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10. Atypical chemokine receptor 4 shapes activated B cell fate

Author

Kara, EE, Bastow, CR, McKenzie, DR, Gregor, CE, Fenix, KA, Babb, R, Norton, TS, Zotos, D, Rodda, LB, Hermes, JR, Bourne, K, Gilchrist, DS, Nibbs, RJ, Alsharifi, M, Vinuesa, CG, Tarlinton, DM, Brink, R, Hill, GR, Cyster, JG, Comerford, I, McColl, SR, Kara, EE, Bastow, CR, McKenzie, DR, Gregor, CE, Fenix, KA, Babb, R, Norton, TS, Zotos, D, Rodda, LB, Hermes, JR, Bourne, K, Gilchrist, DS, Nibbs, RJ, Alsharifi, M, Vinuesa, CG, Tarlinton, DM, Brink, R, Hill, GR, Cyster, JG, Comerford, I, and McColl, SR

Abstract

Activated B cells can initially differentiate into three functionally distinct fates-early plasmablasts (PBs), germinal center (GC) B cells, or early memory B cells-by mechanisms that remain poorly understood. Here, we identify atypical chemokine receptor 4 (ACKR4), a decoy receptor that binds and degrades CCR7 ligands CCL19/CCL21, as a regulator of early activated B cell differentiation. By restricting initial access to splenic interfollicular zones (IFZs), ACKR4 limits the early proliferation of activated B cells, reducing the numbers available for subsequent differentiation. Consequently, ACKR4 deficiency enhanced early PB and GC B cell responses in a CCL19/CCL21-dependent and B cell-intrinsic manner. Conversely, aberrant localization of ACKR4-deficient activated B cells to the IFZ was associated with their preferential commitment to the early PB linage. Our results reveal a regulatory mechanism of B cell trafficking via an atypical chemokine receptor that shapes activated B cell fate.

Published
2018

15. Additional support for schizophrenia linkage on chromosomes 6 and 8: A multicenter study

Author

Levinson, DF, Wildenauer, DB, Schwab, SG, Albus, M, Hallmayer, J, Lerer, B, Maier, W, Blackwood, D, Muir, W, StClair, D, Morris, S, Moises, HW, Yang, L, Kristbjarnarson, H, Helgason, T, Wiese, C, Collier, DA, Holmans, P, Daniels, J, Rees, M, Asherson, P, Roberts, Q, Cardno, A, Arranz, MJ, Vallada, H, McGuffin, D, Owen, MJ, Pulver, AE, Antonarakis, SE, Babb, R, Blouin, JL, DeMarchi, N, Dombroski, B, Housman, D, Karayiorgou, M, Ott, J, Kasch, L, Kazazian, H, Lasseter, VK, Loetscher, E, Luebbert, H, Nestadt, G, Ton, C, Wolyniec, PS, Laurent, C, deChaldee, M, Thibaut, F, Jay, M, Samolyk, D, Petit, M, Campion, D, Mallet, J, Straub, RE, MacLean, CJ, Easter, SM, ONeill, FA, Walsh, D, Kendler, KS, Gejman, PV, Gershon, E, Badner, J, Beshah, E, Zhang, J, Riley, BP, Rajagopalan, S, MogudiCarter, M, Jenkins, T, Williamson, R, DeLisi, LE, Garner, C, Kelly, M, LeDuc, C, Cardon, L, Lichter, J, Harris, T, Loftus, J, Shields, G, Comasi, M, Vita, A, Smith, A, Dann, J, Joslyn, G, Gurling, H, Kalsi, G, Brynjolfsson, J, Curtis, D, Sigmundsson, T, Butler, R, Read, T, Murphy, P, Chen, ACH, Petursson, H, Byerley, B, Hoff, M, Holik, J, Coon, H, Nancarrow, DJ, Crowe, RR, Andreasen, N, Silverman, JM, Mohs, RC, Siever, LJ, Endicott, J, Sharpe, L, Lennon, DP, Hayward, NK, Sandkuijl, LA, Mowry, BJ, Aschauer, HN, Meszaros, K, Lenzinger, E, Fuchs, K, Heiden, AM, Kruglyak, L, Daly, MJ, and Matise, TC

Subjects
genotype, RELATIVES, DNA MARKERS, POTENTIAL LINKAGE, ILLNESS, collaboration, polymorphism, AFFECTIVE-DISORDERS, schizophrenia, SIB-PAIR LINKAGE, SUSCEPTIBILITY GENES, genetic linkage, GENOME-WIDE SEARCH, LOCUS, HETEROGENEITY
Abstract

