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Background: Large and giant intracranial aneurysms pose treatment challenges. The benefit-risk balance of flow diverters (FDs) alone versus FDs with coiling remains unclear. This study aimed to compare these two strategies., Methods: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. A comprehensive search of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science was performed up to October 2024. Studies comparing FDs with or without adjunctive coiling in large/giant intracranial aneurysms were included. The primary outcome was complete aneurysm occlusion, defined by the Raymond-Roy Occlusion Classification. Additional outcomes included procedural and postprocedural complications. Data were analyzed using a random effects model., Results: 15 studies with 1130 patients were analyzed, with 557 in the FD alone group and 573 in the FD+coiling group. The meta-analysis revealed that FD+coiling significantly improved complete aneurysm occlusion rates (OR 1.59, 95% CI 1.06 to 2.40, P=0.03). While overall ischemic complications were significantly lower in the FD alone group, a sensitivity analysis showed no significant difference (OR 0.49, 95% CI 0.20 to 1.23, P=0.13). Subgroup analysis of fusiform aneurysms showed no significant difference in complete aneurysm occlusion rates (OR 1.10, 95% CI 0.50 to 2.40, P=0.82). Procedural and hemorrhagic complications did not differ significantly, and no publication bias was detected in the results., Conclusions: Combining FDs with coiling improved complete aneurysm occlusion rates in large and giant saccular intracranial aneurysms, although the impact on complications remains controversial. Further investigation into the benefit-risk ratio of this combined approach is warranted., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2025. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ Group.)

Recent advancements in endovascular treatment (EVT) and different views on optimal management for posterior communicating artery (PComA) aneurysms with oculomotor nerve palsy (ONP) highlight a need to compare recovery timelines between microsurgery and EVT; heterogeneous outcomes and influencing factors may also affect results. A comprehensive systematic review and meta-analysis were conducted by searching PubMed, Embase, Scopus, and Web of Science databases. The extracted data encompassed patient demographics, details on treatment modalities and timing, and characteristics of PComA aneurysms ONP caused by either unruptured or ruptured aneurysms. The primary outcome was ONP favorable recovery, defined as the resolution of admission symptoms, except for subtle ptosis and mild pupillary asymmetry. We used random effect models to calculate odds ratios (OR) and pool prevalence with their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI). A total of 40 studies met the inclusion criteria. Overall, microsurgical clipping of PComA aneurysms demonstrated a significantly higher likelihood of ONP recovery compared to EVT at 1,3,6, and 12 months follow-up. However, recovery rates were comparable in long-term follow-up [18 months: (0.87 vs. 0.64, P-value = 0.36); ≥24 months: (0.86 vs. 0.72 P-Value = 0.26)]. The recovery outcomes for early treatment were similar when assessed during the 6-month follow-up (0.75 vs. 0.56, P-value = 0.07). Our findings suggest microsurgery leads to prompt ONP recovery from PComA aneurysms, while EVT shows potential for delayed favorable recovery; both treatments yield short-term recovery when administered early. A case-by-case approach is recommended, emphasizing a comprehensive understanding of patient factors in relation to the immediate and sustained effects of each treatment., Competing Interests: Declarations. Ethical approval: Not applicable. Competing interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. This is a U.S. Government work and not under copyright protection in the US; foreign copyright protection may apply.)

Widespread destruction from the Yemeni Civil War (2014-present) triggered the world's largest cholera outbreak. We compiled a comprehensive health dataset and created dynamic maps to demonstrate spatiotemporal changes in cholera infections and war conflicts. We aligned and merged daily, weekly, and monthly epidemiological bulletins of confirmed cholera infections and daily conflict events and fatality records to create a dataset of weekly time series for Yemen at the governorate level (subnational regions administered by governors) from 4 January 2016 through 29 December 2019. We demonstrated the use of dynamic mapping for tracing the onset and spread of infection and manmade factors that amplify the outbreak. We report curated data and visualization techniques to further uncover associations between infectious disease outbreaks and risk factors and to better coordinate humanitarian aid and relief efforts during complex emergencies., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Objective: This systemic review assesses skin tone representation in images of DM rashes in medical education literature., Methods: A review was performed of 59 dermatology, 11 neurology, 10 neuromuscular, 7 rheumatology and 6 internal medicine textbooks published between 2011 and 2021 and 3 online image databases (UpToDate, VisualDx and DermNet NZ) that were available through an online medical school library. After extracting images, images with poor lighting or unclear rashes were removed. Authors graded skin tone independently on the Massey and Martin Skin Colour Scale (MMSCS) from 1 (very light) to 10 (very dark). The median score was taken for a final score, grouped within MMSCS 1-2, 3-4, 5-7 or 8-10. Inter-rater reliability was assessed using Kendall's coefficient of concordance (W)., Results: Six hundred and twenty-one images were extracted after reviewing 93 textbooks and 3 online databases. Of the 561 images analysed, 73.1% of images represented MMSCS 1-2, followed by 3-4 (13.4%), 5-7 (11.8%) and 8-10 (1.8%). Inter-rater reliability was high (W = 0.835). Of the images in MMSCS 5-10, 59.2% were in online databases and 80.6% of textbook images were in dermatology books., Conclusions: Patients with lighter skin tones were represented in a higher number of DM-related educational materials compared with patients with darker skin tones. Our findings add to current research implicating that darker skin tones are under-represented in cutaneous educational materials, specifically for DM. This leads to the inability to properly characterize skin involvement in DM and may lead to inappropriate exclusion from clinical trials due to erroneous skin scoring., (© The Author(s) 2021. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Rheumatology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.)

The Global Task Force on Cholera Control (GTFCC) created a strategy for early outbreak detection, hotspot identification, and resource mobilization coordination in response to the Yemeni cholera epidemic. This strategy requires a systematic approach for defining and classifying outbreak signatures, or the profile of an epidemic curve and its features. We used publicly available data to quantify outbreak features of the ongoing cholera epidemic in Yemen and clustered governorates using an adaptive time series methodology. We characterized outbreak signatures and identified clusters using a weekly time series of cholera rates in 20 Yemeni governorates and nationally from 4 September 2016 through 29 December 2019 as reported by the World Health Organization (WHO). We quantified critical points and periods using Kolmogorov-Zurbenko adaptive filter methodology. We assigned governorates into six clusters sharing similar outbreak signatures, according to similarities in critical points, critical periods, and the magnitude of peak rates. We identified four national outbreak waves beginning on 12 September 2016, 6 March 2017, 28 May 2018, and 28 January 2019. Among six identified clusters, we classified a core regional hotspot in Sana'a, Sana'a City, and Al-Hudaydah-the expected origin of the national outbreak. The five additional clusters differed in Wave 2 and Wave 3 peak frequency, timing, magnitude, and geographic location. As of 29 December 2019, no governorates had returned to pre-Wave 1 levels. The detected similarity in outbreak signatures suggests potentially shared environmental and human-made drivers of infection; the heterogeneity in outbreak signatures implies the potential traveling waves outwards from the core regional hotspot that could be governed by factors that deserve further investigation.