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1. Do fast foods cause asthma, rhinoconjunctivitis and eczema? Global findings from the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) Phase Three

Author

Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, M Innes, García-Marcos, Luis, Williams, Hywel, Keil, Ulrich, Robertson, Colin, Nagel, Gabriele, Aït-Khaled, N, Anderson, H R, Asher, M I, Beasley, R, Björkstén, B, Brunekreef, B, Crane, J, Ellwood, P, Flohr, C, Foliaki, S, Forastiere, F, García-Marcos, L, Keil, U, Lai, C K W, Mallol, J, Mitchell, E A, Montefort, S, Odhiambo, J, Pearce, N, Robertson, C F, Stewart, A W, Strachan, D, von Mutius, E, Weiland, S K, Weinmayr, G, Williams, H, Wong, G, Asher, M I, Clayton, T O, Ellwood, E, Ellwood, P, Mitchell, E A, Stewart, A W, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Gómez, M, Howitt, M E, Weyler, J, Pinto-Vargas, R, Cunha, A J L A, de Freitas Souza, L, Kuaban, C, Ferguson, A, Rennie, D, Aguilar, P, Amarales, L, Benavides, L A V, Contreras, A, Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O, Li Pan, Q, Zhong, N-S, Aristizábal, G, Cepeda, A M, Ordoñez, G A, Koffi, B N, Bustos, C, Riikjärv, M-A, Melaku, K, Saʼaga-Banuve, R, Pekkanen, J, Vlaski, E, Hypolite, I E, Wong, G, Novák, Z, Zsigmond, G, Awasthi, S, Sabir, M, Sharma, S K, Singh, V, Suresh Babu, P S, Kartasasmita, C B, Konthen, P, Suprihati, W, Masjedi, M-R, Steriu, A, Odajima, H, al-Momen, J A, Imanalieva, C, Kudzyte, J, Quah, B S, Teh, K H, Baeza-Bacab, M, Barragán-Meijueiro, M, Del-Río-Navarro, B E, García-Almaráz, R, González-Díaz, S N, Linares-Zapién, F J, Merida-Palacio, J V, Ramírez-Chanona, N, Romero-Tapia, S, Romieu, I, Bouayad, Z, Asher, M I, MacKay, R, Moyes, C, Pattemore, P, Pearce, N, Onadeko, B O, Cukier, G, Chiarella, P, Cua-Lim, F, Brêborowicz, A, Lis, G, Câmara, R, Lopes dos Santos, J M, Nunes, C, Rosado Pinto, J, Fuimaono, P, Goh, D Y T, Zar, H J, Lee, H-B, Blanco-Quirós, A, Busquets, R M, Carvajal-Urueña, I, García-Hernández, G, García-Marcos, L, González Díaz, C, López-Silvarrey Varela, A, Morales Suárez-Varela, M M, Pérez-Yarza, E G, Al-Rawas, O, Mohammad, S, Mohammad, Y, Tabbah, K, Huang, J-L, Kao, C-C, Trakultivakorn, M, Vichyanond, P, Iosefa, T, Windom, H H, Burr, M, Strachan, D, Holgado, D, Lapides, M C, Aldrey, O, Sears, M, Aguirre, V, Mallol, J, Lai, C K W, Shah, J, Baratawidjaja, K, Anderson, H R, Nishima, S, and Lee, B-W

Published
2013
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2. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): Achievements in 10 years and future needs

Author

Bousquet, J., Schünemann, H. J., Samolinski, B., Demoly, P., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bachert, C., Bonini, S., Boulet, L. P., Bousquet, P. J., Brozek, J. L., Canonica, G. W., Casale, T. B., Cruz, A. A., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J. A., van Wijk, Gerth R., Grouse, L., Haahtela, T., Khaltaev, N., Kuna, P., Lockey, R. F., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Mullol, J., Naclerio, R., OʼHehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Palkonen, S., Papadopoulos, N. G., Passalacqua, G., Pawankar, R., Price, D., Ryan, D., Simons, F. E.R., Togias, A., Williams, D., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Aberer, W., Adachi, M., Agache, I., Aït-Khaled, N., Akdis, C. A., Andrianarisoa, A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Ansotegui, I. J., Baiardini, I., Bateman, E. D., Bedbrook, A., Beghé, B., Beji, M., Bel, E. H., Ben Kheder, A., Bennoor, K. S., Bergmann, K. C., Berrissoul, F., Bieber, T., Bindslev Jensen, C., Blaiss, M. S., Boner, A. L., Bouchard, J., Braido, F., Brightling, C. E., Bush, A., Caballero, F., Calderon, M. A., Calvo, M. A., Camargos, P. A.M., Caraballo, L. R., Carlsen, K. H., Carr, W., Cepeda, A. M., Cesario, A., Chavannes, N. H., Chen, Y. Z., Chiriac, A. M., Chivato Pérez, T., Chkhartishvili, E., Ciprandi, G., Costa, D. J., Cox, L., Custovic, A., Dahl, R., Darsow, U., De Blay, F., Deleanu, D., Denburg, J. A., Devillier, P., Didi, T., Dokic, D., Dolen, W. K., Douagui, H., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S. R., Dykewicz, M. S., El-Gamal, Y., El-Meziane, A., Emuzyte, R., Fiocchi, A., Fletcher, M., Fukuda, T., Gamkrelidze, A., Gereda, J. E., González Diaz, S., Gotua, M., Guzmán, M. A., Hellings, P. W., Hellquist-Dahl, B., Horak, F., Hourihane, Oʼ B.J., Howarth, P., Humbert, M., Ivancevich, J. C., Jackson, C., Just, J., Kalayci, O., Kaliner, M. A., Kalyoncu, A. F., Keil, T., Keith, P. K., Khayat, G., Kim, Y. Y., Koffi NʼGoran, B., Koppelman, G. H., Kowalski, M. L., Kull, I., Kvedariene, V., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Le, L. T., Lemière, C., Li, J., Lieberman, P., Lipworth, B., Mahboub, B., Makela, M. J., Martin, F., Marshall, G. D., Martinez, F. D., Masjedi, M. R., Maurer, M., Mavale-Manuel, S., Mazon, A., Melen, E., Meltzer, E. O., Mendez, N. H., Merk, H., Mihaltan, F., Mohammad, Y., Morais-Almeida, M., Muraro, A., Nafti, S., Namazova-Baranova, L., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Niggemann, B., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Nyembue, T. D., Okamoto, Y., Okubo, K., Orru, M. P., Ouedraogo, S., Ozdemir, C., Panzner, P., Pali-Schöll, I., Park, H. S., Pigearias, B., Pohl, W., Popov, T. A., Postma, D. S., Potter, P., Rabe, K. F., Ratomaharo, J., Reitamo, S., Ring, J., Roberts, R., Rogala, B., Romano, A., Roman Rodriguez, M., Rosado-Pinto, J., Rosenwasser, L., Rottem, M., Sanchez-Borges, M., Scadding, G. K., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Sheikh, A., Sisul, J. C., Solé, D., Sooronbaev, T., Spicak, V., Spranger, O., Stein, R. T., Stoloff, S. W., Sunyer, J., Szczeklik, A., Todo-Bom, A., Toskala, E., Tremblay, Y., Valenta, R., Valero, A. L., Valeyre, D., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., Van Cauwenberge, P., Vandenplas, O., van Weel, C., Vichyanond, P., Viegi, G., Wang, D. Y., Wickman, M., Wöhrl, S., Wright, J., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, P. K., Zar, H. J., Zernotti, M. E., Zhong, N., Zidarn, M., and Zuberbier, T.

Published
2012
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3. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens

Author

Bousquet, J., Heinzerling, L., Bachert, C., Papadopoulos, N. G., Bousquet, P. J., Burney, P. G., Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K. H., Cox, L., Haahtela, T., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Price, D., Samolinski, B., Simons, F. E. R., Wickman, M., Annesi-Maesano, I., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bergmann, K. C., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Casale, T. B., Chiriac, A., Cruz, A. A., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S. R., Fokkens, W. J., Gerth-van-Wijk, R., Kalayci, O., Kowalski, M. L., Mari, A., Mullol, J., Nazamova-Baranova, L., OʼHehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Panzner, P., Passalacqua, G., Ring, J., Rogala, B., Romano, A., Ryan, D., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Todo-Bom, A., Valenta, R., Woehrl, S., Yusuf, O. M., Zuberbier, T., and Demoly, P.

Published
2012
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4. How to design and evaluate randomized controlled trials in immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: an ARIA-GA2LEN statement

Author

Bousquet, J., Schünemann, H. J., Bousquet, P. J., Bachert, C., Canonica, G. W., Casale, T. B., Demoly, P., Durham, S., Carlsen, K.-H., Malling, H.-J., Passalacqua, G., Simons, F. E. R., Anto, J., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bergmann, K.-C., Bieber, T., Briggs, A. H., Brozek, J., Calderon, M. A., Dahl, R., Devillier, P., Gerth van Wijk, R., Howarth, P., Larenas, D., Papadopoulos, N. G., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., and Zuberbier, T.

Published
2011
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5. Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper

Author

Bousquet, J., Schünemann, H. J., Zuberbier, T., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bousquet, P. J., Brozek, J., Canonica, G. W., Casale, T. B., Demoly, P., Gerth van Wijk, R., Ohta, K., Bateman, E. D., Calderon, M., Cruz, A. A., Dolen, W. K., Haughney, J., Lockey, R. F., Lötvall, J., OʼByrne, P., Spranger, O., Togias, A., Bonini, S., Boulet, L. P., Camargos, P., Carlsen, K. H., Chavannes, N. H., Delgado, L., Durham, S. R., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J., Haahtela, T., Kalayci, O., Kowalski, M. L., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Li, J., Mohammad, Y., Mullol, J., Naclerio, R., OʼHehir, R. E., Papadopoulos, N., Passalacqua, G., Rabe, K. F., Pawankar, R., Ryan, D., Samolinski, B., Simons, F. E. R., Valovirta, E., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Agache, I., Aït-Khaled, N., Annesi-Maesano, I., Beghe, B., Ben Kheder, A., Blaiss, M. S., Boakye, D. A., Bouchard, J., Burney, P. G., Busse, W. W., Chan-Yeung, M., Chen, Y., Chuchalin, A. G., Costa, D. J., Custovic, A., Dahl, R., Denburg, J., Douagui, H., Emuzyte, R., Grouse, L., Humbert, M., Jackson, C., Johnston, S. L., Kaliner, M. A., Keith, P. K., Kim, Y. Y., Klossek, J. M., Kuna, P., Le, L. T., Lemiere, C., Lipworth, B., Mahboub, B., Malo, J. L., Marshall, G. D., Mavale-Manuel, S., Meltzer, E. O., Morais-Almeida, M., Motala, C., Naspitz, C., Nekam, K., Niggemann, B., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Okamoto, Y., Orru, M. P., Ouedraogo, S., Palkonen, S., Popov, T. A., Price, D., Rosado-Pinto, J., Scadding, G. K., Sooronbaev, T. M., Stoloff, S. W., Toskala, E., van Cauwenberge, P., Vandenplas, O., van Weel, C., Viegi, G., Virchow, J. C., Wang, D. Y., Wickman, M., Williams, D., Yawn, B. P., Zar, H. J., Zernotti, M., and Zhong, N.

Published
2010
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7. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 Update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA2LEN and AllerGen)

Author

Bousquet, J., Khaltaev, N., Cruz, A. A., Denburg, J., Fokkens, W. J., Togias, A., Zuberbier, T., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Canonica, G. W., van Weel, C., Agache, I., Aït-Khaled, N., Bachert, C., Blaiss, M. S., Bonini, S., Boulet, L.-P., Bousquet, P.-J., Camargos, P., Carlsen, K.-H., Chen, Y., Custovic, A., Dahl, R., Demoly, P., Douagui, H., Durham, S. R., van Wijk, R. Gerth, Kalayci, O., Kaliner, M. A., Kim, Y.-Y., Kowalski, M. L., Kuna, P., Le, L. T. T., Lemiere, C., Li, J., Lockey, R. F., Mavale-Manuel, S., Meltzer, E. O., Mohammad, Y., Mullol, J., Naclerio, R., OʼHehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Ouedraogo, S., Palkonen, S., Papadopoulos, N., Passalacqua, G., Pawankar, R., Popov, T. A., Rabe, K. F., Rosado-Pinto, J., Scadding, G. K., Simons, F. E. R., Toskala, E., Valovirta, E., van Cauwenberge, P., Wang, D.-Y., Wickman, M., Yawn, B. P., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H., Annesi-Maesano, I., Bateman, E. D., Kheder, A. Ben, Boakye, D. A., Bouchard, J., Burney, P., Busse, W. W., Chan-Yeung, M., Chavannes, N. H., Chuchalin, A., Dolen, W. K., Emuzyte, R., Grouse, L., Humbert, M., Jackson, C., Johnston, S. L., Keith, P. K., Kemp, J. P., Klossek, J.-M., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Lipworth, B., Malo, J.-L., Marshall, G. D., Naspitz, C., Nekam, K., Niggemann, B., Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E., Okamoto, Y., Orru, M. P., Potter, P., Price, D., Stoloff, S. W., Vandenplas, O., Viegi, G., and Williams, D.

