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Introduction. The survival of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) depends on several factors, abnormal nutritional status such as obesity or protein-energy malnutrition are among these factors. Hence the importance of accurate assess-ment of nutritional status in order to preserve not only the renal function of these patients but also their quality of life on dialysis. Objectives. To establish the prevalence of obesity in patients with CKD, before starting extra-renal purification, based on two anthropometric methods: body mass index (BMI) and bioelectrical impedance. Material and methods. This was a descriptive observational study on 125 patients with CKD before the stage of dialysis, meeting the study eligibility criteria. The nutritional and anthropometric parameters (BMI, impedancemetry) were measured. Results. The mean age was 56.3±12.3 years, and the sex-ratio was 0.95. Regarding the nutritional evaluation of patients with CKD, more than 71% of patients had a BMI (kg/m2) greater than 25 (overweight and obesity), and33.6% greater than 30. The percentage of obese women according to BMI was higher than that of men (51.6 versus 48.3%). The highest rate of obesity according to BMI was found in patients with stage 3b CD (p=0.003). Obesity by percentage of body fat estimated by the bio-impedancemetry method was identified in 60% of patients. BMI was associated with a 26.4% under-identification of obesity. An increased level of visceral fat was found in 60% of patients. Over 45% of patients had low muscle mass. Negative correlations were found between BMI and muscle mass (r=-0.732; p=0.000), and between body fat mass and muscle mass (r=-0.999 ; p=0.000). Indeed, according to the bio-impedancemetry method, a sarcopenic obesity was found in 90% of obese patients. Conclusion. Traditional BMI measurement identifies significantly fewer CKD patients as obese, compared to nutritional endpoints based on estimating body fat percentage by impedance measurement. [Introduction. La survie des patients présentant une insuffisance rénale chroni-que (IRC), dépend de plusieurs facteurs, les anomalies de l’état nutritionnel, telles que l’obésité ou la malnutrition protéino-énergétique font partie de ces facteurs. D’où l’importance de l’appréciation exacte du statut nutritionnel afin de préserver, non seulement, la fonction rénale de ces patients mais aussi leur qualité de vie en dialyse. Objectifs. Etablir la prévalence de l’obésité chez des patients présentant une IRC, avant de débuter l’épuration extra-rénale, en fonction de deux méthodes anthropométri-ques : l’indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l’impédance bioélectrique. Matériel et méthodes. C’est une étude observationnelle descriptive portant sur 125 patients ayant une IRC avant le stade de dialyse. Des paramètres nutritionnels anthropométriques (IMC, impédancemétrie) ont été mesurés. Résultats. L’âge moyen des patients était de 56,3±12,3 ans et le sex-ratio était de 0,95. L’évaluation nutritionnelle des patients en IRC a montré que plus de 71% avaient un IMC supérieur à 25 (obésité et surpoids) et 33,6% un IMC supérieur à 30. Le pourcentage de femmes obèses selon l’IMC était plus élevé que celui des hommes (51,6 contre 48,3%). Le taux le plus élevé d’obèses selon l’IMC était retrouvé chez les patients atteints d'IRC au stade 3b (p= 0,003). L’obésité par pourcentage de graisse corporelle, estimée par la méthode de bio-impédancemétrie, a été identifiée chez 60% des patients. L’IMC est associée à une sous-identification de l'obésité de 26,4%. Un niveau de graisse viscérale augmenté était retrouvé chez 60% des patients. Plus de 45% des patients présentaient une masse musculaire basse. Des corrélations négatives ont été notées entre l’IMC et la masse musculaire (r=-0,732 ; p=0,000) et entre la masse grasse corporelle et la masse musculaire (r=-0,999 ; p=0,000). En effet, selon la méthode de bio-impédancemétrie, une obésité sarcopénique a été observée chez 90% des patients obèses. Conclusion. La mesure traditionnelle de l'IMC identifie moins de patients atteints d'IRC comme obèses, comparée aux critères d’évaluation nutritionnels basés sur l'estimation du pourcentage de graisse corporelle par impédancemétrie.]