In response to reported schizophrenia linkage findings on chromosomes 3, 6 and 8, fourteen research groups genotyped 14 microsatellite markers in an unbiased, collaborative (New) sample of 403-567 informative pedigrees per marker, and in the Original sample which produced each finding (the Johns Hopkins University sample of 40-52 informative pedigrees for chromosomes 3 and 8, and the Medical College of Virginia sample of 156-191 informative pedigrees for chromosome 6). Primary planned analyses (New sample) were two-point heterogeneity lod score (lod2) tests (dominant and recessive affected-only models), and multipoint affected sibling pair (ASP) analysis, with a narrow diagnostic model schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorders), Regions with positive results were also analyzed in the Original and Combined samples. There was no evidence for linkage on chromosome 3. For chromosome 6, ASP maximum lod scores (MLS) were 2.19 (New sample, nominal p = .001) and. 2.68 (Combined sample, p = .0004). For chromosome 8, maximum lod2 scores (tests of linkage with heterogeneity) were 2.22 (New sample, p = .0014) and 3.06 (Combined sample, p = .00018). Results are interpreted as inconclusive hut suggestive of linkage in the latter two regions. We discuss possible reasons for failing to achieve a conclusive result in this large sample, Design issues and limitations of this type of collaborative study are discussed, and it is concluded that multicenter follow-up linkage studies of complex disorders can help to direct research efforts toward promising regions.

Published
1996

17. Glutaraldehyde proctitis

Author

Babb, R R and Paaso, B T

Subjects
Adult, Male, Glutaral, Humans, Female, Proctitis, Middle Aged, Sigmoidoscopy, Research Article, Disinfectants
Published
1995

19. Gastrointestinal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs

Author

Babb, R R

Subjects
Intestinal Diseases, Gastrointestinal Diseases, Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal, Stomach Diseases, Humans, Esophageal Diseases, Research Article
Abstract

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have become increasingly popular, with more than 90 million prescriptions being written annually. These drugs inhibit the intracellular cyclooxygenase enzyme system, thus blocking the production of various prostaglandin compounds. This, in turn, interferes with normal mucosal protective mechanisms, leading to local injury. Gastrointestinal complications of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use include ulcerations, hemorrhage, perforation, stricture formation, and the exacerbation of inflammatory bowel disease. Treatment involves stopping the drug if at all possible and then instituting more specific therapy depending on the anatomic area that has been injured.

Published
1992

26. Antenatal monitoring of anti-D and anti-c: could titre scores determined by column agglutination technology replace continuous flow analyser quantification?

Author

Bruce, D. G., Tinegate, H. N., Williams, M., Babb, R., and Wells, A. W.

Subjects
PRENATAL diagnosis, AGGLUTINATION, VOLUMETRIC analysis, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, HEMOLYTIC plaque technique, ERYTHROBLASTOSIS fetalis, FETAL diseases
Abstract

SUMMARY Objective To determine if column agglutination technology ( CAT) for titration of anti-D and anti-c concentrations produces comparable results to those obtained by continuous flow analyser ( CFA). Background Anti-D and anti-c are the two commonest antibodies that contribute to serious haemolytic disease of the foetus and neonate ( HDFN). Current practice in the UK is to monitor these antibodies by CFA quantification, which is considered more reproducible and less subjective than manual titration by tube IAT (indirect antiglobulin test). CAT is widely used in transfusion laboratory practice and provides a more objective endpoint than tube technique. Materials and methods Antenatal samples were (i) quantified using CFA and (ii) titrated using CAT with the reaction strength recorded by a card reader and expressed as a titre score ( TS). Results The TS rose in accordance with levels measured by quantification and was able to distinguish antibody levels above and below the threshold of clinical significance. Conclusion CAT titre scores provided a simple and reproducible method to monitor anti-D and anti-c levels. The method was sensitive to a wide range of antibody levels as determined by quantification. This technique may have the potential to replace CFA quantification by identifying those cases that require closer monitoring for potential HDFN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2013
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32. Matrix-Isolation ESR Studies of the Various Isotopomers of the CH<INF>3</INF>Zn and ZnH Radicals:  Comparisons with ab Initio Theoretical Calculations

Author

McKinley, A. J., Karakyriakos, E., Knight, L. B., Jr., Babb, R., and Williams, A.