Published
2008

11. Pharmacologic and anti-IgE treatment of allergic rhinitis ARIA update (in collaboration with GA2LEN)

Author

Bousquet, J., van Cauwenberge, P., Aït Khaled, N., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bouchard, J., Bunnag, C., Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K.-H., Chen, Y.-Z., Cruz, A. A., Custovic, A., Demoly, P., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S., Fokkens, W., Howarth, P., Kemp, J., Kowalski, M. L., Kvedariene, V., Lipworth, B., Lockey, R., Lund, V., Mavale-Manuel, S., Meltzer, E. O., Mullol, J., Naclerio, R., Nekam, K., Ohta, K., Papadopoulos, N., Passalacqua, G., Pawankar, R., Popov, T., Potter, P., Price, D., Scadding, G., Simons, F. E. R., Spicak, V., Valovirta, E., Wang, D.-Y., Yawn, B., and Yusuf, O.

Published
2006

15. A new CD154 mutation

Author

Serra, H. M., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Mariani, A L., Martin, A., Garip, E. A., and Pesoa, S. A.

Published
2001

17. Are environmental factors for atopic eczema in ISAAC phase three due to reverse causation?

Author

Rutter, Charlotte E., Silverwood, Richard J., Williams, Hywel C., Ellwood, Philippa, Asher, Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, Langan, Sinead M., Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Asher, M., I, Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C. K. W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E. A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C. F., Stewart, A. W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S. K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H. C., Wong, G., Clayton, T. O., Ellwood, E., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Gomez, M., Howitt, M. E., Weyler, Joost J., Pinto-Vargas, R., da Cunha, A. J., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L. A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O., Pan, Q. Li, Zhong, N. S., Aristizabal, G., Cepeda, A. M., Ordonez, G. A., Bustos, C., Riikjarv, M-A, Melaku, K., Sa'aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I. E., Novak, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N. M., Jain, K. C., Joshi, M. K., Khatav, V. A., Mantri, S. N., Pherwani, A., V, Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S. K., Singh, V, Sukumaran, T., Babu, P. S. Suresh, Kartasasmita, C. B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M. R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B. N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J. A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B. S., Teh, K. H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragan-Meijueiro, M., Del-Rio-Navarro, B. E., Garcia-Almaraz, R., Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Linares-Zapien, F. J., Merida-Palacio, J., V, Ramirez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I, Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B. O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Breborowicz, A., Sole, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V, Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C. K., Lee, B. W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., and ISAAC Phase Three Study Grp

Subjects
Human medicine
Abstract

Some previously described environmental associations for atopic eczema may be due to reverse causation. We explored the role of reverse causation by comparing individual-and school-level results for multiple atopic eczema risk factors. The International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (i.e, ISAAC) Phase Three surveyed children in schools (the sampling unit) regarding atopic eczema symptoms and potential risk factors. We assessed the effect of these risk factors on atopic eczema symptoms using mixed-effect logistic regression models, first with individual-level exposure data and second with school-level exposure prevalence. Overall, 546,348 children from 53 countries were included. At ages 6-7 years, the strongest individual-level associations were with current paracetamol use (odds ratio [OR] = 1.45, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.37-1.54), which persisted at school-level (OR = 1.55, 95% CI = 1.10-2.21), early-life antibiotics (OR = 1.41, 95% CI = 1.34-1.48), and early-life paracetamol use (OR = 1.28, 95% CI = 1.21-1.36), with the former persisting at the school level, whereas the latter was no longer observed (OR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.00-1.82 and OR = 0.94, 95% CI = 0.69-1.28, respectively). At ages 13-14 years, the strongest associations at the individual level were with current paracetamol use (OR = 1.57, 95% CI = 1.51-1.63) and open-fire cooking (OR = 1.46, 95% CI = 1.33-1.62); both were stronger at the school level (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.84-3.59 and OR = 2.38, 95% CI = 1.52-3.73, respectively). Association with exposure to heavy traffic (OR = 1.31, 95% CI = 1.27-1.36) also persisted at the school level (OR = 1.40, 95% CI = 1.07-1.82). Most individual-and school-level effects were consistent, tending to exclude reverse causation.

Published
2019

18. Are environmental risk factors for current wheeze in the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase three due to reverse causation?

Author

Silverwood, Richard J., Rutter, Charlotte E., Mitchell, Edwin A., Asher, M. Innes, Garcia-Marcos, Luis, Strachan, David P., Pearce, Neil, Ait-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Asher, M. I., Beasley, R., Bjorksten, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Ellwood, P., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., Garcia-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C. K. W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E. A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C. F., Stewart, A. W., Strachan, D., von Mutius, E., Weiland, S. K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H. C., Wong, G., Clayton, T. O., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Gomez, M., Howitt, M. E., Weyler, Joost J., Pinto-Vargas, R., da Cunha, A. J., de Freitas Souza, L., Kuaban, C., Ferguson, A., Rennie, D., Standring, P., Aguilar, P., Amarales, L., Benavides, L. A., Contreras, A., Chen, Y-Z, Kunii, O., Pan, Li, Zhong, N. S., Aristizabal, G., Cepeda, A. M., Ordonez, G. A., Bustos, C., Riikjarv, M-A, Melaku, K., Sa'aga-Banuve, R., Pekkanen, J., Hypolite, I. E., Novak, Z., Zsigmond, G., Awasthi, S., Bhave, S., Hanumante, N. M., Jain, K. C., Joshi, M. K., Khatav, V. A., Mantri, S. N., Pherwani, A. V., Rego, S., Sabir, M., Salvi, S., Setty, G., Sharma, S. K., Singh, V., Sukumaran, T., Babu, P. S. Suresh, Kartasasmita, C. B., Konthen, P., Suprihati, W., Masjedi, M. R., Steriu, A., Koffi, B. N., Odajima, H., al-Momen, J. A., Imanalieva, C., Kudzyte, J., Quah, B. S., Teh, K. H., Baeza-Bacab, M., Barragan-Meijueiro, M., Del-Rio-Navarro, B. E., Garcia-Almaraz, R., Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Linares-Zapien, F. J., Merida-Palacio, J. V., Ramirez-Chanona, N., Romero-Tapia, S., Romieu, I., Bouayad, Z., MacKay, R., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Onadeko, B. O., Cukier, G., Chiarella, P., Cua-Lim, F., Breborowicz, A., Lis, G., Camara, R., Chiera, M. L., Lopes dos Santos, J. M., Nunes, C., Pinto, J. Rosado, Vlaski, E., Fuimaono, P., Pisi, V., Goh, D. Y., Zar, H. J., Lee, H. B., Blanco-Quiros, A., Busquets, R. M., Carvajal-Uruena, I., Garcia-Hernandez, G., Gonzalez Diaz, C., Lopez-Silvarrey, A., Morales-Suarez-Varela, M., Perez-Yarza, E. G., Musa, O. A., Al-Rawas, O., Mohammad, S., Mohammad, Y., Tabbah, K., Huang, J. L., Kao, C. C., Trakultivakorn, M., Vichyanond, P., Iosefa, T., Burr, M., Holgado, D., Lapides, M. C., Windom, H. H., Aldrey, O., Sole, D., Sears, M., Aguirre, V., Barba, S., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., de Bruyne, J., Tuuau-Potoi, N., Lai, C. K., Lee, B. W., El Sony, A., Anderson, R., ISAAC Phase Three Study Grp, ISAAC Int Data Ctr, ISAAC Principal Investigators, and ISAAC Natl Coordinators Not

Subjects
Human medicine
Abstract

Background: Phase Three of the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) measured the global prevalence of symptoms of asthma in children. We undertook comprehensive analyses addressing risk factors for asthma symptoms in combination, at both the individual and the school level, to explore the potential role of reverse causation due to selective avoidance or confounding by indication. Objective: To explore the role of reverse causation in risk factors of asthma symptoms. Methods: We compared two sets of multilevel logistic regression analyses, using (a) individual level exposure data and (b) school level average exposure (ie prevalence), in two different age groups. In individual level analyses, reverse causation is a possible concern if individual level exposure statuses were changed as a result of asthma symptoms or diagnosis. School level analyses may suffer from ecologic confounding, but reverse causation is less of a concern because individual changes in exposure status as a result of asthma symptoms would only have a small effect on overall school exposure levels. Results: There were 131 924 children aged 6-7 years (2428 schools, 25 countries) with complete exposure, outcome and confounder data. The strongest associations in individual level analyses (fully adjusted) were for current paracetamol use (odds ratio = 2.06; 95% confidence interval 1.97-2.16), early life antibiotic use (1.65; 1.58-1.73) and open fire cooking (1.44; 1.26-1.65). In school level analyses, these risk factors again showed increased risks. There were 238 586 adolescents aged 13-14 years (2072 schools, 42 countries) with complete exposure, outcome and confounder data. The strongest associations in individual level analyses (fully adjusted) were for current paracetamol use (1.80; 1.75-1.86), cooking on an open fire (1.32; 1.22-1.43) and maternal tobacco use (1.23; 1.18-1.27). In school level analyses, these risk factors again showed increased risks. Conclusions & clinical relevance: These analyses strengthen the potentially causal interpretation of previously reported individual level findings, by providing evidence against reverse causation.

Published
2019

19. Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs)

