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Objective: To determine whether budesonide (Bud) and triamcinolone acetate (TA) cause DNA fractures in the nasal mucosa and septal cartilage cells through examinations using the comet assay technique., Study Design: Prospective, controlled experimental study., Setting: University hospital., Methods: Septal mucosal epithelial and cartilage tissue samples were taken from 9 patients. Cell cultures were prepared from these samples. Then, budesonide and triamcinolone acetate active ingredients at 2 different doses of 0.2 and 10 µM were separately applied to the cell cultures formed from both tissues of each patient, except the control cell culture, for 7 days in one group and 14 days in one group. After the applications, genotoxic damage was scored with the comet assay technique and the groups were compared., Results: In both the budesonide and triamcinolone acetate groups, the comet scores at low and high doses, on the 7th and 14th days were found to be significantly higher in both cartilage and epithelial tissue than in the control group., Conclusion: The study results showed that budesonide and triamcinolone acetate lead to a significantly high rate of genotoxic damage in both epithelial tissue and cartilage tissue.

Objectives: To compare the efficiencies of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) and intratympanic steroid (ITS)treatment for idiopathic sudden sensorineural hearingloss (ISSHL)., Materials and Methods: A total of 136 patients who were treated for ISSHL were reviewed fromthemedical records. All of the patients were given systemic steroid therapy (SST). Among them,33patients received HBOT and 36 patients received ITS treatment following SST. The starting time to treatment, risk factors, hearing level, hearing gain (HG), and recovery rate were evaluated from retrospectiverecords., Results: No substantial change in HG was observed for either the HBOT or ITS treatment cohort (p>0.05). But the time to recovery was higher in the ITS treatment cohort (40%) than in theHBOT cohort (17%). The starting time to ITS treatment was 4 days (range: 1-30) and that to HBOT was 8 days (range:3-30). There was a significant difference in the starting time to treatment (Mann-Whitney U-test, p=0.043). Also, hearing loss in the HBOT group was significantly higher than in the ITS treatment group. A significant difference was observed before and after ITS treatment (p<0.05)., Conclusion: In patients compared with late-onset treatment, ITS may be more effective than HBO after SST failure. It can be used as salvage therapy in patients with ISSHL who are unresponsive to a primary systemic steroid. We observed that HBOT didnot improve results when it was started late. Therefore, more studies that include both ITS treatment and HBOTas anearly treatment option are needed.

Objective: Fractalkine, member of chemokine family, is involved in many inflammatory processes in the human body. The aim of this study is to compare expression levels of fractalkine ligand and its receptor in chronic tonsillitis and hypertrophic tonsil samples., Methods: The study was conducted at Baskent University Departments of Otorhinolaryngology and Medical Genetics. It is designed as a prospective, non-randomized, controlled clinical study. Total 97 samples, obtained from adenotonsillectomy due to chronic tonsillitis or tonsillar hypertrophy, were participated in the study. Fractalkine and its receptor expression levels were determined and comparison was made between the tissue groups. c.839C>T (T280M) polymorphism of fractalkine receptor was analyzed, then relationship between polymorphism and the expression level of fractalkine receptor was investigated., Results: Fractalkine receptor expression was significantly higher in the hypertrophic tonsil group than chronic tonsillitis group (p<0.05)., Conclusion: Fractalkine, member of chemokine family, and its receptor may play role in preventing chronic-recurrent tonsillitis., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Background/aim: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a respiratory disease caused by inflammation of the nasal mucosa. Intranasal corticosteroids (ICs) are an effective treatment for AR; however, their use has been associated with atrophy in nasal mucosae. Because DNA damage has been linked to several chronic diseases, we hypothesize that use of ICs could cause DNA damage in nasal mucosa cells, leading to mucosal atrophy and septal perforation. Materials and methods: Sixty patients with moderate or severe AR were divided randomly into two groups. Mometasone furoate (MF) and antihistamine tablets (desloratadine) were given to the study (IC) group. Physiologic saline and desloratadine were given to the control ((serum physiologic (SP)) group. Nasal irrigation fluid was taken from patients before study commencement and after 4 weeks of treatment. The comet assay was applied to detect DNA damage in nasal mucosa cells. Results: Nineteen patients were excluded, leaving a study population of 41 patients (IC group: 17 patients; SP group: 24 patients). Genotoxic damage was evaluated by comet assay. Conclusion: Treatment with MF spray for 4 weeks does not cause DNA breaks within cells in the nasal mucosa. These results could form the basis of clinical trials involving treatment with different ICs over longer treatment periods.

Objectives: This study aims to compare pain, bleeding, nasal obstruction, crust and synechia formation, and anesthesia-related morbidity in patients with and without use of nasal packs after septoplasty., Patients and Methods: A total of 66 patients (32 women, 34 men; mean age 24 years; range 18 to 48 years) who underwent Cottle's septoplasty under general anesthesia were randomly allocated to three groups in this prospective cohort. Telfa nasal packs were used in sutures + telfa group (n=22) and Merocell nasal packs in merocel alone group (n=22). No packs were administered in sutures alone group (n=22). Three groups were compared in terms of nasal obstruction, bleeding, pain, crust and synechia formation, as well as the amount of secretion, the need for oropharyngeal airway, the presence of laryngospasm, and effort for nasal breathing after anesthesia., Results: The amount of bleeding was higher with lower degree of nasal obstruction in sutures alone group. Pain and secretion were more remarkable in merocel alone group. After the first week, these differences were unable to be differentiated among the groups. There were no differences between three groups with respect to crust and synechia formation two weeks after septal surgery., Conclusion: Nasal packs can be more useful in patients who suffer from bleeding-related morbidity, while septoplasty applied without nasal packs can be more suitable in patients with obstructive sleep apnea. The use of nasal packs in septoplasty should be determined on an individualized basis with respect to the characteristics of each patient.