Search

Guided by the bright and dark side described in Self-Determination Theory, and following hierarchical and integrative conceptualisation of motivational climates, the primary objective of this research was to test the predictive relationships between pre-service teachers’ perceptions of educator-created (dis-)empowering climates and need-based and novelty-based experiences with their academic self-concept. Bearing in mind that the pre-service teachers’ academic self-concept might vary depending on the knowledge domain, a secondary objective was to test invariance in the predictive model across the four knowledge domains (i.e. STEM, social studies, language, and physical education). The convenience sample included 1,410 pre-service secondary teachers (40.30% men; Mage = 23.85; SDage = 5.13; domain: 23.2% STEM, 24.8% social studies, 30.5% language, and 21.4% physical education) who participated in this cross-sectional study. The results from the structural equation modelling showed positive relationships between an educator-created empowering climate and need and novelty satisfaction, and negative relationships with need and novelty frustration. A disempowering climate was positively associated with need and novelty frustration, and negatively related to novelty satisfaction. Need satisfaction and novelty satisfaction were positively associated with academic self-concept, while need frustration and novelty frustration were associated negatively. The paths were invariant across the knowledge domains of STEM, social studies, language, and physical education. The results show that, regardless of the knowledge domain, the educator-created motivational climate represents a differential social-contextual factor explaining the need-based and novelty-based experiences, and academic self-concept of pre-service teachers throughout their initial teacher education programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to explore, on one side, the differences between a group of athletes exercising outdoor (OG) and another group exercising indoor (IG) in stress and awareness, and, on the other side, between-group differences in the fMRI activations during the visualization of natural environment images versus urban images. In addition, we aimed to analyze the associations between the resulting task-related brain activations and stress and attention- awareness in each group separately. All the participants (N = 49; OG = 21, 11 females, mean age = 40, SD = 6.49; and IG = 25, 11 females, mean age = 40; 6.19) underwent an fMRI scan and completed the Perceived Stress Scale and the Mindful Attention Awareness Scale. Besides, we collected a sample of hair cortisol. Participants viewed three types of images: water nature, green nature and urban images. Two-sample t-test with corrected p=0.001 values were carried out. Further correlational analyses were performed to estimate the associations between task-related brain activations and our pyscho-emotional measures in each group. Fisher tests were used to explore for potential - differences in the correlational indexes. In OG, compared to IG, we found a higher activation of the middle occipital cortex and a cluster comprising the supplementary motor area (SMA), the premotor cortex and the pre-SMA while viewing green nature images versus urban images. In OG, more than in IG, the higher activation of the left SMA cluster negatively correlated with perceived stress, while in the IG, more than in OG, the higher premotor cortex activation was positively related to the total score on MAAS. No significant association was found with the hair cortisol levels. Exercising outdoor would relate to better psychoemotional outcomes, also for athletes. On the other side, the exposition to green nature led to higher activation of brain areas related to motor planning, but also to emotion regulation and emotional response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Spanish version of the Self-Estimated Functional Inability due to Pain Questionnaire (SEFIP) in Dance Conservatory students. For this purpose, the Self-Estimated Functional Inability Because Of Pain (SEFIP) instrument was used, translated into Spanish, validated by experts and administered to a total of 451 students from the Professional and Superior Dance Conservatories of Andalusia (418 females = 92.7%; 33 males = 7.3%) aged 10 and 48 years (M = 18.66; SD = 5.296). The structure of the instrument was then analysed using confirmatory procedures. The Spanish version of the instrument was named Cuestionario de Incapacidad Funcional Autoestimada debido al Dolor. The results show that the model that presents correct fits in the confirmatory analysis is the one-factor model. The model fit data were very good: χ2/gl = 3.37, p = .000; CFI = .94; NFI = .95; GFI = .91; RMSEA = .07 (90% CI = .603; .821). The results support the validity and reliability of this instrument in this population to be used to prevent injuries in dancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Since the 1990s, Spanish Physical Education registers the teaching of adventure bodily practices at school. There, they were initially called Physical Adventure Activities in Nature and, after 20 years of debate, they became defined as Physical Activities in the Natural Environment. OBJECTIVE: This text presents the methodologies and evaluation processes most used in physical education classes at the primary and secondary levels in an extract from the Spanish context when the content is the Adventure Bodily Practices. METHODS: For that, we used articles found in a specialized data base - the Outdoorpeactivies, and field records conducted during class follow-up. RESULTS: The results indicate that the most frequent methodologies are the '3 dimensions of content' (conceptual, procedural and attitudinal) and the 'technicist'. While the most frequent evaluation is given by the participation of the student in the activity and also by observation cards. CONCLUSION: About EF teaching methodology, the texts alternate predominantly between technical proposals and those based on the 3 dimensions of the content. Some cases indicate the use of adapted materials and / or the acquisition of technical gestures from one Adventure Bodily Practice as a tool for the appropriation of technical gestures from another. In the evaluations, the data obtained indicate an underestimation of this stage of the teaching-learning process, with 'participation' a widely used and valued criterion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to know which subjects in the curriculum best predict school satisfaction and boredom as well as the student's academic grade. The sample was of 680 adolescents of physical education (339 males, 341 females) with age between 12 and 18 years (M = 14.83; SD = 1.45). We used a questionnaire composed of the satisfaction scales with the subjects, intrinsic satisfaction