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Addis, A., Adcock, I. M., Agache, I., Agusti, A., Alonso, A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Anto, Josep M., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bai, C., Baigenzhin, A. K., Barbara, Cristina, Barnes, P. J., Bateman, E. D., Beck, L., Bedbrook, Anna, Bel, E. H., Benezet, O., Bennoor, K. S., Benson, M., Bernabeu-Wittel, M., Bewick, M., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Blain, Hubert, Blasi, F., Bonini, M., Bonini, S., Boulet, L. P., Bourdin, Arnaud, Bourret, Rodolphe, Brightling, C. E., Briggs, A. H., Brozek, J. L., Buhl, R., Bush, A., Caimmi, D. P., Calderon, M. A., Calverley, P. M., Camargos, P. A. M., Camuzat, Thierry, Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K. H., Casale, T. B., Cazzola, M., A.M, Cepeda Sarabia, Cesario, A., Chen, Y. Z., Chkhartishvili, E., Chavannes, Niels H., Chiron, R., Chuchalin, Alexander G., Chung, K. F., Cox, L., Crooks, George, Cruz, A. A., Custovic, Adnan, Dahl, R., Dahlen, S. E., Blay, F. De, Dedeu, Antoni, Deleanu, D., Demoly, Pascal, Devillier, P., Didier, A., Dinh-Xuan, A. T., Djukanovic, R., Dokic, D., Douagui, H. B., Dubakiene, R., Eglin, S., Elliot, F., Emuzyte, R., Fabbri, Leonardo M., Fink-Wagner, A., Fletcher, M., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J. A., Franco, A., Frith, P., Furber, A., Gaga, M., Garces, J., Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Gamkrelidze, A., Diaz, S. González, Gouzi, Fares, Guzmán, M. A., Haahtela, T., Harrison, D., Hayot, M., Heaney, L. G., Heinrich, J., Hellings, P. W., Hooper, J., Humbert, M., Hyland, M. E., Iaccarino, G., Jakovenko, D., Jardim, J. R., Jeandel, Claude, Jenkins, C., Johnston, S. L., Jonquet, Olivier, Joos, G., Jung, K. S., Kalayci, O., Karunanithi, S., Keil, T., Khaltaev, N., Kolek, V., Kowalski, M. L., Kull, I., Kuna, P., Kvedariene, V., Le, Tuyen D., Carlsen, K. C. Lodrup, Louis, R., MacNee, W., Mair, A., Majer, I., Manning, P. J., Keenoy, E. De Manuel, Masjedi, M. R., Melén, E., Gomes, Elisabete Melo, Menzies-Gow, A., Mercier, G., Mercier, Jacques, Michel, J. P., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Molimard, M., Momas, I., Montilla-Santana, A., Almeida, M. Morais, Morgan, M., N'Diaye, M., Nafti, S., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Nicod, L., O'Hehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Paggiaro, P. L., Palkonen, S., Palmer, S., Papadopoulos, N. G., Papi, A., Passalacqua, G., Pavord, I., Pigearias, B., Plavec, D., Postma, D. S., Price, D., Rabe, K. F., Radier-Pontal, F., Redon, Josep, Rennard, S., Roberts, J., Robine, J. M., Roca, J., Roche, N., Rodenas, F., Roggeri, A., Rolland, C., Rosado-Pinto, J., Ryan, D., Samolinski, B., Sanchez-Borges, M., Schunemann, H. J., Sheikh, A., Shields, K. M., Siafakas, N., Sibille, Y., Similowski, T., Small, I., Sola-Morales, O., Sooronbaev, T., Stelmach, R., Sterk, P. J., Stiris, T., Sud, P., Tellier, V., To, T., Todo-Bom, A., Triggiani, M., Valenta, R., Valero, A. L., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., Ganse, E. Van, Vandenplas, O., Vasankari, T., Vestbo, J., Vezzani, G., Viegi, Giovanni, Visier, L., Vogelmeier, C., Vontetsianos, T., Wagstaff, R., Wahn, U., Wallaert, B., Whalley, B., Wickman, M., Williams, D. M., Wilson, N., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H. J., Zhong, N., Zidarn, M., Zuberbier, T., Bousquet, J., Addis, A., Adcock, I., Agache, I., Agusti, A., Alonso, A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Anto, J. M., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bai, C., Baigenzhin, A., Barbara, C., Barnes, P. J., Bateman, E. D., Beck, L., Bedbrook, A., Bel, E. H., Benezet, O., Bennoor, K. S., Benson, M., Bernabeu-Wittel, M., Bewick, M., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Blain, H., Blasi, F., Bonini, M., Bonini, S., Boulet, L. P., Bourdin, A., Bourret, R., Bousquet, P. J., Brightling, C. E., Briggs, A., Brozek, J., Buhl, R., Bush, A., Caimmi, D., Calderon, M., Calverley, P., Camargos, P. A., Camuzat, T., Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K. H., Casale, T. B., Cazzola, M., Cepeda Sarabia, A. M., Cesario, A., Chen, Y. Z., Chkhartishvili, E., Chavannes, N. H., Chiron, R., Chuchalin, A., Chung, K. F., Cox, L., Crooks, G., Crooks, M. G., Cruz, A. A., Custovic, A., Dahl, R., Dahlen, S. E., De Blay, F., Dedeu, T., Deleanu, D., Demoly, P., Devillier, P., Didier, A., Dinh-Xuan, A. T., Djukanovic, R., Dokic, D., Douagui, H., Dubakiene, R., Eglin, S., Elliot, F., Emuzyte, R., Fabbri, L., Fink Wagner, A., Fletcher, M., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J., Franco, A., Frith, P., Furber, A., Gaga, M., Garces, J., Garcia-Aymerich, J., Gamkrelidze, A., Gonzales-Diaz, S., Gouzi, F., Guzman, M. A., Haahtela, T., Harrison, D., Hayot, M., Heaney, L. G., Heinrich, J., Hellings, P. W., Hooper, J., Humbert, M., Hyland, M., Iaccarino, G., Jakovenko, D., Jardim, J. R., Jeandel, C., Jenkins, C., Johnston, S. L., Jonquet, O., Joos, G., Jung, K. S., Kalayci, O., Karunanithi, S., Keil, T., Khaltaev, N., Kolek, V., Kowalski, M. L., Kull, I., Kuna, P., Kvedariene, V., Le, L. T., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Louis, R., Macnee, W., Mair, A., Majer, I., Manning, P., De Manuel Keenoy, E., Masjedi, M. R., Melen, E., Melo-Gomes, E., Menzies-Gow, A., Mercier, G., Mercier, J., Michel, J. P., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Molimard, M., Momas, I., Montilla-Santana, A., Morais-Almeida, M., Morgan, M., N'Diaye, M., Nafti, S., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Nicod, L., O'Hehir, R., Ohta, K., Paggiaro, P., Palkonen, S., Palmer, S., Papadopoulos, N. G., Papi, A., Passalacqua, G., Pavord, I., Pigearias, B., Plavec, D., Postma, D. S., Price, D., Rabe, K. F., Radier Ponta, F., Redon, J., Rennard, S., Roberts, J., Robine, J. M., Roca, J., Roche, N., Rodenas, F., Roggeri, A., Rolland, C., Rosado-Pinto, J., Ryan, D., Samolinski, B., Sanchez-Borges, M., Schunemann, H. J., Sheikh, A., Shields, M., Siafakas, N., Sibille, Y., Similowski, T., Small, I., Sola-Morales, O., Sooronbaev, T., Stelmach, R., Sterk, P. J., Stiris, T., Sud, P., Tellier, V., To, T., Todo-Bom, A., Triggiani, M., Valenta, R., Valero, A. L., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., Van Ganse, E., Vandenplas, O., Vasankari, T., Vestbo, J., Vezzani, G., Viegi, G., Visier, L., Vogelmeier, C., Vontetsianos, T., Wagstaff, R., Wahn, U., Wallaert, B., Whalley, B., Wickman, M., Williams, D. M., Wilson, N., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, P. K., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H. J., Zhong, N., Zidarn, M., Zuberbier, T., Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Faculty of Medicine-Transylvania University, Applied Tumor Virology, German Cancer Research Center - Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum [Heidelberg] (DKFZ), Ghent University Hospital, Laboratoire d'ingénierie osteo-articulaire et dentaire (LIOAD), Université de Nantes (UN)-IFR26-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Academic Medical Center - Academisch Medisch Centrum [Amsterdam] (AMC), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), iQ4U consultants Ltd, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Pavia, Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, Royal Brompton Hospital, Région Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, Service de physiologie et explorations fonctionelles [CHU Cochin], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), University Hospital Southampton, Vilnius University [Vilnius], IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], University of Edinburgh, Pneumology Department, Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland-Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Monash University [Melbourne], Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Mécanismes moléculaires dans les démences neurodégénératives (MMDN), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Neurophysiologie Respiratoire Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AcademicMedical Center, Oslo University Hospital [Oslo], University of Coimbra [Portugal] (UC), Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, University of Turku, Evaluation et modélisation des effets thérapeutiques, Département biostatistiques et modélisation pour la santé et l'environnement [LBBE], Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Consiglio nazionale delle ricerche, Instituto di fisiologia clinica, Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Service de Pneumologie et Immuno-Allergologie [CHU LIlle], Pole Cardio-vasculaire et pulmonaire [CHU Lille], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Çocuk Sağlığı ve Hastalıkları, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Pulmonology, Ear, Nose and Throat, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), University of Milan, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Helsinki, University of Genoa (UNIGE), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Custovic, Adnan [0000-0001-5218-7071], and Γιάλλουρος, Παναγιώτης

Subjects
Aging, Settore MED/10 - Malattie dell'Apparato Respiratorio, International Cooperation, Respiratory System, Medically Underserved Area, Comorbidity, Disease, Early intervention, Medical and Health Sciences, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Disease control, Risk Factors, Chronic obstructive lung disease, Health care, 030212 general & internal medicine, Rhiniti, media_common, Rhinitis, Environmental exposure, Child health care, 3. Good health, ALLERGIC RHINITIS, Europe, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASES, PERFORMANCE PROGRAM, Action plan, SIMULATION, Asthma, Decision Making, European Union, Guidelines as Topic, Humans, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, Quality of Life, Respiration Disorders, World Health Organization, SMOKING, Human, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Chronic respiratory tract disease, DIAGNOSIS, OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY-DISEASE, 03 medical and health sciences, Quality of life (healthcare), EUROPEAN-UNION, medicine, MANAGEMENT, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Intensive care medicine, business.industry, Public health, Risk Factor, ta3121, Respiration Disorder, Integrated care, 030228 respiratory system, Physical therapy, Clinical Medicine, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, SEVERE ASTHMA
Abstract

International audience; The objective of Integrated Care Pathways for Airway Diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs) is to launch a collaboration to develop multi-sectoral care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases in European countries and regions. AIRWAYS-ICPs has strategic relevance to the European Union Health Strategy and will add value to existing public health knowledge by: 1) proposing a common framework of care pathways for chronic respiratory diseases, which will facilitate comparability and trans-national initiatives; 2) informing cost-effective policy development, strengthening in particular those on smoking and environmental exposure; 3) aiding risk stratification in chronic disease patients, using a common strategy; 4) having a significant impact on the health of citizens in the short term (reduction of morbidity, improvement of education in children and of work in adults) and in the long-term (healthy ageing); 5) proposing a common simulation tool to assist physicians; and 6) ultimately reducing the healthcare burden (emergency visits, avoidable hospitalisations, disability and costs) while improving quality of life. In the longer term, the incidence of disease may be reduced by innovative prevention strategies. AIRWAYS-ICPs was initiated by Area 5 of the Action Plan B3 of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing. All stakeholders are involved (health and social care, patients, and policy makers).

Published
2014
Full Text
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20. AIRWAYS-ICPs (European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing) from concept to implementation

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Barbara, Cristina, Bateman, E. D., Bel, E. H., Bewick, M., Chavannes, Niels H., Cruz, A. A., Haahtela, T., Hellings, P. W., Khaltaev, N., Carlsen, K. Lodrup, Muraro, A., Cordeiro, C. R., Rosado-Pinto, J., Samolinski, B., Strandberg, T., Valiulis, A., Yorgancioglu, A., Zuberbier, T., Adcock, I. M., Addis, A., Agache, I., Agusti, A., Alonso, A., Annesi-Maesano, I., Anto, Josep M., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bai, C., Baigenzhin, A. K., Barnes, P. J., Beck, L., Bedbrook, Anna, Benezet, O., Bennoor, K. S., Benson, M., Bernabeu-Wittel, M., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Blain, Hubert, Blasi, F., Bonini, M., Bonini, S., Boulet, L. P., Bourdin, Arnaud, Bourret, Rodolphe, Brightling, C. E., Briggs, A. H., Brozek, J. L., Buhl, R., Bush, A., Caimmi, D. P., Calderon, M. A., Calverley, P. M., Camargos, P. A. M., Camuzat, Thierry, Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K. H., Casale, T. B., Cazzola, M., A.M, Cepeda Sarabia, Cesario, A., Chen, Y. Z., Chkhartishvili, E., Chiron, R., Chuchalin, Alexander G., Chung, K. F., Cox, L., Crooks, George, Custovic, Adnan, Dahl, R., Dahlen, S. E., Blay, F. De, Dedeu, Antoni, Deleanu, D., Demoly, Pascal, Devillier, P., Didier, A., Dinh-Xuan, A. T., Djukanovic, R., Dokic, D., Douagui, H. B., Dubakiene, R., Eglin, S., Elliot, F., Emuzyte, R., Fabbri, Leonardo M., Fink-Wagner, A., Fletcher, M., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J. A., Franco, A., Frith, P., Furber, A., Gaga, M., Gamkrelidze, A., Garcia-Aymerich, Judith, Gonzalez-Diaz, S. N., Gouzi, Fares, Garces, J., Guzmán, M. A., Harrison, D., Hayot, M., Heaney, L. G., Heinrich, J., Hooper, J., Humbert, M., Hyland, M. E., Iaccarino, G., Jakovenko, D., Jardim, J. R., Jeandel, Claude, Jenkins, C., Johnston, S. L., Jonquet, Olivier, Joos, G., Jung, K. S., Kalayci, O., Karunanithi, S., Keil, T., Kolek, V., Kowalski, M. L., Kull, I., Kuna, P., Kvedariene, V., Le, Tuyen D., Louis, R., MacNee, W., Mair, A., Manning, P. J., Keenoy, M. E. Manuel, Majer, I., Masjedi, M. R., Melén, E., Gomes, Elisabete Melo, Menzies-Gow, A., Mercier, G., Mercier, Jacques, Michel, J. P., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Molimard, M., Momas, I., Montilla-Santana, A., Almeida, M. Morais, Morgan, M., N'Diaye, M., Nafti, S., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Nicod, L., O'Hehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Paggiaro, P. L., Palkonen, S., Palmer, S., Papadopoulos, N. G., Papi, A., Passalacqua, G., Pavord, I., Pedersen, S., Pigearias, B., Plavec, D., Postma, D. S., Price, D., Rabe, K. F., Radier-Pontal, F., Redon, Josep, Rennard, S., Roberts, J., Robine, J. M., Roca, J., Roche, N., Rodenas, F., Roggeri, A., Rolland, C., Ryan, D., Sanchez-Borges, M., Schunemann, H. J., Sheikh, A., Shields, K. M., Siafakas, N., Sibille, Y., Similowski, T., Small, I., Sola-Morales, O., Sooronbaev, T., Stelmach, R., Sterk, P. J., Stiris, T., Sud, P., Tellier, V., To, T., Todo-Bom, A., Triggiani, M., Valenta, R., Valero, A. L., Valovirta, E., Vandenplas, O., Ganse, E. Van, Vasankari, T., Vestbo, J., Vezzani, G., Viegi, Giovanni, Visier, L., Vogelmeier, C., Vontetsianos, T., Wagstaff, R., Wallaert, B., Wahn, U., Whalley, B., Wickman, M., Williams, D. M., Wilson, N., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, Panayiotis K., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H. J., Zhong, N., Zidarn, M., Yiallouros, Panayiotis K. [0000-0002-8339-9285], Custovic, Adnan [0000-0001-5218-7071], Bousquet, Jean, Barbara, Cristina, Bateman, Eric, Bel, Elisabeth, Bewick, Mike, Chavannes, Niels H., Cruz, Alvaro A., Haahtela, Tari, Hellings, Peter W., Khaltaev, Nikolai, Carlsen, Karin Lodrup, Muraro, Antonella, Cordeiro, Carlos Robalo, Rosado Pinto, Jose, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Strandberg, Timo, Valiulis, Aruna, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zuberbier, Torsten, Adcock, I., Addis, A., Agache, I., Agusti, A., Alonso, A., Annesi Maesano, I., Anto, J. M., Bachert, C., Baena Cagnani, C., Bai, C., Baigenzhin, A., Barnes, P. J., Beck, L., Bedbrook, A., Benezet, O., Bennoor, K. S., Benson, M., Bernabeu Wittel, M., Bindslev Jensen, C., Blain, H., Blasi, F., Bonini, M., Bonini, Sergio, Boulet, L. P., Bourdin, A., Bourret, R., Bousquet, P. J., Brightling, C. E., Briggs, A., Brozek, J., Buhl, R., Bush, A., Caimmi, D., Calderon, M., Calverley, P., Camargos, P., Camuzat, T., Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K. H., Casale, T. B., Cazzola, M., Cepeda Sarabia, A. M., Cesario, A., Chen, Y. Z., Chkhartishvili, E., Chiron, R., Chuchalin, A., Chung, K. F., Cox, L., Crooks, G., Crooks, M. G., Custovic, A., Dahl, R., Dahlen, S. E., De Blay, F., Dedeu, T., Deleanu, D., Demoly, P., Devillier, P., Didier, A., Dinh Xuan, A. T., Djukanovic, R., Dokic, D., Douagui, H., Dubakiene, R., Eglin, S., Elliot, F., Emuzyte, R., Fabbri, L., Fink Wagner, A., Fletcher, M., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J., Franco, A., Frith, P., Furber, A., Gaga, M., Gamkrelidze, A., Garcia Aymerich, J., González Díaz, S., Gouzi, F., Garcés, J., Guzmán, M. A., Harrison, D., Hayot, M., Heaney, L., Heinrich, J., Hooper, J., Humbert, M., Hyland, M., Iaccarino, G., Jakovenko, D., Jardim, J., Jeandel, C., Jenkins, C., Johnston, S. L., Jonquet, O., Joos, G., Jung, K. S., Kalayci, O., Karunanithi, S., Keil, T., Kolek, V., Kowalski, M., Kull, I., Kuna, P., Kvedariene, V., Le, L. T., Louis, R., Macnee, W., Mair, A., Manning, P., Manuel Keenoy, M. E., Majer, I., Masjedi, M. R., Melén, E., Melo Gomes, E., Menzies Gow, A., Mercier, G., Mercier, J., Michel, J. P., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Molimard, M., Momas, I., Montilla Santana, A., Morais Almeida, M., Morgan, M., N'Diaye, M., Nafti, S., Nekam, Null, Neou, A., Nicod, L., O'Hehir, R., Ohta, K., Paggiaro, P., Palkonen, S., Palmer, S., Papadopoulos, N. G., Papi, A., Passalacqua, G., Pavord, I., Pedersen, S., Pigearias, B., Plavec, D., Postma, D. S., Price, D., Rabe, K. F., Radier Pontal, F., Redon, J., Rennard, S., Roberts, J., Robine, J. M., Roca, J., Roche, N., Rodenas, F., Roggeri, A., Rolland, C., Ryan, D., Sanchez Borges, M., Schünemann, H. J., Sheikh, A., Shields, M., Siafakas, N., Sibille, Y., Similowski, T., Small, I., Sola Morales, O., Sooronbaev, T., Stelmach, R., Sterk, P. J., Stiris, T., Sud, P., Tellier, V., To, T., Todo Bom, A., Triggiani, M., Valenta, R., Valero, A. L., Valovirta, E., Vandenplas, O., Van Ganse, E., Vasankari, T., Vestbo, J., Vezzani, G., Viegi, G., Visier, L., Vogelmeier, C., Vontetsianos, T., Wagstaff, R., Wallaert, B., Wahn, U., Whalley, B., Wickman, M., Williams, D., Wilson, N., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, P., Yusuf, O., Zar, H. J., Zhong, N., Zidarn, M., Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Pulmonology, Ear, Nose and Throat, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Bousquet, J., Barbara, C., Bateman, E., Bel, E., Bewick, M., Chavannes, N. H., Cruz, A. A., Haahtela, T., Hellings, P. W., Khaltaev, N., Carlsen, K. L., Muraro, A., Cordeiro, C. R., Rosado-Pinto, J., Samolinski, B., Strandberg, T., Valiulis, A., Yorgancioglu, A., Zuberbier, T., Baena-Cagnani, C., Bernabeu-Wittel, M., Bonini, S., Fink-Wagner, A., Gonzalez-Diaz, S., Garces, J., Guzman, M. A., Melen, E., Menzies-Gow, A., Montilla-Santana, A., Nekam, Sanchez-Borges, M., Schunemann, H. J., and Sola-Morales, O.