Bluetongue (BT) is a vector-borne disease affecting wild and domestic ruminants in many parts of the world. Although bluetongue virus (BTV) is widespread in ungulates in Africa, available epidemiological information on BT in this continent is limited. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to estimate the seroprevalence of BTV and summarize information on associated risk factors in domestic ruminants and camels in Africa. Systematic searches were conducted from the inception of the database to November 2022 on PubMed/MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Web of Science, and Google/Google Scholar. Forty-four eligible publications were identified, published in the range from 1973 to 2020, and statistically analyzed. The pooled overall seroprevalence of BTV was 45.02% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 36.00-54.00%). The pooled seroprevalence was 49.70% (95% CI: 34.50-65.00%) in cattle, 47.00% (95% CI: 29.90-64.50%) in goats, 40.80% (95% CI: 19.60-63.90%) in camels, and 36.30% (95% CI: 29.00-44.90%) in sheep. The pooled seroprevalence decreased after 1990 and increased again after 2010. The highest pooled overall seroprevalence was found in the southeastern region, and the highest pooled overall seroprevalence was obtained by Competitive Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Finally, the seroprevalence in females (53.30%, 95% CI: 34.80-71.00%) was significantly higher than in males (28.10%, 95% CI: 17.40-40.30%) (p

This work is the continuation of a research project launched 4 years ago, concerning the optimization of the propulsion of an electric vehicle, which is divided into two major axes: one deals with the signal processing part used for dynamics and the other deals with control techniques for vehicle driving. In this paper, we present our idea for the optimization of propulsion. We propose to use a combined control of field-oriented control (FOC) and direct torque control (DTC). The two well-known techniques have different advantages depending on whether you are looking at speed or torque. The vehicle is driven by a permanent magnet synchronous motor (PMSM). Throughout the journey, we apply a FOC to control the speed where the road is flat, and we apply a DTC whenever we need the desired torque. Switching between the two control techniques is ensured by a well-adjusted switch via the variation of the load torque obtained by the vehicle dynamics sensors. The results obtained show good stability of the proposed system and allow the intended operation of the propulsion system.

Since the 20th century, numerous studies have detected or isolated parasites from the Trypanosomatidae family in various tick species. However, the status of ticks as vectors for medically or veterinary significant Trypanosoma and Leishmania remains unclear. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to provide new insights into the potential vector status of these pathogens, which have significant medical and veterinary implications. We searched three databases (PubMed, Google Scholar, and Web of Science) from 1912 to June 30, 2023, resulting in 94 papers included in the qualitative analysis and 86 papers in the quantitative analysis. All identified field studies were conducted in endemic areas and investigated the presence of Trypanosoma and Leishmania parasites, DNA, or antigens in ticks. We recorded a pooled prevalence of Trypanosomatidae detection in ticks at 15.48 % [7.99–24.61 %], with significant variations depending on the year, detection method, and geographical area. Most of the infected tick species belonged to the genera Amblyomma, Hyalomma, Ixodes, and Rhipicephalus. Experimental laboratory work on transmission routes demonstrated potential vector competence in both the Argasidae and Ixodidae tick families. Although our systematic review and meta-analysis provide compelling evidence of the natural infection of ticks by Trypanosomatidae parasites, along with some evidence of non-traditional transmission routes, they do not offer conclusive evidence regarding the role of ticks as biological or mechanical vectors for Trypanosomatidae species of veterinary and medical interest. This highlights the urgent need for additional investigations to address this point.

