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Problems related to the recognition of skills and education acquired by immigrants abroad and their ability to translate them into similar work and income in Canada are well-known. What is less known is the extent to which skills are devalued in the Canadian labour market. Data from the Western Canadian Settlement Survey1, a random sample of over 3,000 newcomers to western Canada, provides insights into the extent to which job status decline occurs. This paper attempts to quantify, insofar as possible the mismatch between education and skills attained abroad by comparing prearrival and post-arrival job statuses amongst newcomers to Canada who have been in the country for five years or less. Using a dual labour market perspective, our results reveal that there is, in fact, a significant decline in job status for newcomers, which is influenced by province of residence, place of education attainment, and length of time in Canada. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As increasing toxicity of Manitoba lakes garners public concern, the environmental impacts of pork producers have come under scrutiny. In this context, the Manitoba Pork Council launched The Family Behind the Farm, a series of advertisements and testimonials featuring pork producers and their families. We examine how this campaign operates affectively to distance the family farm from industrial pork production. Building upon geographical literature theorizing the relationship between race and affect, we argue that the campaign mobilizes pride in the family farm through heteronormative and racialized affects of intimacy, tradition, and intergenerational continuity. In the process, not only is pork production made innocent, but the family farm, and rural Manitoba itself, is reproduced as a white, heteronormative space with an innocent past and secure future. By analyzing this specific case, the paper demonstrates the role of the heteronormative family in reproducing affective geographies of whiteness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]