Subjects
Pediatrics, Aging, IMPACT, Respiratory System, GUIDELINES, [SDV.MHEP.PSR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Pulmonology and respiratory tract, Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, Surveys and Questionnaires, PROGRAM, Surveys and Questionnaire, 030212 general & internal medicine, Respiratory system, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, health care economics and organizations, Respiratory Function Test, media_common, GINA STRATEGY, integumentary system, musculoskeletal, neural, and ocular physiology, respiratory system, Middle Aged, humanities, Adult, Aged, Asthma, Chronic Disease, Europe, Humans, Respiration Disorders, Respiratory Function Tests, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, 3. Good health, ALLERGIC RHINITIS, CHRONIC RESPIRATORY-DISEASES, Editorial, General partnership, GA(2)LEN, Human, Chronic Obstructive, medicine.medical_specialty, UNION, Pulmonary disease, Socio-culturale, Pulmonary Disease, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, Intensive care medicine, business.industry, Risk Factor, Respiration Disorder, medicine.disease, nervous system diseases, Chronic disease, DEFINITION, 030228 respiratory system, Healthy ageing, business, SEVERE ASTHMA
Abstract

Chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) are major non-communicable diseases (NCDs) [1, 2] that induce a significant burden. Asthma often occurs along the life cycle from early childhood, affecting 30 million children and adults under 45 years of age in Europe [3]. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has an estimated annual death rate of over 3 million people globally [1, 2]. The annual direct and indirect costs in the 28 European Union (EU) countries due to COPD or asthma are estimated at 48 billion euros and 34 billion euros respectively [3]. Rhinitis occurs in over 100 million people in Europe, and indirect costs are enormous [4]. Asthma is a common risk factor for COPD [5, 6]. CRDs impact ageing and should be prevented, recognised and managed across the life cycle to promote active and healthy ageing (AHA). There is an urgent need to act globally. European Innovation Partnerships (EIPs) aim to enhance EU competitiveness and tackle societal challenges through research and innovation. To tackle the potential of ageing in the EU, the European Commission, within its Innovation Union policy, launched the EIP on AHA (between the Directorate General for Health and Food Safety (DG Santé) and Directorate General for Communications Networks, Content and Technology (DG CONNECT)) [7]. The B3 Action Plan promotes integrated care models for chronic diseases, including the use of remote monitoring. The initiative AIRWAYS-ICPs (integrated care pathways for airway diseases) [8] has been approved by the EIP on AHA as the model of chronic diseases of the B3 Action Plan. It is a Research Demonstration Project of the World Health Organization's Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases (GARD) [1]. AIRWAYS-ICPs was initiated in 2013 by the WHO Collaborating Centre of Montpellier and the EIP on AHA Reference Site MACVIA-LR (Contre les MAladies Chroniques Pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon, France) led by the Région Languedoc-Roussillon (France) [9]. 47 4 1028 1033

Published
2015
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21. Biofilms: actualización y revisión de su rol en las vías respiratorias superiores

Author

Zernotti, M. E., Paraje, Maria Gabriela, and Baena Cagnani, C. E.

Subjects
BIOFILMS, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, Sistema Respiratorio, RESISTENCIA BACTERIANA, Medicina Clínica, POLIPOPSIS NASAL, RINOSINUSITIS CRÓNICA
Abstract

Los biofilms son estructuras de microorganismos altamente organizadas que crecen unidas irreversiblemente a una superficie cubiertas por una matriz extracelular polisacárida que ellas mismas secretan. Actualmente los biofilms son considerados factores de virulencia que constituyen un modo de crecimiento protegido, que permite la supervivencia en un medio hostil, facilitando la unión de las bacterias a distintas superficies, ayudando al mantenimiento de las bacterias y protegiéndolas de distintos factores, como los cambios en las condiciones ambientales, la posibilidad de ser fagocitadas por células macrofágicas del huésped o por el efecto de los agentes antimicrobianos. Los cuadros clínicos crónicos de la vía aérea superior, pueden tener relación directa con la presencia de microorganismos en forma de biofilms. Las bacterias, protegidas de las defensas del huésped, en forma de biofilms, continúan con su metabolismo y la producción de exotoxinas locales, lo que favorecería la cronicidad de la respuesta inflamatoria evidenciable por los cambios en la mucosa respiratoria y la persistencia de infecciones que no responden a los tratamientos antibióticos. Fil: Zernotti, M. E.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Paraje, Maria Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (p); Argentina Fil: Baena Cagnani, C. E.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina

Published
2014

22. [ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma). Achievements in 10 years and future needs in Latin America]

Author

Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Sánchez-Borges, M., Zernotti, M. E., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Cruz, A. A., González-Díaz, S. N., Ivancevich, J. C., Aldrey-Palacios, O., Sisul, J. C., Solé, D., Cepeda, A. M., Jares, E. J., Calvo Gil, M., Valentin-Rostán, M., Yáñez, A., Gereda, J., Cardona-Villa, R., Rosario, N., Croce, V. H., Bachert, C., Canonica, G. W., Demoly, P., Passalacqua, G., Samolinski, B., Holger Schünemann, Yorgancioglu, A., Ansotegui, I. J., Khaltaev, N., Bedbrook, A., Zuberbier, T., and Bousquet, J.

Subjects
Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Allergy, Guidelines, World Health Organization, Allergic, Allergy and Immunology, Medical, Humans, Expert Testimony, Societies, Medical, Rhinitis, Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic, Health Services Needs and Demand, ARIA, Health Policy, Congresses as Topic, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Asthma, GRADE, Latin America, Phenotype, Government, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Private Sector, Societies, Forecasting
Abstract

Allergic rhinitis and asthma represent global problems of public health affecting all age groups; asthma and allergic rhinitis frequently coexist in the same patients. In Latin American prevalence of allergic rhinitis, although variable, is very high. Allergic rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) started during a workshop of the World Health Organization performed in 1999 and was published in 2001. ARIA proposed a new classification of allergic rhinitis in intermittent or persistent and mild or moderate-severe. This approach of classification reflects more nearly the impact of allergic rhinitis in patients. In its review of 2010 ARIA developed guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of allergic rhinitis and of clinical practices for management of comorbidities of allergic rhinitis and asthma based on GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Development and Evaluation). ARIA has been spread and implemented in more than 50 countries. In Latin American an intense activity has been developed to spread these recommendations in almost all the countries of the region and it is important to record the obtained goals in the diffusion and implementation of ARIA, as well as to identify the unsatisfied needs from the clinical, research and implementation points of view. Final objective is to reinforce the priority that allergy and asthma should have, especially in children, in the programs of public health, as they have been prioritized in European Union in 2011.La rinitis alérgica y el asma representan problemas globales de salud pública que afectan a todos los grupos etarios; el asma y la rinitis alérgica frecuentemente coexisten en los mismos pacientes. En América Latina la prevalencia de rinitis alérgica, aunque variable, es muy elevada. La iniciativa Rinitis Alérgica y su Impacto en Asma (globalmente conocida como ARIA, de su nombre en inglés Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) comenzó durante un taller de la Organización Mundial de la Salud (OMS) realizado en 1999 que se publicó en el año 2001. ARIA propuso una nueva clasificación de rinitis alérgica en intermitente o persistente y leve o moderada-severa. Este esquema de clasificación refleja más estrechamente el impacto de la rinitis alérgica en los pacientes. En su revisión de 2010, la guía ARIA desarrolló pautas para el diagnóstico y tratamiento de la rinitis alérgica y de prácticas clínicas para el manejo de las comorbilidades de la rinitis alérgica y el asma basadas en GRADE (Gradación de Recomendaciones, Desarrollo y Evaluación). ARIA se ha diseminado e implantado en más de 50 países. En América Latina se ha desarrollado una intensa actividad para diseminar estas recomendaciones en casi todos los países de la región y es importante llevar un registro de los logros obtenidos en la difusión e implantación de ARIA, además de identificar las necesidades insatisfechas desde el punto de vista clínico, de la investigación y de la implantación. El objetivo final es reforzar la prioridad que deben tener la alergia y el asma –especialmente en niños– en los programas de Salud Pública, tal como los priorizó la Unión Europea en 2011.

Published
2013

23. A WAO-ARIA-GA2LEN consensus document on molecular-based allergy diagnostics

Author

Canonica, G. W., Ansotegui, I. J., Pawankar, R., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Van Hage, M., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Melioli, G., Nunes, C., Passalacqua, G., Rosenwasser, L., Sampson, H., Sastre, J., Bousquet, J., Zuberbier, T., Allen, K., Asero, R., Bohle, B., Cox, L., De Blay, F., Ebisawa, M., Maximiliano-Gomez, R., Gonzalez-Diaz, S., Haahtela, T., Holgate, S., Jakob, T., Larche, M., Matricardi, P. M., Oppenheimer, J., Poulsen, L. K., Renz, H. E., Rosario, N., Rothenberg, M., Sanchez-Borges, M., Scala, E., and Valenta, R.

Published
2013

24. Allergy

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Heinzerling, L., Bachert, Claus, Papadopoulos, N. G., Bousquet, P. J., Burney, P. G., Canonica, Giorgio W., Carlsen, K. H., Cox, L., Haahtela, T., Carlsen, Lodrup K. C., Prince, D., Samolinski, B., Simons, F. E. R., Wickman, M., Annesi-Maesano, I., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bergmann, K. C., Bindslev-Jensen, J., Casale, T. B., Chiriac, A., Cruz Filho, Álvaro Augusto Souza da, Chiriac, R., Chiriac, S. R., Chiriac, W. J., Gerth-van-Wijk, R., Kalayci, Ö., Kowalski, M. L., Mari, A., Mullol, J., Nazamova-Baranova, L., O'Hehir, R. E., Ohta, K., Panzner, P., Passalacqua, G., Ring, J., Rogala, B., Romano, A., Ryan, D., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Todo-Bom, A., Valenta, A., Woehrl, S., Yusuf, O. M., Zuberbier, Torsten, and Demoly, P.

