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Taking into account the rising incidence of metabolic diseases, it is an urgent need for effective treatments to control human health problems. Natural polysaccharides have been found effective on metabolic diseases in more and more researches. In the context of serious side effects of drugs, natural polysaccharides will be verified in the prevention and treatment of metabolic diseases and show their advantages of low toxicity and high efficiency. This review mainly summarized the activity of polysaccharides from different sources in regulating metabolism, and laid a reference for metabolic diseases by natural polysaccharides.

The photocatalytic reduction of CO2 represents an environmentally friendly and sustainable approach for generating valuable chemicals. In this study, a thiophene‐modified highly conjugated asymmetric covalent triazine framework (As‐CTF‐S) is developed for this purpose. Significantly, single‐component intramolecular energy transfer can enhance the photogenerated charge separation, leading to the efficient conversion of CO2 to CO during photocatalysis. As a result, without the need for additional photosensitizers or organic sacrificial agents, As‐CTF‐S demonstrates the highest photocatalytic ability of 353.2 µmol g−1 and achieves a selectivity of ≈99.95% within a 4 h period under visible light irradiation. This study provides molecular insights into the rational control of charge transfer pathways for high‐efficiency CO2 photoreduction using single‐component organic semiconductor catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We herein describes an HFIP‐mediated [4+2]‐cycloaddition reaction from simple and easily available isatoic anhydrides and cyclopropenones under silver catalysis. This transformation involves the tandem decarboxylative esterification, intermolecular addition, intramolecular substitution, small ring opening and isomerization processes, which allows the rapid assembly of versatile 2‐diarylalkenyl‐4H‐3,1‐benzoxazin‐4‐ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapeseed is an important oil crop with high economic value. It can be used not only as edible oil and livestock feed, but also in medicine, industry and tourism. Sclerotium sclerotiorum is a necrotrophic fungal pathogen that harms the yield and quality of rape. This article mainly summarizes the research status of S. sclerotiorum from three aspects: the biological characteristics, infection mode, process and disease resistance breeding of S. sclerotiorum, and summarizes the future research directions of antibacterial sclerotium on rape, to provide reference for future research on sclerotinia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapeseed is the largest source of China's edible vegetable oil and plays a pivotal role in China's edible oil market. With global warming and frequent occurrence of various extreme climates, traditional hybrid breeding has been unable to meet the production requirements for rape yield and stress resistance. In recent years, the rapid development and maturity of molecular marker technologies have opened up new ways for strees resistance breeding in rape. This article mainly discusses several types of molecular marker technologies commonly used in rape-seed breeding, such as RFLP, SSR, and SNP, the advantages of molecular marker technologies over conventional breeding and other genetic marker technologies, as well as the application of molecular marker technologies in rapeseed disease resistance, drought resistance, cold resistance and lodging resistance breeding, the current problems and development prospects in breeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A general, practical, and environmentally friendly protocol to synthesize 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 4‐quinolones from readily available ynones and sulfonamides was developed. The construction of one C−C bond and two C−N bonds via cleavage of one N−S, one C−S, and one C−X (X=F, Cl, Br, O) bond is achieved under transition‐metal‐free conditions in one step. This transformation generates 1 equiv. of sulfur dioxide and 1 equiv. of hydrogen halide as the byproducts. The broad substrate scope and functional group tolerance are demonstrated by 52 examples of 1,2,3‐trisubstituted 4‐quinolones. A preliminary mechanistic study supports a sequential Michael addition/Smiles rearrangement/N‐arylation reaction pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, with the continuous improvement and development of molecular technology in the application process, different types of DNA molecular markers have made rapid progress in the study of genetic diversity of rapeseed. The study of genetic diversity is conducive to the correct formulation of the strategy of collecting and in situ preservation of genetic resources of rapeseed, and it is the genetic basis for the improvement of rapeseed varieties. This article mainly starts with the three DNA molecular markers (SSR, RAPD, AFLP) widely used in the study of genetic diversity of rapeseed. By introducing the application principles and characteristics of SSR, RFPD and AFLP molecular markers, research progress of these three marker technologies in genetic diversity of rapeseed is briefly described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to explore researches about the chromosome karyotype analysis and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) technology in China, using the bibliometric method, taking "fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) " and "chromosome" as Key words:, this paper made a statistical analysis on the literature published in China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) during 2002 -2016. The results indicated that the number of papers published in 2002 was the smallest (37), while the number of papers published in 2012 was the largest (125). In terms of the distribution of organizations of authors, in 1201 papers, 11 organizations published papers ≥15, accounting for 21.65%. In terms of distribution of papers published by different periodicals, 11 periodicals published papers ^10, accounting for 17. 65%. In terms of the papers supported by foundation projects, in all papers searched, 377 papers were supported by foundation projects, accounting for 31.39%. In terms of the distribution of doctoral and master's dissertations, 259 papers were master's dissertations, accounting for 21.57% ; 92 papers were doctoral dissertations, accounting for 7. 66%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To grasp protein content and composition of pea resource in Tibet Plateau, 54 pea materials from different eco-geographical environments of Tibet were collected and arranged in this paper. Based on SDS-PAGE, electrophoresis and genetic diversity analysis of water-solubility and salt-solubility proteins from 54 pea materials were conducted, and the relationship between geographical ecological factors(longitude, latitude and altitude) and total protein content was studied. The research results showed that total protein contents of 54 pea materials were between 17.58% and 28. 67%, in which water-solubility protein accounted for 86. 12% - 91. 40%, while salt-solubility protein accounted for 4.76 -8.29%. Total protein content of Tibet pea showed significantly positive correlation with longitude, certain positive correlation with latitude and certain negative correlation with altitude. SDS-PAGE of water-solubility and salt-solubility proteins from 54 pea materials respectively detected 1588 and 699 protein bands. Based on different mobility ratios, there were 43 kinds of water-solubility protein bands, and diversity index was between 0 and 0. 5. Its relative molecular weight was between 24. 87 and 149. 54 ku, showing the low molecular weight region of 24.71 - 50.41 ku and high molecular weight region of 56. 34 - 88. 08 ku. There were 24 salt-solubility protein bands based on different mobility ratios, with the diversity index of 0 -0.5, and relative molecular weight was between 24. 85 and 91. 24 ku. According to the altitude, 54 pea resources were divided into 4 geographical groups. Gene diversity indexes of each group were respectively 0. 23, 0. 18, 0. 35 and 0. 31, and Shannon information indexes were respectively 0. 33, 0.41, 0. 52 and 0.46. It showed that the variation of pea protein was related to altitude. In clustering analysis, the tested resources were divided into seven classes, showing that water-solubility and salt-solubility proteins could reflect genetic relationship among germplasm resources at certain degree. The research could provide theoretical basis for the development of Tibet pea resources and selection of good parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The direct cleavage of C(CO)−C single bonds, delivering otherwise inaccessible compounds, is a significant challenge. Although the transition metal-catalyzed insertion of functional groups into C(CO)−C bonds has been studied, strained ketone substrates or chelating assistance were commonly required. In this article, we describe a rhodium(II)-catalyzed three-component reaction of 1,3-diones, diazoesters, and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), leading to an unusual formal insertion of O–C(sp3)–C(sp2) into unstrained C(CO)−C bonds. This procedure provides a rapid entry to a gamut of otherwise inaccessible α,α,α-trisubstituted esters/amide from relatively simple substrates in a straightforward manner. 55 examples of highly decorated products demonstrate the broad functional group tolerance and substrate scope. The combination of control experiments and isotope-labeling reactions support that O, C(sp3), and C(sp2) units derive from 1,3-diones, diazoesters, and DMF, respectively. The direct cleavage of C(CO)−C single bonds is usually restricted to strained ketone substrates or to chelating assistance. Here, the authors show a rhodium(II)-catalyzed three-component reaction of 1,3-diones, diazoesters, and DMF, leading to an unusual formal insertion of O–C(sp3)–C(sp2) into unstrained C(CO)–C bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special education practice allows for the educational principles of parental involvement, pointing to a common dialogue on health issues and general well-being. Special education professionals primarily empower the families of children with atypical development by relying on the organizational factors of individual support and services. The decision-making/partnering factors of the educational and general health processes, on the other hand, receive less attention. The present study aims to explore the place of the parent-school relationship within the framework of a special educational institution in Romania. Involving Hungarian special education teachers (N = 12) from Romania, we analyze the school involvement of the parents of students with special educational needs in Bihor County, Romania, concerning their children's academic achievement and well-being. The qualitative research data were recorded through semistructured interviews and were organized through deductive categorization, as well as being analyzed thematically using Atlas.ti. The results highlighted the essential elements of the parent-school relationship, e.g., communication practices, active inclusion programs, support services, and peer acceptance plans. We believe it is important to emphasize that, in the study, families frequently better understood their child's situation and health-related issues and advocated more effectively for the recognition of their rights. However, as an active player in everyday education, the teacher can better organize development activities for the child's specific needs and plan complex habilitation/rehabilitation. To sum up, a parent-educator team approach can result in more successful educational and health outcomes, as well as a more accepting social image in the cognitive, emotional, and social development fields.