La traducción especializada constituye un campo de estudio intrincado que va más allá de la mera transposición de palabras entre dos lenguas. En este contexto, la variación lingüística y sus peculiaridades (diatópicas, diastráticas, diafásicas, terminológicas, alternancia de códigos, etc.) adquiere un papel fundamental, especialmente cuando se aborda la traducción del español al árabe en un ámbito específico como es el de la joyería y orfebrería. Este artículo examina críticamente la interacción entre la variación en lengua árabe, la traducción especializada español-árabe y el trasvase de terminología del ámbito de la joyería-orfebrería al árabe. La investigación se sitúa en la confluencia de la traducción técnica y los estudios sociolingüísticos, destacando la importancia de abordar las diferencias geográficas, sociolingüísticas y socioculturales que influyen en la interpretación y recepción de los mensajes traducidos en el ámbito de la joyería. El análisis se basa en un corpus de 25 fichas terminológicas multimodales sobre joyería y orfebrería en español y sus equivalentes traducidos al árabe en el marco del proyecto FEDER I+D+i “BIJOULEX: Creación de una herramienta terminológica multilingüe (español, francés, inglés, italiano y árabe) y multimodal para el sector de la joyería, la orfebrería y su internacionalización”. Se busca identificar patrones específicos de variación en lengua árabe que puedan afectar al proceso de acuñación terminológica, a las estrategias de traducción de conceptos especializados o a la equivalencia cultural y técnica en la transferencia de conocimientos sobre joyería del español al árabe. Del análisis y discusión de los aspectos encontrados durante este proceso de traducción contrastiva se coligen conclusiones y recomendaciones de interés para el área de la traducción especializada español-árabe. Entre otros aspectos, se revela la complejidad de la traducción especializada en este dominio, en el que escasean en árabe las fuentes de consulta terminológica, pero donde la precisión técnica se entrelaza con las sutilezas culturales asociadas con la joyería-orfebrería. Se argumenta que una comprensión más profunda de las variaciones lingüísticas en árabe permitirá adecuar las estrategias de traducción empleadas en este ámbito de especialidad y transmitir el conocimiento intrínseco al mensaje original, teniendo en cuenta las peculiaridades lingüísticas del receptor árabe, al tiempo que se preserva no solo el significado léxico sino también las connotaciones culturales, terminológicas y estilísticas de este ámbito.

Abstract A system of dispersive representations of the Omnès–Khuri–Treiman–Sawyer–Wali type for the final-state interactions in the amplitudes of the $$K\rightarrow \pi \pi \pi $$ K → π π π weak transitions is constructed, under the assumptions that CP and isospin symmetries are conserved. Both the $$\Delta I = 1/2$$ Δ I = 1 / 2 and $$\Delta I = 3/2$$ Δ I = 3 / 2 transition channels are considered. The set of single-variable functions involved in these representations is identified, and the polynomial ambiguities in their definitions are discussed. Numerical solutions for the system of coupled integral relations satisfied by these functions are provided, and the determination of the subtraction constants in terms of the experimental information on the amplitudes in the decay region is addressed.

Abstract We perform a detailed study of the consequences of isospin symmetry in the Cabibbo favoured D → K ¯ ππ $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ decays. These processes are important for precision testing of the Standard Model and for hadronic physics. Combining isospin symmetry with a dispersive reconstruction theorem we derive a representation in terms of one-variable functions which allows one to predict all the D → K ¯ ππ $$ D\to \overline{K}\pi \pi $$ amplitudes given inputs from one D + mode and one D 0 mode. From this, using dispersion relations and unitarity, we derive a set of 6+6 Khuri-Treiman type integral equations which enable to take three-body rescattering effects into account. A first test of this approach is presented using experimental results on the D + → K S π 0 π + and the D 0 → K S π − π + modes.

Introduction/purpose: Among excellent strategies available to control the torque of asynchronous motors, we distinguish direct torque control. This technique of control allows direct control of magnetic flux and electromagnetic torque without the need to decouple them. Also, direct torque control like each control strategy has some drawbacks, the major drawbacks of this technique being operation at a variable switching frequency and flux and electromagnetic ripples due to the use of hysteresis regulators. It worsens acoustic noise, especially at low speeds, as well as the control performances. Methods: To improve the performance of direct torque control especially at low speeds, the authors propose using fractional order PID in combination with type-2 fuzzy logic controllers to regulate the speed of an induction motor controlled by direct torque control. Results: The results obtained by the proposed regulators show the improvements made to the system. Conclusion: The proposed contribution can exert better control efforts.