Subjects
Allergy, Skin prick test, Inhalant, Asthma, Rhinitis
Abstract

Texto completo: acesso restrito. p. 18–24 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-08-27T14:59:42Z No. of bitstreams: 1 A. A. Cruz.pdf: 209888 bytes, checksum: 7d347fe02cf77a0c8ede71e0efb225bf (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2014-09-23T14:48:34Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 A. A. Cruz.pdf: 209888 bytes, checksum: 7d347fe02cf77a0c8ede71e0efb225bf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-23T14:48:35Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 A. A. Cruz.pdf: 209888 bytes, checksum: 7d347fe02cf77a0c8ede71e0efb225bf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 This pocket guide is the result of a consensus reached between members of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) and Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). The aim of the current pocket guide is to offer a comprehensive set of recommendations on the use of skin prick tests in allergic rhinitis–conjunctivitis and asthma in daily practice. This pocket guide is meant to give simple answers to the most frequent questions raised by practitioners in Europe, including ‘practicing allergists’, general practitioners and any other physicians with special interest in the management of allergic diseases. It is not a long or detailed scientific review of the topic. However, the recommendations in this pocket guide were compiled following an in-depth review of existing guidelines and publications, including the 1993 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper, the 2001 ARIA document and the ARIA update 2008 (prepared in collaboration with GA2LEN). The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extracts to be used, as well as indications in a variety of settings including paediatrics and developing countries.

Published
2012
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25. Severe Chronic Allergic (and Related) Diseases: A Uniform Approach - A MeDALL - GA(2)LEN - ARIA Position Paper

Author

Bousquet, J, Anto, J M, Demoly, P, Schünemann, H J, Togias, A, Akdis, M, Auffray, C, Bachert, C, Bieber, T, Bousquet, P J, Carlsen, K H, Casale, T B, Cruz, A A, Keil, T, Lodrup Carlsen, K C, Maurer, M, Ohta, K, Papadopoulos, N G, Roman Rodriguez, M, Samolinski, B, Agache, I, Andrianarisoa, A, Ang, C S, Annesi-Maesano, I, Ballester, F, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Basagaña, X, Bateman, E D, Bel, E H, Bedbrook, A, Beghé, B, Beji, M, Ben Kheder, A, Benet, M, Bennoor, K S, Bergmann, K C, Berrissoul, F, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bleecker, E R, Bonini, S, Boner, A L, Boulet, L P, Brightling, C E, Brozek, J L, Bush, A, Busse, W W, Camargos, P A M, Canonica, G W, Carr, W, Cesario, A, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Faculteit Medische Wetenschappen/UMCG, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Pulmonology, Ear, Nose and Throat, Other Research, and Paediatric Pulmonology

Subjects
Urticaria, Rhinosinusitis, CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS, Comorbidity, macromolecular substances, WORLD-HEALTH-ORGANIZATION, Immunoglobulin E, Severity of Illness Index, Asthma, RANDOMIZED-TRIAL, Dermatitis, Atopic, CHRONIC URTICARIA, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, Chronic Disease, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Hypersensitivity, Humans, ATOPIC-DERMATITIS, Sinusitis, ASTHMA CONTROL QUESTIONNAIRE, NASAL POLYPOSIS, NONALLERGIC RHINITIS, Rhinitis, Atopic dermatitis, TASK-FORCE
Abstract

Concepts of disease severity, activity, control and responsiveness to treatment are linked but different. Severity refers to the loss of function of the organs induced by the disease process or to the occurrence of severe acute exacerbations. Severity may vary over time and needs regular follow-up. Control is the degree to which therapy goals are currently met. These concepts have evolved over time for asthma in guidelines, task forces or consensus meetings. The aim of this paper is to generalize the approach of the uniform definition of severe asthma presented to WHO for chronic allergic and associated diseases (rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis) in order to have a uniform definition of severity, control and risk, usable in most situations. It is based on the appropriate diagnosis, availability and accessibility of treatments, treatment responsiveness and associated factors such as comorbidities and risk factors. This uniform definition will allow a better definition of the phenotypes of severe allergic (and related) diseases for clinical practice, research (including epidemiology), public health purposes, education and the discovery of novel therapies. Copyright (C) 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel

Published
2012
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26. How to design and evaluate randomized controlled trials in immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: an ARIA-GA(2) LEN statement

Author

Bousquet, J, Schünemann, H J, Bousquet, P J, Bachert, C, Canonica, G W, Casale, T B, Demoly, P, Durham, S, Malling, Hans-Jørgen, Passalacqua, G, Simons, F E R, Anto, J, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bergmann, Rolf, Bieber, T, Briggs, A H, Brozek, J, Calderon, M A, Dahl, R, Devillier, P, Gerth van Wijk, R, Howarth, P, Larenas, D, Papadopoulos, N G, Schmid-Grendelmeier, P, Zuberbier, T, Carlsen, K. -H., and Bergmann, K. C.

Abstract

To cite this article: Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Bousquet PJ, Bachert C, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Demoly P, Durham S, Carlsen K-H, Malling H-J, Passalacqua G, Simons FER, Anto J, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bergmann K-C, Bieber T, Briggs AH, Brozek J, Calderon MA, Dahl R, Devillier P, Gerth van Wijk R, Howarth P, Larenas D, Papadopoulos NG, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Zuberbier T. How to design and evaluate randomized controlled trials in immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis: an ARIA-GA(2) LEN statement. Allergy 2011; 66: 765-774. ABSTRACT: Specific immunotherapy (SIT) is one of the treatments for allergic rhinitis. However, for allergists, nonspecialists, regulators, payers, and patients, there remain gaps in understanding the evaluation of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Although treating the same diseases, RCTs in SIT and pharmacotherapy should be considered separately for several reasons, as developed in this study. These include the severity and persistence of allergic rhinitis in the patients enrolled in the study, the problem of the placebo, allergen exposure (in particular pollen and mite), the analysis and reporting of the study, the level of symptoms of placebo-treated patients, the clinical relevance of the efficacy of SIT, the need for a validated combined symptom-medication score, the differences between children and adults and pharmacoeconomic analyses. This statement reviews issues raised by the interpretation of RCTs in sublingual immunotherapy. It is not possible to directly extrapolate the rules or parameters used in medication RCTs to SIT. It also provides some suggestions for the research that will be needed. Interestingly, some of the research questions can be approached with the available data obtained from large RCTs.

Published
2011
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28. Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper

Author

Bousquet, Jean, Schünemann, H J, Zuberbier, T, Bachert, C, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bousquet, P J, Brozek, J, Canonica, G W, Casale, T B, Demoly, P, Gerth van Wijk, R, Ohta, K, Bateman, E D, Calderon, M, Cruz, A A, Dolen, W K, Haughney, J, Lockey, R F, Lötvall, J, O'Byrne, P, Spranger, O, Togias, A, Bonini, S, Boulet, L P, Camargos, P, Carlsen, K H, Chavannes, N H, Delgado, Lara García, Durham, S R, Fokkens, W J, Fonseca, Jun Sergio Ono, Haahtela, T, Kalayci, O, Kowalski, M L, Larenas-Linnemann, D, Li, J, Mohammad, Y, Mullol, J, Naclerio, R, O'Hehir, R E, Papadopoulos, N, Passalacqua, G, Rabe, K F, Pawankar, R, Ryan, David, Samolinski, B, Simons, F E R, Valovirta, E, Yorgancioglu, A, and Dahl, R

Subjects
Evidence-Based Medicine, Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Disease Management, Humans, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Planning Techniques, Asthma
Abstract

The links between asthma and rhinitis are well characterized. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines stress the importance of these links and provide guidance for their prevention and treatment. Despite effective treatments being available, too few patients receive appropriate medical care for both diseases. Most patients with rhinitis and asthma consult primary care physicians and therefore these physicians are encouraged to understand and use ARIA guidelines. Patients should also be informed about these guidelines to raise their awareness of optimal care and increase control of the two related diseases. To apply these guidelines, clinicians and patients need to understand how and why the recommendations were made. The goal of the ARIA guidelines is to provide recommendations about the best management options for most patients in most situations. These recommendations should be based on the best available evidence. Making recommendations requires the assessment of the quality of available evidence, deciding on the balance between benefits and downsides, consideration of patients’ values and preferences, and, if applicable, resource implications. Guidelines must be updated as new management options become available or important new evidence emerges. Transparent reporting of guidelines facilitates understanding and acceptance, but implementation strategies need to be improved.

Published
2010
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29. Bacterial biofilm evidence in nasal polyposis

Author

Zernotti, Mario Emilio, Angel Villegas, Natalia, Roques Revol, M., Baena Cagnani, C. E., Arce Miranda, Julio Eduardo, Paredes, M. E., Albesa, Inés, and Paraje, María Gabriela

Subjects
NASAL POLYLOSIS, BIOFILMS, CIENCIAS MÉDICAS Y DE LA SALUD, purl.org/becyt/ford/3.2 [https], purl.org/becyt/ford/3 [https], CHRONIC RHINOSINUSITIS, Medicina Clínica, Reumatología, CONFOCAL SCANNING LASER MICROSCOPY
Abstract

The pathogeny of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRS/NP) has not been elucidated. Bacterial exotoxins have beenimplicated in many infl ammatory chronic diseases, such as chronic otitis, chronic tonsillitis, cholesteatomas, and more recently CRS/NP. Wepropose that the bacteria in CRS/NP are not only present in a planktonic state, but also occur in microbial communities as biofi lms.Objective: To determine and characterize the presence of biofi lms in CRS/NP.Methods: We performed a prospective study in 12 patients undergoing endoscopic sinus surgery for nasal polyposis. Ten patients withoutCRS/NP who underwent septoplasty were included as a control group. Tissue samples were obtained from the inferior turbinate mucosae.The bacteria were isolated and typifi ed and the material was examined in vitro using a spectrophotometer, and in vivo using opticalmicroscopy and confocal scanning laser microscopy.Results: Moderate to high in vitro biofi lm-forming capacity was detected in 9 out of 12 patients with CRS/NP (mean [SD] optical densityvalues of between 0.284 [0.017] and 3.337 [0.029]). The microorganisms isolated were Staphylococcus (5 patients), Streptococcus viridans,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterococcus faecalis and Streptococcus viridans/Corynebacterium. Biofi lms were demonstrated in vivo in 2 patientsand no biofi lm structures were evident in any of the controls.Conclusion: This study demonstrates the presence of bacterial biofi lms in patients with CRS/NP. This chronic infl ammatory factor mightcontribute to nasal mucosa damage, increased infl ammatory cells in tissue, and the subsequent hyperplasic process Fil: Zernotti, Mario Emilio. Sanatorio Allende. Servicio de Otorrinolaringología; Argentina Fil: Angel Villegas, Natalia. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Roques Revol, M.. Sanatorio Allende. Servicio de Otorrinolaringología; Argentina Fil: Baena Cagnani, C. E.. Universidad Católica de Córdoba; Argentina Fil: Arce Miranda, Julio Eduardo. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Paredes, M. E.. Sanatorio Allende. Departamento de Bacteriología; Argentina Fil: Albesa, Inés. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina Fil: Paraje, María Gabriela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Departamento de Farmacia; Argentina

