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Throughout the nineteenth and twentieth centuries, the majority of experiments with complementary currencies occurred during periods of crisis and economic instability. During these times, individuals turned to such currencies primarily for their protective functions. It is noteworthy that discussions about alternative currencies often emphasize the ethical and political dimensions of the phenomenon. Economists often categorize them as "forms of modern monetary competition" and tools contributing to the establishment of alternative currencies, fostering what is termed as economic democracy. This subject is inherently controversial, raising sensitive issues such as local economic patriotism. One crucial aspect that emerges in the exploration of alternative currencies is the requirement for trust. Building trust among users is challenging but essential for the establishment of an extensive network.

Purpose: This paper aims to emphasize how economics courses offered at higher education institutions can influence sustainable development, in general, and Romania's sustainable development, in particular. Design/methodology/approach: The conclusions are based on a pilot questionnaire conducted by the authors on the level of Romanian students enrolled in public and private economic faculties. The results were based on a sample of 1,250 respondents -- students, master and PhD -- from the economic faculties of some prestigious Romanian universities. To identify differences between some groups, "t"-test analysis and ANOVA were conducted. Findings: Education is an important pillar for ensuring sustainable development because through education, people understand and learn how to become more responsible toward the environment. Studies conducted in the twenty-first century are showing a direct link between the investment in education and economic, social and human development. The present study revealed that the economic higher education system in Romania has started with small steps to adapt to the environmental requirements. Unfortunately, the efforts still required to be made are significant, since it is observed that all undergraduate, postgraduate and PhD require a change of attitude and mentality. Romanian public universities are more involved than private universities in the implementation of programs, projects, debates and courses on sustainable development and students' reactions are positive. Originality/value: This paper provides useful insights, allowing a better understanding of the role of universities in fostering sustainable development. This research is useful to find solutions for developing education for sustainable development in Romania and it can be a starting point for ESD programs and policies.

Culture is one of those terms that are difficult to express distinctly, but everyone knows it when they sense it. Many articles have been written in recent years about corporate culture, which can be looked at as a system. Inputs include feedback from society, professions, laws, stories, heroes, values on competition or service, etc. Outputs are organizational behaviors, technologies, strategies, image, products, services, appearance, etc. Most organizations don't consciously try to create a certain culture, as it is typically created unconsciously, based on the values of the top management or the founders of an organization. In this paper we try to see whether corporate culture has any influence on competition and if it has, whether it is a positive one or a negative one.

Starting from selfknowing and the law of correspondence (the behaviour from the outside of one person is the reflection of its inside feelings) the authors try to define the meaning of proactivity. It is underlined that as we have the quality to be human beings we are responsible for our lives. The proactive persons do not blame the environment or the circumstances to justify their behaviour. As it was implanted in the literature of management, the meaning of proactivity is based on initiative, on responsibilities and actions; this gives priority to values in front of any feelings.

Byline: Angela Rogojanu, Diana Mihaela Pociovalisteanu, Liana Badea A market economy cannot exist without competition, which represents a guarantee for a free game of the market forces and for building an economic environment able to cope with competitive pressures of the global market. Thus, the legislative framework in the competition field is essential for strengthening the private sector as an engine of growth and development and for prohibiting any restrictive practices by undertakings, which may be shaped as agreements or abuse of dominant position. Starting from such aspects, this paper aims to emphasise the role of the competition in a globalised world.

