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Seit dem Betreiben von Feuerstellen, quasi seit Menschengedenken, ist die Kohlenmonoxidvergiftung mit Todesfolge schleichende Gefahr. Bereits unsere Urväter haben uns vor dem frühen Verschluss der Ofenklappe gewarnt. Neu war dann mit dem Beginn der „Gasheizung“ die Gefahr durch das im Stadtgas enthaltene Kohlenmonoxid und so ist der Begriff „den Gashahn aufdrehen“ zu trauriger Berühmtheit gelangt. Die vorliegende Arbeit wertet die Cyanid- und Kohlenmonoxidbefunde bei Unfällen, Suiziden und Bränden durch Aufschlüsselung der Akten des Institutes für Rechtsmedizin der Charité an einem vorselektierten Sektionsgut aus. Zur Verfügung standen die Akten sämtlicher Obduktionen, die in den Jahren 2012 bis 2016 im Institut für Rechtsmedizin der Charité durchgeführt wurden (n = 5.012). 123 Fälle wurden als Grundgesamtheit für die weiteren Betrachtungen identifiziert. Die Auswertung orientierte sich am Stand der Wissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen zu ähnlichen Themen und an der speziellen Fragestellung. 1. Das Überwiegen des männlichen Geschlechts, sowie eine Häufung über alle Geschlechter in der mittleren Altersgruppe. Bei der Geschlechterverteilung waren eher jüngere Männer und ältere Frauen betroffen. Die Einordnung wurde für die Wohnungsbrände und die Querschnittsgruppe der Suizide vorgenommen. 2. Bei der Korrelation von Carboxyhämoglobin und Cyanid konnten insbesondere durch die Verwendung entsprechender Cluster aufgezeigt werden, dass die synergistischen Effekte der toxikologischen Mechanismen beider Gifte Einfluss auf den tödlichen Ausgang hatten. 3. Die Ergebnisse zur Vitalität bei Brandgeschehen zeigten eindeutige Abhängigkeiten der COHb-Werte zum Grad der Kontamination der Atemwege mit Rußpartikeln als Zeichen des Gelebthabens beim Brandereignis., Since the domestic use of fire, deadly carbon monoxide poisoning has been an ever-present danger. Our forefather, many generations back, already warned us about the early closure of the stove. With the introduction of gas heating, danger resulting from carbon monoxide containing city gas gave the expression “to turn on the gas tap” a sad famousness. This study analyses the cyanide and carbon monoxide related findings of accidents, suicide attempts and fires through the study of records of the Institute for Forensic Medicine of the Charité of samples of preselected postmortem examinations. Sample selection consisted of the files of all autopsies between the year 2012-2016 at the Institute Forensic Medicine of the Charité. Onehundredtwentythree cases were identified as the base of all further observations. The analysis was lead by studies concerning similar topics and the specific research question. 1. There was an excess of men and a peak in the middle age groups of both sexes. In regards to gender distribution, a predominance of rather young men and older women was noticed. The categorisation was implemented for the domestic fires and the averaged suicide groups. The results of the dominant age and sex distribution was explained by the higher alcohol and illicit drug use in young men and the multi-morbidity of older women. 2. The correlation of Carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and cyanide concentration could be demonstrated in respective clusters, which showed the synergistic effects of toxins’ mechanisms to result in death. 3. The results about vitality during fire events reflected the unambiguous dependences of the COHb measures and the findings of soot particles in the airways as indicators of the victim being alive during the fire. 4. The effect of alcohol on the victims of fire and their COHb measures as demonstrated by the investigations in respect to the sub-groups of ethanol concentrations was as followed: High blood alcohol concentrations correlated also with higher COHb values.

This study aims to compare long-term results of photoselective vaporization of the prostate (PVP) with an 80-W potassium titanyl phosphate (KTP) laser and monopolar transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) in terms of efficacy, durability, and safety in an adjusted patient population. This prospective, non-randomized bi-center study included 120 (PVP) and 68 (TURP) patients in each arm. Patients were evaluated at 60months of follow-up. Data from 30 (PVP) and 31 (TURP) patients were available for analysis. The primary outcome measurement was the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at 5years. Secondary outcome measurements included voiding symptoms (quality of life (QoL) score), micturition parameters (maximal flow rate, Q max), post-void residual (PVR) volume, prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value, and reoperation rate. At study inclusion, voiding symptoms and micturition parameters were comparable between both groups. Age, prostate volume, and the proportion of patients with platelet aggregation inhibition or oral anticoagulation were significantly higher in the PVP group. No significant difference could be detected between patients available at 60months and those lost to follow-up in terms of preoperative characteristics in either group. Sixty months postoperatively, the improvement of IPSS, QoL, Q max, and PVR volume showed no significant difference between both groups. PSA reduction was significantly higher after TURP. The reoperation rate due to urethral stricture (PVP, 13%; TURP, none), bladder neck contracture (PVP, 3%; TURP, none), and persisting or recurrent adenoma (PVP, 18%; TURP, 3%) was significantly higher after the 80-W PVP. Eighty-watt PVP leads to comparable functional outcomes to TURP. However, during a long-term follow-up, significantly more reoperations are necessary after PVP with the 80-W KTP laser, suggesting inferior tissue ablation capacity of the 80-W KTP laser.