Published
2009

31. Integrated care pathways for airway diseases (AIRWAYS-ICPs).

Author

UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Bousquet, J, Addis, A, Adcock, I, Agache, I, Agusti, A, Alonso, A, Annesi-Maesano, I, Anto, J M, Bachert, C, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bai, C, Baigenzhin, A, Barbara, C, Barnes, P J, Bateman, E D, Beck, L, Bedbrook, A, Bel, E H, Benezet, O, Bennoor, K S, Benson, M, Bernabeu-Wittel, M, Bewick, M, Bindslev-Jensen, C, Blain, H, Blasi, F, Bonini, M, Bonini, S, Boulet, L P, Bourdin, A, Bourret, R, Bousquet, P J, Brightling, C E, Briggs, A, Brozek, J, Buhl, R, Bush, A, Caimmi, D, Calderon, M, Calverley, P, Camargos, P A, Camuzat, T, Canonica, G W, Carlsen, K H, Casale, T B, Cazzola, M, Cepeda Sarabia, A M, Cesario, A, Chen, Y Z, Chkhartishvili, E, Chavannes, N H, Chiron, R, Chuchalin, A, Chung, K F, Cox, L, Crooks, G, Crooks, M G, Cruz, A A, Custovic, A, Dahl, R, Dahlen, S E, De Blay, F, Dedeu, T, Deleanu, D, Demoly, P, Devillier, P, Didier, A, Dinh-Xuan, A T, Djukanovic, R, Dokic, D, Douagui, H, Dubakiene, R, Eglin, S, Elliot, F, Emuzyte, R, Fabbri, L, Fink Wagner, A, Fletcher, M, Fokkens, W J, Fonseca, J, Franco, A, Frith, P, Furber, A, Gaga, M, Garcés, J, Garcia-Aymerich, J, Gamkrelidze, A, Gonzales-Diaz, S, Gouzi, F, Guzmán, M A, Haahtela, T, Harrison, D, Hayot, M, Heaney, L G, Heinrich, J, Hellings, P W, Hooper, J, Humbert, M, Hyland, M, Iaccarino, G, Jakovenko, D, Jardim, J R, Jeandel, C, Jenkins, C, Johnston, S L, Jonquet, O, Joos, G, Jung, K S, Kalayci, O, Karunanithi, S, Keil, T, Khaltaev, N, Kolek, V, Kowalski, M L, Kull, I, Kuna, P, Kvedariene, V, Le, L T, Lodrup Carlsen, K C, Louis, R, MacNee, W, Mair, A, Majer, I, Manning, P, de Manuel Keenoy, E, Masjedi, M R, Melen, E, Melo-Gomes, E, Menzies-Gow, A, Mercier, G, Mercier, J, Michel, J P, Miculinic, N, Mihaltan, F, Milenkovic, B, Molimard, M, Momas, I, Montilla-Santana, A, Morais-Almeida, M, Morgan, M, N'Diaye, M, Nafti, S, Nekam, K, Neou, A, Nicod, L, O'Hehir, R, Ohta, K, Paggiaro, P, Palkonen, S, Palmer, S, Papadopoulos, N G, Papi, A, Passalacqua, G, Pavord, I, Pigearias, B, Plavec, D, Postma, D S, Price, D, Rabe, K F, Radier Pontal, F, Redon, J, Rennard, S, Roberts, J, Robine, J M, Roca, J, Roche, N, Rodenas, F, Roggeri, A, Rolland, C, Rosado-Pinto, J, Ryan, D, Samolinski, B, Sanchez-Borges, M, Schünemann, H J, Sheikh, A, Shields, M, Siafakas, N, Sibille, Yves, Similowski, T, Small, I, Sola-Morales, O, Sooronbaev, T, Stelmach, R, Sterk, P J, Stiris, T, Sud, P, Tellier, V, To, T, Todo-Bom, A, Triggiani, M, Valenta, R, Valero, A L, Valiulis, A, Valovirta, E, Van Ganse, E, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, T, Vestbo, J, Vezzani, G, Viegi, G, Visier, L, Vogelmeier, C, Vontetsianos, T, Wagstaff, R, Wahn, U, Wallaert, B, Whalley, B, Wickman, M, Williams, D M, Wilson, N, Yawn, B P, Yiallouros, P K, Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O M, Zar, H J, Zhong, N, Zidarn, M, Zuberbier, T, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Bousquet, J, Addis, A, Adcock, I, Agache, I, Agusti, A, Alonso, A, Annesi-Maesano, I, Anto, J M, Bachert, C, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bai, C, Baigenzhin, A, Barbara, C, Barnes, P J, Bateman, E D, Beck, L, Bedbrook, A, Bel, E H, Benezet, O, Bennoor, K S, Benson, M, Bernabeu-Wittel, M, Bewick, M, Bindslev-Jensen, C, Blain, H, Blasi, F, Bonini, M, Bonini, S, Boulet, L P, Bourdin, A, Bourret, R, Bousquet, P J, Brightling, C E, Briggs, A, Brozek, J, Buhl, R, Bush, A, Caimmi, D, Calderon, M, Calverley, P, Camargos, P A, Camuzat, T, Canonica, G W, Carlsen, K H, Casale, T B, Cazzola, M, Cepeda Sarabia, A M, Cesario, A, Chen, Y Z, Chkhartishvili, E, Chavannes, N H, Chiron, R, Chuchalin, A, Chung, K F, Cox, L, Crooks, G, Crooks, M G, Cruz, A A, Custovic, A, Dahl, R, Dahlen, S E, De Blay, F, Dedeu, T, Deleanu, D, Demoly, P, Devillier, P, Didier, A, Dinh-Xuan, A T, Djukanovic, R, Dokic, D, Douagui, H, Dubakiene, R, Eglin, S, Elliot, F, Emuzyte, R, Fabbri, L, Fink Wagner, A, Fletcher, M, Fokkens, W J, Fonseca, J, Franco, A, Frith, P, Furber, A, Gaga, M, Garcés, J, Garcia-Aymerich, J, Gamkrelidze, A, Gonzales-Diaz, S, Gouzi, F, Guzmán, M A, Haahtela, T, Harrison, D, Hayot, M, Heaney, L G, Heinrich, J, Hellings, P W, Hooper, J, Humbert, M, Hyland, M, Iaccarino, G, Jakovenko, D, Jardim, J R, Jeandel, C, Jenkins, C, Johnston, S L, Jonquet, O, Joos, G, Jung, K S, Kalayci, O, Karunanithi, S, Keil, T, Khaltaev, N, Kolek, V, Kowalski, M L, Kull, I, Kuna, P, Kvedariene, V, Le, L T, Lodrup Carlsen, K C, Louis, R, MacNee, W, Mair, A, Majer, I, Manning, P, de Manuel Keenoy, E, Masjedi, M R, Melen, E, Melo-Gomes, E, Menzies-Gow, A, Mercier, G, Mercier, J, Michel, J P, Miculinic, N, Mihaltan, F, Milenkovic, B, Molimard, M, Momas, I, Montilla-Santana, A, Morais-Almeida, M, Morgan, M, N'Diaye, M, Nafti, S, Nekam, K, Neou, A, Nicod, L, O'Hehir, R, Ohta, K, Paggiaro, P, Palkonen, S, Palmer, S, Papadopoulos, N G, Papi, A, Passalacqua, G, Pavord, I, Pigearias, B, Plavec, D, Postma, D S, Price, D, Rabe, K F, Radier Pontal, F, Redon, J, Rennard, S, Roberts, J, Robine, J M, Roca, J, Roche, N, Rodenas, F, Roggeri, A, Rolland, C, Rosado-Pinto, J, Ryan, D, Samolinski, B, Sanchez-Borges, M, Schünemann, H J, Sheikh, A, Shields, M, Siafakas, N, Sibille, Yves, Similowski, T, Small, I, Sola-Morales, O, Sooronbaev, T, Stelmach, R, Sterk, P J, Stiris, T, Sud, P, Tellier, V, To, T, Todo-Bom, A, Triggiani, M, Valenta, R, Valero, A L, Valiulis, A, Valovirta, E, Van Ganse, E, Vandenplas, Olivier, Vasankari, T, Vestbo, J, Vezzani, G, Viegi, G, Visier, L, Vogelmeier, C, Vontetsianos, T, Wagstaff, R, Wahn, U, Wallaert, B, Whalley, B, Wickman, M, Williams, D M, Wilson, N, Yawn, B P, Yiallouros, P K, Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O M, Zar, H J, Zhong, N, Zidarn, M, and Zuberbier, T

Published
2014

32. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA): achievements in 10 years and future needs.

Author

UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Bousquet, J, Schünemann, H J, Samolinski, B, Demoly, P, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bachert, C, Bonini, S, Boulet, L P, Bousquet, P J, Brozek, J L, Canonica, G W, Casale, T B, Cruz, A A, Fokkens, W J, Fonseca, J A, van Wijk, R Gerth, Grouse, L, Haahtela, T, Khaltaev, N, Kuna, P, Lockey, R F, Lodrup Carlsen, K C, Mullol, J, Naclerio, R, O'Hehir, R E, Ohta, K, Palkonen, S, Papadopoulos, N G, Passalacqua, G, Pawankar, R, Price, D, Ryan, D, Simons, F E R, Togias, A, Williams, D, Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O M, Aberer, W, Adachi, M, Agache, I, Aït-Khaled, N, Akdis, C A, Andrianarisoa, A, Annesi-Maesano, I, Ansotegui, I J, Baiardini, I, Bateman, E D, Bedbrook, A, Beghé, B, Beji, M, Bel, E H, Ben Kheder, A, Bennoor, K S, Bergmann, K C, Berrissoul, F, Bieber, T, Bindslev Jensen, C, Blaiss, M S, Boner, A L, Bouchard, J, Braido, F, Brightling, C E, Bush, A, Caballero, F, Calderon, M A, Calvo, M A, Camargos, P A M, Caraballo, L R, Carlsen, K H, Carr, W, Cepeda, A M, Cesario, A, Chavannes, N H, Chen, Y Z, Chiriac, A M, Chivato Pérez, T, Chkhartishvili, E, Ciprandi, G, Costa, D J, Cox, L, Custovic, A, Dahl, R, Darsow, U, De Blay, F, Deleanu, D, Denburg, J A, Devillier, P, Didi, T, Dokic, D, Dolen, W K, Douagui, H, Dubakiene, R, Durham, S R, Dykewicz, M S, El-Gamal, Y, El-Meziane, A, Emuzyte, R, Fiocchi, A, Fletcher, M, Fukuda, T, Gamkrelidze, A, Gereda, J E, González Diaz, S, Gotua, M, Guzmán, M A, Hellings, P W, Hellquist-Dahl, B, Horak, F, Hourihane, J O'B, Howarth, P, Humbert, M, Ivancevich, J C, Jackson, C, Just, J, Kalayci, O, Kaliner, M A, Kalyoncu, A F, Keil, T, Keith, P K, Khayat, G, Kim, Y Y, Koffi N'goran, B, Koppelman, G H, Kowalski, M L, Kull, I, Kvedariene, V, Larenas-Linnemann, D, Le, L T, Lemière, C, Li, J, Lieberman, P, Lipworth, B, Mahboub, B, Makela, M J, Martin, F, Marshall, G D, Martinez, F D, Masjedi, M R, Maurer, M, Mavale-Manuel, S, Mazon, A, Melen, E, Meltzer, E O, Mendez, N H, Merk, H, Mihaltan, F, Mohammad, Y, Morais-Almeida, M, Muraro, A, Nafti, S, Namazova-Baranova, L, Nekam, K, Neou, A, Niggemann, B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E, Nyembue, T D, Okamoto, Y, Okubo, K, Orru, M P, Ouedraogo, S, Ozdemir, C, Panzner, P, Pali-Schöll, I, Park, H S, Pigearias, B, Pohl, W, Popov, T A, Postma, D S, Potter, P, Rabe, K F, Ratomaharo, J, Reitamo, S, Ring, J, Roberts, R, Rogala, B, Romano, A, Roman Rodriguez, M, Rosado-Pinto, J, Rosenwasser, L, Rottem, M, Sanchez-Borges, M, Scadding, G K, Schmid-Grendelmeier, P, Sheikh, A, Sisul, J C, Solé, D, Sooronbaev, T, Spicak, V, Spranger, O, Stein, R T, Stoloff, S W, Sunyer, J, Szczeklik, A, Todo-Bom, A, Toskala, E, Tremblay, Y, Valenta, R, Valero, A L, Valeyre, D, Valiulis, A, Valovirta, E, Van Cauwenberge, P, Vandenplas, Olivier, van Weel, C, Vichyanond, P, Viegi, G, Wang, D Y, Wickman, M, Wöhrl, S, Wright, J, Yawn, B P, Yiallouros, P K, Zar, H J, Zernotti, M E, Zhong, N, Zidarn, M, Zuberbier, T, Burney, P G, Johnston, S L, Warner, J O, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Bousquet, J, Schünemann, H J, Samolinski, B, Demoly, P, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bachert, C, Bonini, S, Boulet, L P, Bousquet, P J, Brozek, J L, Canonica, G W, Casale, T B, Cruz, A A, Fokkens, W J, Fonseca, J A, van Wijk, R Gerth, Grouse, L, Haahtela, T, Khaltaev, N, Kuna, P, Lockey, R F, Lodrup Carlsen, K C, Mullol, J, Naclerio, R, O'Hehir, R E, Ohta, K, Palkonen, S, Papadopoulos, N G, Passalacqua, G, Pawankar, R, Price, D, Ryan, D, Simons, F E R, Togias, A, Williams, D, Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O M, Aberer, W, Adachi, M, Agache, I, Aït-Khaled, N, Akdis, C A, Andrianarisoa, A, Annesi-Maesano, I, Ansotegui, I J, Baiardini, I, Bateman, E D, Bedbrook, A, Beghé, B, Beji, M, Bel, E H, Ben Kheder, A, Bennoor, K S, Bergmann, K C, Berrissoul, F, Bieber, T, Bindslev Jensen, C, Blaiss, M S, Boner, A L, Bouchard, J, Braido, F, Brightling, C E, Bush, A, Caballero, F, Calderon, M A, Calvo, M A, Camargos, P A M, Caraballo, L R, Carlsen, K H, Carr, W, Cepeda, A M, Cesario, A, Chavannes, N H, Chen, Y Z, Chiriac, A M, Chivato Pérez, T, Chkhartishvili, E, Ciprandi, G, Costa, D J, Cox, L, Custovic, A, Dahl, R, Darsow, U, De Blay, F, Deleanu, D, Denburg, J A, Devillier, P, Didi, T, Dokic, D, Dolen, W K, Douagui, H, Dubakiene, R, Durham, S R, Dykewicz, M S, El-Gamal, Y, El-Meziane, A, Emuzyte, R, Fiocchi, A, Fletcher, M, Fukuda, T, Gamkrelidze, A, Gereda, J E, González Diaz, S, Gotua, M, Guzmán, M A, Hellings, P W, Hellquist-Dahl, B, Horak, F, Hourihane, J O'B, Howarth, P, Humbert, M, Ivancevich, J C, Jackson, C, Just, J, Kalayci, O, Kaliner, M A, Kalyoncu, A F, Keil, T, Keith, P K, Khayat, G, Kim, Y Y, Koffi N'goran, B, Koppelman, G H, Kowalski, M L, Kull, I, Kvedariene, V, Larenas-Linnemann, D, Le, L T, Lemière, C, Li, J, Lieberman, P, Lipworth, B, Mahboub, B, Makela, M J, Martin, F, Marshall, G D, Martinez, F D, Masjedi, M R, Maurer, M, Mavale-Manuel, S, Mazon, A, Melen, E, Meltzer, E O, Mendez, N H, Merk, H, Mihaltan, F, Mohammad, Y, Morais-Almeida, M, Muraro, A, Nafti, S, Namazova-Baranova, L, Nekam, K, Neou, A, Niggemann, B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E, Nyembue, T D, Okamoto, Y, Okubo, K, Orru, M P, Ouedraogo, S, Ozdemir, C, Panzner, P, Pali-Schöll, I, Park, H S, Pigearias, B, Pohl, W, Popov, T A, Postma, D S, Potter, P, Rabe, K F, Ratomaharo, J, Reitamo, S, Ring, J, Roberts, R, Rogala, B, Romano, A, Roman Rodriguez, M, Rosado-Pinto, J, Rosenwasser, L, Rottem, M, Sanchez-Borges, M, Scadding, G K, Schmid-Grendelmeier, P, Sheikh, A, Sisul, J C, Solé, D, Sooronbaev, T, Spicak, V, Spranger, O, Stein, R T, Stoloff, S W, Sunyer, J, Szczeklik, A, Todo-Bom, A, Toskala, E, Tremblay, Y, Valenta, R, Valero, A L, Valeyre, D, Valiulis, A, Valovirta, E, Van Cauwenberge, P, Vandenplas, Olivier, van Weel, C, Vichyanond, P, Viegi, G, Wang, D Y, Wickman, M, Wöhrl, S, Wright, J, Yawn, B P, Yiallouros, P K, Zar, H J, Zernotti, M E, Zhong, N, Zidarn, M, Zuberbier, T, Burney, P G, Johnston, S L, and Warner, J O