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Undeclared work exists for a long time and does not represent an exception. People have been working over decades in order to gain the money necessary to a decent living. Some of them are choosing to work legally; some decide not to pay taxes. The reasons are different and hard to judge. During the time, the attempts to remove the undeclared work were multiple, but the results were never the expected ones. At the present, this phenomenon levels are quite important and it seems almost impossible to eradicate it. Starting from classical factors influencing undeclared work perpetuation, from the advantages and disadvantages it brings, this paper aims to emphasize the perception of young people in our country on this phenomenon. The paper starts from the premise that young people are those who in the future will carry forward the cultural, economic, social heritage and therefore if we want to eradicate undeclared work, it is necessary to understand how it is perceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Migration is one of the oldest phenomena that accompanied the development of human society, sometimes causing clashes between peoples, cultures and civilizations. Recent events or from a not too distant past of Europe show that tensions created by migratory movements often have an impact on political and economic relations between countries, cultures and religions. The Romanian reality shows that after 1989 the resident population experienced a decline. According to the National Institute of Statistics, in the period 1989-2012, Romania's population decreased by about 3.1 million, this reduction being due to both migration phenomenon and negative natural increase of population. Some statistic records also show that the extremes are usually among those who decide to emigrate. On the one hand those who are choosing this path are individuals with low income and a low or medium level of education; on the other hand, we can find the phenomenon of brain drain. It is alarming that among those who choose to emigrate are registered young people able to work, this generating the problem of funding on medium and long term the social services. Starting from such aspects, this paper aims to highlight key issues regarding the intention of emigration of highly educated young people. Using quantitative and qualitative methods the authors of this paper aim to identify some possible causes that may determine the highly educated youth to emigrate, evaluate some possible effects due to this phenomenon and to find proposals to limit the negative effects of demographic decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The last half-century was marked by an academic revolution, which brought unprecedented changes in terms of application and diversity. Understanding the ongoing and dynamic process is not an easy task, but is extremely important, especially when you are in the midst of the changes it brings. Currently, scientists believe that higher education systems are facing a lot of changes and many are starting to question the functionality of these systems. Starting from the current economic context and from the controversies existing in the academic environment concerning the functionality of the higher education system, this paper aims to emphasize the features of the functionality of a higher education system. The paper scope is also to underline some of the problems affecting the functionality of the higher education system, staring form the access to the system and finishing with the connection existing between the labour market and the output of the universities functioning inside the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Workforce migration is a phenomenon that has grown over the past 20 years the European Union. Regarding our country, the prevalence of emigration phenomenon holds. This paper aims to realize a study concerning some aspects of the labour market in Romania. We started from the fact that a part of the workforce educated in our country emigrates in order to find a better paying job and a better life. Emigration has positive effects in economic, social and cultural area as well as negative effects for instance on the labour market in the country of origin; it may produce unbalances in the parent-child relationships and it also may create a labuor shortage in some sectors of the economy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficiency in the economy is not, as it might seem, independent on the moral behaviour of those who take part in the economic game. The interest for ethics is justified, mostly, by the perenniality of the declared aim of the economic action -- welfare. The mixture, sometimes difficult to be arranged between the aim and the means, raises the doubt, lack of confidence and free arbiter. The whole mankind is for sure going through a moral crisis, characterized by a severe moral disagreement of the responsibility taken by the individuals in the society. Looking for the agreement, some may notice the importance given not only to rules and clear regulations -- laws can make "wonders", but not when we mention people's feelings -- but also to the identification of some moral principles to cover the real "black holes" of human behaviour. In all this historical flow related to the making up of the economist's identity some questions related to the necessity and opportunity of the behaviour rules show up as related to the business environment (people and institutions) dominated by the capital: Did the capitalism turn up due to the greedy and despotic behaviour of people? Did a whole system, recognized to be the most efficient, come up and build its grandioseness because some people had no longer a God? Does capitalism have a special ethics, which conserves the cultural inheritance and the intellectual traditions generating trust in the system? We shall try to elucidate these issues by using the most significant moral principles taught by the business environment, such as Freedom, Responsibility, Trust, Loyalty, Reputation, and Prestige. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years tourism industry has become an area of high importance in the European economy, the rate of job creation in this sector exceeded the overall average in the EU. For these reasons it is considered that the tourist industry has an important role in achieving the objectives set by the European Commission under Agenda 2020. With a significant tourism potential, Romania could implement a strategy for economic recovery in the tourism and economic activities to support local economic development adjacent to significant regional effects propagated. To assess the potential economic recovery of the Romanian tourism research the authors conducted a survey based on about one of the most valuable tourist areas of Romani -Bucovina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Into the 21st century, the meaning of prosperity has gone beyond material wealth. Many of the economists asks themselves what prosperity really means, as it is a problem studied from many years and it does not have an unique and general accepted definition. As Indira Gandhi said: "Freedom is indivisible …peace is indivisible …economic prosperity is indivisible", we can say that the issue is still of interest and in the same time it is controversial. Starting from such aspects, this paper aims to emphasize some different approaches of the concept of prosperity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]