Tropical theileriosis (TT) is a tick-borne disease caused by Theileria annulata and commonly infects cattle in tropical and subtropical regions, including Algeria. It is a significant obstacle to cattle breeding programs established to improve production in Algeria. The present investigation aimed to estimate the current molecular prevalence, risk factors, and genetic characterisation of T. annulata in two bioclimatic areas of Algeria. In a cross-sectional study, 679 blood samples (629 from healthy cattle selected on farms and 50 from diseased cattle identified by veterinarians) were collected from the humid (n = 307+50) and semi-arid (n = 322) areas and screened by blood smear examination followed by polymerase chain reaction targeting cytochrome oxidase subunit 3 (cox III) mitochondrial and the 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) genes for Theileria spp. Seventy-six positive samples (56 clinically healthy and 20 with clinical signs) for Theileria spp. were confirmed to be T. annulata by the merozoïtes surface antigen-1 (Tams1) gene showing a rate of 8.9 % in clinically healthy and 40.0 % in suspected cattle. Among the 307 bloods samples collected from healthy cattle in the humid area, 25 cattle (8.1 %) were positive for T. annulata. Of the 322 healthy cattle from the semi-arid site, 31 (9.6 %) were carriers of T. annulata DNA. In subclinical population, demographic and environmental parameters analysis indicated that T. annulata infection was higher in adult crossbred cattle raised in the intensive and semi-intensive system (P

This research work was undertaken to evaluate the physicochemical parameters of oil from the cherry kernel non-irradiated and irradiated at 3 and 6 kGy of gamma irradiation for two storage periods (0 and 12 months). The acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances value, iodine value, saponification value refractive index (peroxide value), and the color parameters of cherry kernel oils were determined. The results indicated that the extracted cherry kernel oils were liquid at room temperature with color varying from light yellow to deep red. The physicochemical properties of cherry kernel oils including acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, iodine value, saponification value, and refractive index values were 1.19 mg KOH g−1, 9.01 meq2 kg−1, 0.014 mg MDA kg−1, 99.48 KOH g−1 I2 100 g−1, 194.50 mg KOH g−1, and 1.472, respectively. Generally, gamma irradiation doses and storage time increased acid value, peroxide value, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, and refractive index value of cherry kernel oils, whereas no significant (p > 0.05) change due to irradiation was recorded in iodine value, saponification value, and in color parameter (L*, a*, b*, and ΔE values) of cherry kernel oils. However, the properties of cherry kernel oils revealed that the cherry kernel is a good source of oil which could be used for industrial purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The effects of COVID-19 on harmful traditional practices such Female Genital Mutilation/Cutting (FGM/C) and Child or Forced Marriages (CFM) have not been well documented. We examined respondents’ perceptions on how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected FGM/C and CFM in Kenya, Uganda, Senegal, and Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study design with a mixed methods approach was used. Data collection on participants’ perceptions on the effects of COVID-19 on FGM/C and CFM took place between October-December 2020. Household surveys targeting women and men aged 15–49 years in Kenya (n = 312), Uganda (n = 278), Ethiopia (n = 251), and Senegal (n = 208) were conducted. Thirty-eight key informant interviews with programme implementers and policymakers were carried out in Kenya (n = 17), Uganda (n = 9), Ethiopia (n = 8), and Senegal (n = 4). Results In Kenya, the COVID-19 pandemic has contributed to the increase in both FGM/C and CFM cases. Minimal increase of FGM/C cases was reported in Uganda and a significant increase in CFM cases. In Ethiopia, the COVID-19 pandemic had a limited perceived effect on changes in FGM/C and CFM. In Senegal, there were minimal perceived effects of COVID-19 on the number of FGM/C and CFM cases. The pandemic negatively affected implementation of interventions by the justice and legal system, the health system, and civil societies. Conclusions The pandemic has had varied perceived effects on FGM/C and CFM across the four countries. Generally, the pandemic has negatively affected implementation of interventions by the various sectors that are responsible for preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM. This calls for innovative approaches in intervening in the various communities to ensure that women and girls at risk of FGM/C and CFM or in need of services are reached during the pandemic. Evidence on how effective alternative approaches such as the use of call centres, radio talk shows and the use of local champions as part of risk communication in preventing and responding to FGM/C and CFM amid COVID-19 is urgently required.