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently coexist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization workshop in 1999 (published in 2001). ARIA has reclassified AR as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification closely reflects patients' needs and underlines the close relationship between rhinitis and asthma. Patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are confronted with various treatment choices for the management of AR. This contributes to considerable variation in clinical practice, and worldwide, patients, clinicians, and other health care professionals are faced with uncertainty about the relative merits and downsides of the various treatment options. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of AR and asthma comorbidities based on the Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. ARIA is disseminated and implemented in more than 50 countries of the world. Ten years after the publication of the ARIA World Health Organization workshop report, it is important to make a summary of its achievements and identify the still unmet clinical, research, and implementation needs to strengthen the 2011 European Union Priority on allergy and asthma in children.

Published
2012

33. Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper

Author

UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Bousquet, Jean, Schünemann, H J, Zuberbier, T, Bachert, C, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bousquet, P J, Brozek, J, Canonica, G W, Casale, T B, Demoly, P, Gerth van Wijk, R, Ohta, K, Bateman, E D, Calderon, M, Cruz, A A, Dolen, W K, Haughney, J, Lockey, R F, Lötvall, J, O'Byrne, P, Spranger, O, Togias, A, Bonini, S, Boulet, L P, Camargos, P, Carlsen, K H, Chavannes, N H, Delgado, L, Durham, S R, Fokkens, W J, Fonseca, J, Haahtela, T, Kalayci, O, Kowalski, M L, Larenas-Linnemann, D, Li, J, Mohammad, Y, Mullol, J, Naclerio, R, O'Hehir, R E, Papadopoulos, N, Passalacqua, G, Rabe, K F, Pawankar, R, Ryan, D, Samolinski, B, Simons, F E R, Valovirta, E, Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O M, Agache, I, Aït-Khaled, N, Annesi-Maesano, I, Beghe, B, Ben Kheder, A, Blaiss, M S, Boakye, D A, Bouchard, J, Burney, P G, Busse, W W, Chan-Yeung, M, Chen, Y, Chuchalin, A G, Costa, D J, Custovic, A, Dahl, R, Denburg, J, Douagui, H, Emuzyte, R, Grouse, L, Humbert, M, Jackson, C, Johnston, S L, Kaliner, M A, Keith, P K, Kim, Y Y, Klossek, J M, Kuna, P, Le, L T, Lemiere, C, Lipworth, B, Mahboub, B, Malo, J L, Marshall, G D, Mavale-Manuel, S, Meltzer, E O, Morais-Almeida, M, Motala, C, Naspitz, C, Nekam, K, Niggemann, B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E, Okamoto, Y, Orru, M P, Ouedraogo, S, Palkonen, S, Popov, T A, Price, D, Rosado-Pinto, J, Scadding, G K, Sooronbaev, T M, Stoloff, S W, Toskala, E, van Cauwenberge, P, Vandenplas, Olivier, van Weel, C, Viegi, G, Virchow, J C, Wang, D Y, Wickman, M, Williams, D, Yawn, B P, Zar, H J, Zernotti, M, Zhong, N, UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Bousquet, Jean, Schünemann, H J, Zuberbier, T, Bachert, C, Baena-Cagnani, C E, Bousquet, P J, Brozek, J, Canonica, G W, Casale, T B, Demoly, P, Gerth van Wijk, R, Ohta, K, Bateman, E D, Calderon, M, Cruz, A A, Dolen, W K, Haughney, J, Lockey, R F, Lötvall, J, O'Byrne, P, Spranger, O, Togias, A, Bonini, S, Boulet, L P, Camargos, P, Carlsen, K H, Chavannes, N H, Delgado, L, Durham, S R, Fokkens, W J, Fonseca, J, Haahtela, T, Kalayci, O, Kowalski, M L, Larenas-Linnemann, D, Li, J, Mohammad, Y, Mullol, J, Naclerio, R, O'Hehir, R E, Papadopoulos, N, Passalacqua, G, Rabe, K F, Pawankar, R, Ryan, D, Samolinski, B, Simons, F E R, Valovirta, E, Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O M, Agache, I, Aït-Khaled, N, Annesi-Maesano, I, Beghe, B, Ben Kheder, A, Blaiss, M S, Boakye, D A, Bouchard, J, Burney, P G, Busse, W W, Chan-Yeung, M, Chen, Y, Chuchalin, A G, Costa, D J, Custovic, A, Dahl, R, Denburg, J, Douagui, H, Emuzyte, R, Grouse, L, Humbert, M, Jackson, C, Johnston, S L, Kaliner, M A, Keith, P K, Kim, Y Y, Klossek, J M, Kuna, P, Le, L T, Lemiere, C, Lipworth, B, Mahboub, B, Malo, J L, Marshall, G D, Mavale-Manuel, S, Meltzer, E O, Morais-Almeida, M, Motala, C, Naspitz, C, Nekam, K, Niggemann, B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka, E, Okamoto, Y, Orru, M P, Ouedraogo, S, Palkonen, S, Popov, T A, Price, D, Rosado-Pinto, J, Scadding, G K, Sooronbaev, T M, Stoloff, S W, Toskala, E, van Cauwenberge, P, Vandenplas, Olivier, van Weel, C, Viegi, G, Virchow, J C, Wang, D Y, Wickman, M, Williams, D, Yawn, B P, Zar, H J, Zernotti, M, and Zhong, N

Abstract

The links between asthma and rhinitis are well characterized. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines stress the importance of these links and provide guidance for their prevention and treatment. Despite effective treatments being available, too few patients receive appropriate medical care for both diseases. Most patients with rhinitis and asthma consult primary care physicians and therefore these physicians are encouraged to understand and use ARIA guidelines. Patients should also be informed about these guidelines to raise their awareness of optimal care and increase control of the two related diseases. To apply these guidelines, clinicians and patients need to understand how and why the recommendations were made. The goal of the ARIA guidelines is to provide recommendations about the best management options for most patients in most situations. These recommendations should be based on the best available evidence. Making recommendations requires the assessment of the quality of available evidence, deciding on the balance between benefits and downsides, consideration of patients’ values and preferences, and, if applicable, resource implications. Guidelines must be updated as new management options become available or important new evidence emerges. Transparent reporting of guidelines facilitates understanding and acceptance, but implementation strategies need to be improved.

Published
2010

34. Uniform definition of asthma severity, control, and exacerbations: Document presented for the World Health Organization Consultation on Severe Asthma

Author

Bousquet, J, Mantzouranis, Eva, Cruz, Alvaro A., Togias, A, Khaled, Ait, Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bleecker, Eugene R., Brightling, Chris E., Burney, David A., van Weel, Chris, Bousquet, J, Mantzouranis, Eva, Cruz, Alvaro A., Togias, A, Khaled, Ait, Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bleecker, Eugene R., Brightling, Chris E., Burney, David A., and van Weel, Chris

Abstract

Asthma is a global health problem affecting around 300 million individuals of all ages, ethnic groups and countries. It is estimated that around 250,000 people die prematurely each year as a result of asthma. Concepts of asthma severity and control are important in evaluating patients and their response to treatment, as well as for public health, registries, and research (clinical trials, epidemiologic, genetic, and mechanistic studies), but the terminology applied is not standardized, and terms are often used interchangeably. A common international approach is favored to define severe asthma, uncontrolled asthma, and when the 2 coincide, although adaptation may be required in accordance with local conditions. A World Health Organization meeting was convened April 5-6, 2009, to propose a uniform definition of severe asthma. An article was written by a group of experts and reviewed by the Global Alliance against Chronic Respiratory Diseases review group. Severe asthma is defined by the level of current clinical control and risks as "Uncontrolled asthma which can result in risk of frequent severe exacerbations (or death) and/or adverse reactions to medications and/or chronic morbidity (including impaired lung function or reduced lung growth in children)." Severe asthma includes 3 groups, each carrying different public health messages and challenges: (1) untreated severe asthma, (2) difficult-to-treat severe asthma, and (3) treatment-resistant severe asthma. The last group includes asthma for which control is not achieved despite the highest level of recommended treatment and asthma for which control can be maintained only with the highest level of recommended treatment.

Published
2010

35. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 update: In collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA(2)LEN and AllerGen [ARIA update 2008: Die allergische rhinitis und ihr einfluss auf das asthma]

Author

Bousquet, J, Khaltaev, N, Cruz , A.A., Denburg, J, Fokkens, W. J., Togias, A, Zuberbier, T., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Canonica, G. W., van Weel, Chris, Bousquet, J, Khaltaev, N, Cruz , A.A., Denburg, J, Fokkens, W. J., Togias, A, Zuberbier, T., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Canonica, G. W., and van Weel, Chris

Published
2009

36. Allergic rhinitis management pocket reference 2008

Author

Bousquet, J, Reid, J, Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Canonica, G. W., Demoly, P, Denburg, J, Fokkens, W. J., Grouse, L, Mullol, K., Ohta, K., Schermer, Tjard R.J., Valovirta, E, Zhong, N., Zuberbier, T., van Weel, Chris, Bousquet, J, Reid, J, Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Canonica, G. W., Demoly, P, Denburg, J, Fokkens, W. J., Grouse, L, Mullol, K., Ohta, K., Schermer, Tjard R.J., Valovirta, E, Zhong, N., Zuberbier, T., and van Weel, Chris

Abstract

Allergic rhinitis is a major chronic respiratory disease because of its prevalence, impacts on quality of life and work/school performance, economic burden, and links with asthma. Family doctors (also known as 'primary care physicians' or 'general practitioners') play a major role in the management of allergic rhinitis as they make the diagnosis, start the treatment, give the relevant information, and monitor most of the patients. Disease management that follows evidence-based practice guidelines yields better patient results, but such guidelines are often complicated and may recommend the use of resources not available in the family practice setting. A joint expert panel of the World Organization of Family Doctors (Wonca), the International Primary Care Airways Group (IPAG) and the International Primary Care Respiratory Group (IPCRG), offers support to family doctors worldwide by distilling the globally accepted, evidence-based recommendations from the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) initiative into this brief reference guide.This guide provides tools intended to supplement a thorough history taking and the clinician's professional judgment in order to provide the best possible care for patients with allergic rhinitis. A diagnostic Questionnaire specifically focuses the physician's attention on key symptoms and markers of the disease. When questionnaire responses suggest a diagnosis of allergic rhinitis, a Diagnosis Guide and a simple flowchart then lead the clinician through a series of investigations commonly available in primary care to support the diagnosis. In addition, key aspects of differential diagnosis are illuminated. According to ARIA, allergic rhinitis may be classified as Intermittent or Persistent, and as Mild or Moderate/Severe. The classification of rhinitis determines the treatment necessary, as set out in an ARIA flowchart included in this guide. The guide also includes information about the strength of evidence for efficacy of

Published
2008

38. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens

Author

Bousquet, J., primary, Heinzerling, L., additional, Bachert, C., additional, Papadopoulos, N. G., additional, Bousquet, P. J., additional, Burney, P. G., additional, Canonica, G. W., additional, Carlsen, K. H., additional, Cox, L., additional, Haahtela, T., additional, Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., additional, Price, D., additional, Samolinski, B., additional, Simons, F. E. R., additional, Wickman, M., additional, Annesi-Maesano, I., additional, Baena-Cagnani, C. E., additional, Bergmann, K. C., additional, Bindslev-Jensen, C., additional, Casale, T. B., additional, Chiriac, A., additional, Cruz, A. A., additional, Dubakiene, R., additional, Durham, S. R., additional, Fokkens, W. J., additional, Gerth-van-Wijk, R., additional, Kalayci, O., additional, Kowalski, M. L., additional, Mari, A., additional, Mullol, J., additional, Nazamova-Baranova, L., additional, O’Hehir, R. E., additional, Ohta, K., additional, Panzner, P., additional, Passalacqua, G., additional, Ring, J., additional, Rogala, B., additional, Romano, A., additional, Ryan, D., additional, Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., additional, Todo-Bom, A., additional, Valenta, R., additional, Woehrl, S., additional, Yusuf, O. M., additional, Zuberbier, T., additional, and Demoly, P., additional

Published
2011
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39. Prioritised research agenda for prevention and control of chronic respiratory diseases

Author

Bousquet, J., primary, Kiley, J., additional, Bateman, E. D., additional, Viegi, G., additional, Cruz, A. A., additional, Khaltaev, N., additional, Ait Khaled, N., additional, Baena-Cagnani, C. E., additional, Barreto, M. L., additional, Billo, N., additional, Canonica, G. W., additional, Carlsen, K.-H., additional, Chavannes, N., additional, Chuchalin, A., additional, Drazen, J., additional, Fabbri, L. M., additional, Gerbase, M. W., additional, Humbert, M., additional, Joos, G., additional, Masjedi, M. R., additional, Makino, S., additional, Rabe, K., additional, To, T., additional, and Zhi, L., additional

Published
2010
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43. Systematic Review on the Efficacy of Fexofenadine in Seasonal Allergic Rhinitis: A Meta-Analysis of Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trials.