Abstract

The 12CH3Zn, 12CH367Zn, 13CH3Zn, 13CH367Zn, 13CD367Zn, and 13CD3Zn radicals have been isolated in an inert neon matrix at 4.3 K. Their electronic structure has been probed for the first time using matrix-isolation electron spin resonance spectroscopy (MI-ESR). These radicals were generated by the reaction of laser-ablated zinc metal with the appropriate methyl precursor. The magnetic parameters (MHz) were determined to be g⊥ = 1.9835(4), A⊥(H) = 14(1), A⊥(D) = 2.2(4), A⊥(13C) = 166(3), and A⊥(67Zn) = 547(1). Estimates were derived for A∥(13C) = 211(50) and A∥(67Zn) = 608(5). The 67ZnH radical was also generated by the reaction of laser-ablated zinc metal and hydrogen gas and studied for the first time by MI-ESR after isolation in solid neon matrixes at 4 K. The values of the 67ZnH magnetic parameters (MHz) were determined to be g⊥ = 1.9841(3), g∥ = 1.9990(5), A⊥(H) = 505(1), A∥(H) = 503(1), A⊥(67Zn) = 615(1), and A∥(67Zn) = 660(1). Earlier argon MI-ESR studies produced ZnH by conventional high-temperature methods and determined only the hydrogen hyperfine interaction and the molecular g tensor. Hartree−Fock single- and double-excitation configuration interaction (HFSDCI) and multireference single- and double-excitation configuration interaction (MRSDCI) ab initio calculations of the magnetic hyperfine interactions in the CH3Zn and ZnH radicals were performed. The Aiso(67Zn) and the Adip(67Zn) values calculated for both radicals were within 10% of the experimental observations. However, the calculated Aiso(13C) values for the CH3Zn radical were low by about 50%, and the calculated Aiso(H) value for ZnH was low by 60%. Density functional theory (DFT) yielded Aiso values for H and 13C in much closer agreement with experiment. A comparison is presented between the ESR results for the CH3Zn and ZnH radicals and their cadmium analogues, which have been investigated previously by MI-ESR.

Published
2000

34. Intestinal gas

Author

Babb, R R

Subjects
Intestines, Colon, Humans, Gases, Gastrointestinal Motility, Research Article
Published
1977

35. Acute fulminating amoebic colitis: survival after total colectomy.

Author

Babb, R R and Trollope, M L

Abstract

Acute fulminating amoebic colitis is a very uncommon complication of amoebiasis. Most patients die, with or without surgery. We report such a patient who survived after total colectomy. If an excision of diseased colon is done, an exteriorising procedure should be added and primary anastomosis avoided. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
1985

41. Additional support for schizophrenia linkage on chromosomes 6 and 8: A multicenter study

Author

Levinson, D. F., Wildenauer, D. B., Schwab, S. G., Albus, M., Hallmayer, J., Lerer, B., Maier, W., Blackwood, D., Muir, W., Stclair, D., Morris, S., Moises, H. W., Yang, L., Kristbjarnarson, H., Helgason, T., Wiese, C., Collier, D. A., Holmans, P., Daniels, J., Mark Rees, Asherson, P., Roberts, Q., Cardno, A., Arranz, M. J., Vallada, H., Mcguffin, D., Owen, M. J., Pulver, A. E., Antonarakis, S. E., Babb, R., Blouin, J. L., Demarchi, N., Dombroski, B., Housman, D., Karayiorgou, M., Ott, J., Kasch, L., Kazazian, H., Lasseter, V. K., Loetscher, E., Luebbert, H., Nestadt, G., Ton, C., Wolyniec, P. S., Laurent, C., Dechaldee, M., Thibaut, F., Jay, M., Samolyk, D., Petit, M., Campion, D., Mallet, J., Straub, R. E., Maclean, C. J., Easter, S. M., Oneill, F. A., Walsh, D., Kendler, K. S., Gejman, P. V., Cao, Q. H., Gershon, E., Badner, J., Beshah, E., Zhang, J., Riley, B. P., Rajagopalan, S., Mogudicarter, M., Jenkins, T., Williamson, R., Delisi, L. E., Garner, C., Kelly, M., Leduc, C., Cardon, L., Lichter, J., Harris, T., Loftus, J., Shields, G., Comasi, M., Vita, A., Smith, A., Dann, J., Joslyn, G., Gurling, H., Kalsi, G., Brynjolfsson, J., Curtis, D., Sigmundsson, T., Butler, R., Read, T., Murphy, P., Chen, A. C. H., Petursson, H., Byerley, B., Hoff, M., Holik, J., Coon, H., Nancarrow, D. J., Crowe, R. R., Andreasen, N., Silverman, J. M., Mohs, R. C., Siever, L. J., Endicott, J., Sharpe, L., Walters, M. K., Lennon, D. P., Hayward, N. K., Sandkuijl, L. A., Mowry, B. J., Aschauer, H. N., Meszaros, K., Lenzinger, E., Fuchs, K., Heiden, A. M., Kruglyak, L., Daly, M. J., and Matise, T. C.

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