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Penelitian ini merupakan rangkaian dari bentuk pengabdian kepada masyarakat yang berbentuk Kuliah Kerja Nyata. Pengabdian ini dilakukan di Desa Gelangkulon Kecamatan Sampung Kabupaten Ponorogo. Tujuan kegiatan ini adalah mengubah kebiasaan masyarakat yang biasa menggunakan pupuk kimia yang membahayakan untuk lingkungan. Adapun cara yang dilakukan adalah dengan menggantikan pupuk tersebut dengan pupuk organic yang berasal dari urine sapi dan nabati lainnya. Proses ini mempunyai bahan dasar yaitu limbah urine sapi yang difermentasikan Bersama bahan lainnya seperti jahe, kunyit, lengkuas dan sebagainya. Dengan kegiatan ini mampu memahami kepada masyarakat khususnya petani dan peternak yang saling bersinambung dalam proses pembuatan pupuk organik yang ramah lingkungan. Dengan adanya jalan alternatif ini diharapkan kelompok tani serta masyarakat tidak perlu mengeluarkan biaya yang tinggi untuk membeli pupuk yang bersifat alami. This research is a series of community service in the form of Real Work Lectures. This service was carried out in Gelangkulon Village, Sampung District, Ponorogo Regency. The purpose of this activity is to change the habits of people who are used to using chemical fertilizers that are harmful to the environment. The method used is to replace these fertilizers with organic fertilizers derived from cow urine and other plants. This process has a basic ingredient, namely cow urine waste which is fermented with other ingredients such as ginger, turmeric, galangal and so on. This activity is able to understand the community, especially farmers and breeders who are interconnected in the process of making environmentally friendly organic fertilizers. With this alternative path, it is hoped that farmer groups and communities will not need to pay high costs to buy natural fertilizers.

The present study provides the first record species of the genus LithobiusLeach, 1814, L. ferganensis(Trotzina, 1894) which was collected from the middle of Iraq. A detailed explanation of the morphology and the diagnostic characters of specimens of both sexes is provided

Direct-seeding rapeseed production at high plant density raises the risk of lodging. We investigated the use of dwarf genes to improve rapeseed plant architecture to balance yield and lodging. Three genotypes with different plant architectures (dwarf scaHS5, semi-dwarf +/scaHS5, and tall HS5) were evaluated under varying nitrogen rates (N1, N2, and N3: 120,240, and 360 kg N ha-1) and plant densities (D1, D2, and D3: 15,45, and 75 plants m-2) from 2019 to 2022. The results showed that increasing N rate positively influenced yield while decreasing lodging resistance in all genotypes. Increasing plant density (D2-D3) enhanced lodging resistance and yield in scaHS5 and +/scaHS5, but reduced yield in HS5. Compared to the two parents, +/scaHS5 exhibited moderate expressions of IAA3, GH3.15, and SAUR30 in stems under N2D3, resulting in reduced plant height and increased compactness. Additionally, +/scaHS5 had a thicker silique layer than HS5 by 14.7%, and it had a significant correlation between branch height/angle and yield. Increasing N rate led to increased lignin and pectin contents, while cellulose content decreased. Increasing plant density resulted in greater stem cellulose content and CSLA3/7 expression in scaHS5 and +/scaHS5, but decreased in HS5. Compared to HS5, +/scaHS5 exhibited higher expressions of ARAD1 and GAUT4, along with a 51.1% increase in pectin content, leading to improved lodging resistance under N2D3. Consequently, +/scaHS5 showed a 46.4% higher yield and 38.9% lodging resistance than HS5 under N2D3, while scaHS5 demonstrated strong lodging resistance but lower yield potential. Overall, this study underscores the potential of utilizing auxin dwarf genes to optimize the trade-off between yield and lodging resistance in rapeseed and the possibility of maximizing yield potential by optimizing the plant architecture of +/scaHS5 through nitrogen reduction and dense planting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jābir bin Yazīd Ju'fī, a famous, virtuous, honored, and trusted follower and companion of Imams Bāqir and Sādiq (as) in the second half of the first century and the first half of the second century, has always been considered by Sunnis due to his narrations of Sunni Sheikhs. Although some Sunni scholars have praised him, most of them have weakened and blamed him in their Rijāl books, of which the lying and, subsequently, the fabricating accusation against Jābir are mostly seen among their opinions. Basically, their reasons for such an accusation are as follows: his belief in return (raj'at), his claim of reading tens of thousands of narrations by heart, his narration of the virtues of Ahl al-Bayt (as), and his narration of hadith such as Fadakīyah's Sermon, which was not pleasing to the followers of the Caliphs and Umayyads. This research aims to investigate and criticize these reasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the specimens of land snails Polygyra cereolus (Megerle von Mühlfeldt, 1818)(Gastropoda, Stylommatophora, Polygyridae)are collected between March and April 2021 from gardens and nurseries in Baghdad province, this species was recorded as a new record to Iraq molluscan fauna.Description of the most important characteristics, measurements of the shell are presented with digital photographs, subsequently this study represents the first record of the Polygyridae in Iraq.