Regular physical activity from an early age is an important part of a healthy life because if we incorporate exercise early into our lifestyle, we are more likely to maintain our commitment to sport into adulthood and even throughout our lives. In our research, we used the PERSIST 2019 database, which contains data from students at higher education institutions in Hungary, Slovakia, Romania, Ukraine, and Serbia. We used factor analysis to isolate four sports motivation factors (intrinsic, introjected, extrinsic, and amotivation). Factors influencing the different types were measured using linear regression analysis, involving the variables in four models. The results show that the effects of the sociodemographic variables are significant for gender, country, and mother's job, especially in terms of intrinsic, introjected, and extrinsic motivation. The role of coping is salient for health awareness factors, with a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on the other types. The impacts of quality of education and support are typically negative, while the positive effect of satisfaction with infrastructure is noteworthy. The effect of persistence in sport on intrinsic and introjected motivation is positive. Frequency of training increases intrinsic motivation, while practical sport embeddedness generates extrinsic motivation. In terms of relationships, a mainly teacher-oriented network within the institution typically has a negative effect on intrinsic motivation, while peer relationships outside the institution typically increase intrinsic and extrinsic sport motivation. Academic persistence has a positive effect on intrinsic motivation and a negative effect on introjected motivation. Our research highlights the complexity of factors influencing sport motivation and the role of coping, which typically remains strong when relationship-related variables are included. In addition, we must emphasise the dominant role of relationship network patterns, which may even reduce commitment to sport.

We report a highly efficient copper-catalyzed three-component reaction of alkylamines, acetylenedicarboxylates, and α-bromocarbonyls for the assembly of fully substituted 1,3-dihydro-2 H -pyrrol-2-ones. A variety of alkylamines and ammonium salt are functionalized with acetylenedicarboxylates and α-bromocarbonyls. N -aryl enaminoesters are also successfully alkylated with α-bromocarbonyls. This protocol is understood to proceed through radical Heck-type coupling of in-situ-generated bulky trisubstituted alkenes with bulky tertiary alkyl bromides, which is realized for the first time.