Author

Compalati, E., Baena-Cagnani, R., Penagos, M., Badellino, H., Braido, F., Gómez, R. M., Canonica, G. W., and Baena-Cagnani, C. E.

Subjects
FEXOFENADINE, HAY fever treatment, META-analysis, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, BLIND experiment, EVIDENCE-based medicine
Abstract

Rationale: Evidence-based medicine represents the effort to highlight the best intervention for patients, clinicians, and policy makers, each from their respective viewpoint, to solve a particular health condition. According to a recently diffused grading system of evidence and recommendations for medical interventions, efficacy and safety represent 2 of the most important features to consider, and data from meta-analyses of randomized controlled clinical trials (RCTs) is the strongest supporting demonstration. Fexofenadine has been used for its efficacy and safety in the treatment of allergic rhinitis (AR) for many years although no meta-analyses supporting its use currently exist. The aim of this study is to assess for the first time the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine in the treatment of AR by means of a meta-analytic analysis of existing RCTs. Since specific evidence should be provided to address recommendations in a pediatric population, the quality of the estimates of this subgroup analysis is assessed. Methods: All double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trials assessing the efficacy of fexofenadine in AR were searched for in OVID, Medline, and Embase databases up to December 2007. Outcomes were extracted from original articles; when this information was not available, the authors of each trial were contacted. Some graphics were digitalized. The RevMan 5 program was used to perform the analysis. GradePro 3.2.2 was used to assess the quality of the evidence for a pediatric population. Results: Of 2,152 identified articles, 20 were potentially relevant trials. Eight studies satisfied the inclusion criteria and were included in the meta-analysis. The main reasons for exclusion were: unnatural exposure, strong study limitations, an atypical outcome measurement, a design for other outcomes, and not being a placebo-controlled, single-blind study. Seven trials investigated a mixed population of adults and children, 1 trial investigated only children, and 1 trial only adults. In 1,833 patients receiving fexofenadine (1,699 placebo), a significant reduction of the daily reflective total symptom scores (TSS) (SMD -0.42; 95% CI -0.49 to -0.35, p < 0.00001) was found. Positive results were also found for morning instantaneous TSS and individual nasal symptom scores (sneezing, rhinorrhea, itching, and congestion). The safety analysis did not show a significant difference in reported adverse events (AE) between the active and placebo treatment groups (OR = 1.03; 95% CI 0.87-1.22, p = 0.75). A very low heterogeneity between the studies was detected, so a fixed-effects model was used. The mean quality level of the included trials was medium. Specific information for a pediatric population may be assumed with a moderate quality of evidence from only 1 study and with a low quality of evidence, mainly due to indirectness, from the others. Conclusions: This study has 5 major strengths: it represents the first attempt to evaluate the efficacy and safety of fexofenadine in the treatment of AR by means of a meta-analysis of RCTs; there was consistency between positive results in terms of efficacy in TSS and in individual symptoms; a large population was studied; there was an irrelevant interstudy heterogeneity, and the AE frequency was similar in both groups. All of these values encourage the recommendation of fexofenadine for AR. Further research focused on the benefits and disadvantages for a pediatric population is needed. Copyright © 2011 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2011
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44. Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper.

Author

Bousquet, J., Schünemann, H. J., Zuberbier, T., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bousquet, P. J., Brozek, J., Canonica, G. W., Casale, T. B., Demoly, P., Gerth van Wijk, R., Ohta, K., Bateman, E. D., Calderon, M., Cruz, A. A., Dolen, W. K., Haughney, J., Lockey, R. F., Lötvall, J., and O’Byrne, P.

Subjects
ASTHMA, ALLERGIC rhinitis, ALLERGY treatment, RHINITIS, ASTHMATICS
Abstract

To cite this article: Bousquet J, Schünemann HJ, Zuberbier T, Bachert C, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bousquet PJ, Brozek J, Canonica GW, Casale TB, Demoly P, Gerth van Wijk R, Ohta K, Bateman ED, Calderon M, Cruz AA, Dolen WK, Haughney J, Lockey RF, Lötvall J, O’Byrne P, Spranger O, Togias A, Bonini S, Boulet LP, Camargos P, Carlsen KH, Chavannes NH, Delgado L, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ, Fonseca J, Haahtela T, Kalayci O, Kowalski ML, Larenas-Linnemann D, Li J, Mohammad Y, Mullol J, Naclerio R, O’Hehir RE, Papadopoulos N, Passalacqua G, Rabe KF, Pawankar R, Ryan D, Samolinski B, Simons FER, Valovirta E, Yorgancioglu A, Yusuf OM, Agache I, Aït-Khaled N, Annesi-Maesano I, Beghe B, Ben Kheder A, Blaiss MS, Boakye DA, Bouchard J, Burney PG, Busse WW, Chan-Yeung M, Chen Y, Chuchalin AG, Costa DJ, Custovic A, Dahl R, Denburg J, Douagui H, Emuzyte R, Grouse L, Humbert M, Jackson C, Johnston SL, Kaliner MA, Keith PK, Kim YY, Klossek JM, Kuna P, Le LT, Lemiere C, Lipworth B, Mahboub B, Malo JL, Marshall GD, Mavale-Manuel S, Meltzer EO, Morais-Almeida M, Motala C, Naspitz C, Nekam K, Niggemann B, Nizankowska-Mogilnicka E, Okamoto Y, Orru MP, Ouedraogo S, Palkonen S, Popov TA, Price D, Rosado-Pinto J, Scadding GK, Sooronbaev TM, Stoloff SW, Toskala E, van Cauwenberge P, Vandenplas O, van Weel C, Viegi G, Virchow JC, Wang DY, Wickman M, Williams D, Yawn BP, Zar HJ, Zernotti M, Zhong N, In collaboration with the WHO Collaborating Center of Asthma and Rhinitis (Montpellier). Development and implementation of guidelines in allergic rhinitis – an ARIA-GA2LEN paper. Allergy 2010; 65: 1212–1221. The links between asthma and rhinitis are well characterized. The Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) guidelines stress the importance of these links and provide guidance for their prevention and treatment. Despite effective treatments being available, too few patients receive appropriate medical care for both diseases. Most patients with rhinitis and asthma consult primary care physicians and therefore these physicians are encouraged to understand and use ARIA guidelines. Patients should also be informed about these guidelines to raise their awareness of optimal care and increase control of the two related diseases. To apply these guidelines, clinicians and patients need to understand how and why the recommendations were made. The goal of the ARIA guidelines is to provide recommendations about the best management options for most patients in most situations. These recommendations should be based on the best available evidence. Making recommendations requires the assessment of the quality of available evidence, deciding on the balance between benefits and downsides, consideration of patients' values and preferences, and, if applicable, resource implications. Guidelines must be updated as new management options become available or important new evidence emerges. Transparent reporting of guidelines facilitates understanding and acceptance, but implementation strategies need to be improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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45. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) 2008 Update (in collaboration with the World Health Organization, GA2LEN.

Author

Bousquet, J., Khaltaev, N., Cruz, A. A., Denburg, J., Fokkens, W. J., Togias, A., Zuberbier, T., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Canonica, G. W., Van Weel, C., Agache, I., Aït-Khaled, N., Bachert, C., Blaiss, M. S., Bonini, S., Boulet, L.-P., Bousquet, P.-J., Camargos, P., Carlsen, K.-H., and Chen, Y.

Subjects
ALLERGIC rhinitis, ASTHMA, IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, WORLD health
Abstract

The article presents information on allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma (ARIA). It informs that allergic rhinitis is a symptomatic disorder of the nose which is induced when exposed to allergen by an immunoglobulin E-mediated inflammation of the membranes lining the nose. It is noted that allergic rhinitis is a global health problem and the World Health Organization in the ARIA workshop updated guidelines concerning the disorder.

Published
2008
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46. Pharmacologic and anti-IgE treatment of allergic rhinitis ARIA update (in collaboration with GA2LEN).

Author

Bousquet, J., van Cauwenberge, P., Aït Khaled, N., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Bouchard, J., Bunnag, C., Canonica, G. W., Carlsen, K.-H., Chen, Y.-Z., Cruz, A. A., Custovic, A., Demoly, P., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S., Fokkens, W., Howarth, P., Kemp, J., Kowalski, M. L., and Kvedariene, V.

Subjects
RHINITIS treatment, DRUGS, IMMUNOGLOBULIN E, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, SYMPTOMS, ALLERGIES
Abstract

The pharmacologic treatment of allergic rhinitis proposed by ARIA is an evidence-based and step-wise approach based on the classification of the symptoms. The ARIA workshop, held in December 1999, published a report in 2001 and new information has subsequently been published. The initial ARIA document lacked some important information on several issues. This document updates the ARIA sections on the pharmacologic and anti-IgE treatments of allergic rhinitis. Literature published between January 2000 and December 2004 has been included. Only a few studies assessing nasal and non-nasal symptoms are presented as these will be discussed in a separate document. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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49. ARIA (Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma) - Achievements in 10 years and future needs Exekutivní souhrn - Executive summary | ARIA (alergická rýma a její vztah k astmatu) Čeho bylo dosaženo za 10 let a potřeby v budoucnu

Author

Petr Panzner, Špičák, V., Seberová, E., Pohunek, P., Bachert, C., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Casale, T. B., Chen, Y. Z., Cruz, A. A., Demoly, P., Fokkens, W. J., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Mohammad, Y., Mullol, J., Ohta, K., Papadopoulos, N. G., Pawankar, R., Samolinski, B., Schünemann, H. J., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zuberbier, T., and Bousquet, J.

50. The impact of the method of consent on response rates in the ISAAC time trends study

Author

Ellwood, P., Asher, M. I., Stewart, A. W., Aït-Khaled, N., Anderson, H. R., Beasley, R., Björkstén, B., Brunekreef, B., Crane, J., Flohr, C., Foliaki, S., Forastiere, F., García-Marcos, L., Keil, U., Lai, C. K. W., Mallol, J., Mitchell, E. A., Montefort, S., Odhiambo, J., Pearce, N., Robertson, C. F., Strachan, D., Mutius, E., Weiland, S. K., Weinmayr, G., Williams, H., Wong, G., Clayton, T. O., Benhabylès, B., Esamai, F. O., Ng Ang A, L., Bouayad, Z., Onadeko, B. O., Heather Zar, Jerray, M., Chen, Y. Z., Zhong, N. -S, Lau, Y. L., Kartasasmita, C. B., Odajima, H., Teh, K. H., Bruyne, J., Quah, B. S., Cua-Lim, F., Goh, D. Y. T., Lee, H. -B, Huang, J. -L, Vichyanond, P., Trakultivakom, M., Masjedi, M. -R, Al-Momen, J. A., Mahmood, N., Al-Rawas, O., Khatav, V. A., Kumar, L., Setty, G., Jain, K. C., Sukumaran, T. U., Joshi, M. K., Pherwani, A. V., Sharma, S. K., Hanumante, N. M., Guimaraes, I. M. E., Baena-Cagnani, C. E., Rosário, N., Fischer, G. B., Britto, M., Freitas Souza, L., Solé, D., Amarales, L., Aguilar, P., Calvo, M. A., Soto-Quirós, M. E., Romieu, I., Cukier, G., Guggiari-Chase, J. A., Chiarella, P., Holgado, D., Howitt, M. E., Sears, M., Rennie, D., Yeatts, K., Redding, G. J., Priftanji, A., Riikjärv, M. -A, Pekkanen, J., Gotua, M., Svabe, V., Kudzyte, J., Lis, G., Breborowicz, A., Deleanu, D., Kondiourina, E. G., Vogt, H., Ognev, V., Marks, G., Moyes, C., Pattemore, P., Mackay, R., Haidinger, G., Weyler, J., Standring, P., Goulding, R., Steriu, A., Bonci, E., Galassi, C., Petronio, M. G., Chellini, E., Bisanti, L., Sestini, P., Ciccone, G., Piffer, S., Camâra, R., Rosado Pinto, J. E., Nunes, C., Dos Santos, J. M. L., Clancy, L., Busquets, R. M., González Díaz, C., Arnedo-Pena, A., Garcia Hernández, G., Guillén-Grima, F., Morales-Suarez-Varela, M. M., Blanco Quirós, A., Thames, N., Austin, J. B., Shamssain, M. H., Burr, M., Shah, J., Baratawidjaja, K., Nishima, S., Baeza-Bacab, M., Manning, P., Khaitov, R. M., Lee, B., and Nilsson, L.

Subjects
Consent, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Epidemiology, Medicine (all), ISAAC, Children, Asthma

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