Background: Frailty can be described as a clinical state of practical reserve decline related to ageing. Slowness, fragile, fatigue, and low performance are incorporated and affect the fulfilment of effective tasks negatively. Both under and overweight could lead to a frailty dilemma. It is well known that serum albumin is the most considerable serum protein and is used as an indication of nutritional status. Many studies revealed that hypoalbuminemia was related to higher frailty scores. The universal prevalence of frailty among the elderly population varies between 4% and 59.1%Objective: Assessment of the effect of serum albumin on frailty score among patients who are attending primary health care centres. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary health care centre in Babil governorate/Iraq. A convenient sample of 71 old patients attending the primary health care centre. Selected patients of either sex were included and any old patients 60 yrs. old and above (male or female) were included, whereas, anyone below 60 yrs. old were excluded. The Socio-demographic characteristics of the patients (name, age, gender, residence, marital status, occupation, and level of education), and anthropometric measurements (weight, height, body mass index) were analyzed in this study. Frailty score was measured by using (rockwood_cfs) for each patient. P_value of ≤0.05 was considered significant. Results: Sociodemographic characteristics showed that frailty score was higher among the age group between 60 to 69 years with a mean age of 67.10 ± 6.75 yrs (P = 0.000). Male gender, urban residence, married, housewife group and primary education showed the highest proportion among the study group patients. Overweight and obesity comprised 33.8% and 50.7% respectively. Our study demonstrated that weight was significantly associated with frailty score (P = 0.031). physical activity was not statistically significant in association with the frailty score. Serum albumin levels of the study group patients was a statistically significant association with frailty scores, where the highest proportion of high frailty scores was among those with low serum albumin levels (P = 0.047). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: One of the most frequent causes of anal discomfort and pain is fissure in ano in which there is a linear tear in the squamous epithelium that lines the anal canal at location distal to dentate line. The disease is encountered in both male and female gender and no age is immune particularly middle age and young age. Little is known about the prevalence rate and clinical presentation in our community of Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. Aim of the Study: The current study was aiming at identifying the prevalence and clinical Presentation of Fissure-in-Ano in a Private Surgical Clinic in Al-Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. Patients and Method: The current cross sectional study was carried out at a private surgical clinic in Al- Diwaniyah Province, Iraq. The study duration extended from January the 2nd 2019 to December the 31st 2019.During this period patients with an age between 20-60 years were enrolled based on their clinical presentation of an anorectal problem. Any patient with previous anal surgery, with malignant disorder, pregnancy or lactation was excluded from the study. All enrolled patients were examined by digital rectal examination and proctoscopic examination. Sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy were done as required. Result: The study included a total of 314 patients with anorectal complaint of whom 78 patients had fissure in ano making the prevalence rate as 24.8 %. Those patients with anal fissure were categorized into 57 (73.1%) males and 21 (26.9%) females. Most patients were between 31-40 years of age and the mean age of all patients was 34.98±7.81 years and the range was 20-60 years. Most of fissures were located in the posterior midline location and the minority of them was seen in an anterior midline location. The majority of patients had acute disease and the minority of them had chronic disease with some having sentinel pile. Conclusion: It has been shown therefore, that anal fissure is a common problem in our community and that young age and middle age men are the target of majority of cases. The clinical features vary according to age and gender [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]