in the school and related to academic grades. Descriptive analyses, correlations, and structural regression models were performed. The high levels of satisfaction and academic performance in physical education stand out. In the structural model, English is the subject that most predicts academic grades, while language predicts satisfaction at school and physical education boredom at it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adventure Races are competitions of great physical and psychological toughness, therefore, raiders must have a strong motivation to participate in these races. However, today there are no instruments to assess these reasons, therefore, the aim of this study was to validate a scale reasons for participation in Adventure Races. The sample consisted of 272 competitors in the Spanish League of Adventure Races, who completed a questionnaire before each competition. Exploration, psychometrics and confirmatory factor analyzes were performed using SPSS and Lisrel program. The results show that can be extracted 4 factors of that scale, although the model presented in the correct settings confirmatory analysis, is the model of a factor, based on the reasons for adventure races practices. The data support the validity and reliability of this scale in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze a set of socializing agents for sport and physical activities and to establish their relationship with leisure time sport and physical activities behaviors and practice patterns in samples of teenage students with different sociocultural backgrounds. The sample included 2168 students in their first year of secondary education, 423 of them being from Costa Rica, 408 from Mexico, and 1337 from Spain (1052 male students, 1037 female students, and 79 students who did not specify gender) aged 11-16 years old (M=12.49; SD=.81). A validated questionnaire with questions about leisure time sport and physical activities and socializing agents was used. Descriptive, inferential, and multinomial logistic regression analyses were carried out with SPSS 17.0 to compare all three countries. Costa Rica had the most active students, best friends' inactivity, and unsupportive parents being the agents predicting inactivity and a low level of sport and physical activities. Mexico has a high dropout rate and inactive students exceed active ones; no agent predicts inactivity or sport and physical activities pattern. Spain has the highest level of sport and physical activities practice, and parents, siblings, and friends are predicting agents of inactivity together with unsupportive parents and friends. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to find a model to predict satisfaction and fun to the physical education based on learning climate and considering supporting to the autonomy of teachers and the perception of autonomy of students. A sample of 758 secondary school students aged between 13 and 18 was used. The following instruments were used: the Spanish version adapted to Physical Education of Learning and Performance Orientations in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire, Learning Climate Questionnaire, Sport Satisfaction Instrument and autonomy factor in Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale. The results showed that learning motivational climate positively predicted perceived autonomy support on the teacher part and this predicted the self perception of autonomy on the part of students. In the same way, the perceived autonomy positively predicted satisfaction/fun and negatively boredom in class. In conclusion, teachers should foster a learning climate that supports and promotes the autonomy perceived autonomy in students for them to have fun in physical education classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective was to analyze a predictive model of support for autonomy and social goals of the intention to practice physical time. The participants consisted of 758 secondary school students from Murcia (Spain), aged 13-18 years. A questionnaire with the Learning Climate Quetionarire, Scale Social Goals, subscale Summary of Basic Psychological Needs, the factor of intrinsic motivation Motivation Scale in Sport and Intention to partake in leisure-time physical activity was used. Descriptive analyzes, correlations and structural equation modeling were performed. A significant correlation between intrinsic motivation and intent of physical practice was found. In the model, the relationship with others is mainly predicted by the goal of relationship and support for autonomy. The relationship, in turn strongly predicts intrinsic motivation, and it intends to future practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim was to analyze as satisfaction, motivation and beliefs of success in sport and leisure, can predict goal orientations in physical education. The sample of three countries was 2168 students (423 of Costa Rica, 408 of Mexico and 1337 of Spain), aged between 11 and 16 years. A questionnaire with scale 2×2 Achievement Goal Questionnaire, Satisfaction Intrinsic in Sport, Sport Motivation Scale and the Inventory of Perceived Beliefs about the Causes of Success in Sport was used. Psychometric properties were analyzed and conducted a hierarchical ANOVA and linear regression. The results show similar trends in all three countries, so that performance orientation is predicted by extrinsic motivation, while mastery orientation is predicted by the intrinsic, extrinsic motivation and effort. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the learning performance of students in secondary physical education lessons after receiving two teaching units in which the theoretical content of Anatomy, Physiology and Body Health, was given with the support of Moodle and Mahara 2.0. We used a quasi-experimental, descriptive and sectional design. The total sample consisted of 122 students in the 4th year of Secondary Education (ESO), 57 males and 65 females. We worked with an experimental group of 72 people who received theoretical training of two teaching units supported by Moodle 2.0 and Mahara, and a control group of 50 students who received no support classes of virtual platforms. Practical classes were similar in both groups. The measuring instrument was a multiple choice assessment questionnaire. Pretest measure was obtained before training and other measures after the intervention (posttest). Improvements were analyzed in each group according to the theoretical method used and compared the results obtained by analysis of gain score (posttest-pretest) with T-test for related samples. After intervention, the average score is greater than fifty percent in both groups, without significant gain scores of physiology, anatomy and health in the experimental group. These data confirm that the use of LMS platforms contribute more to the acquisition of this content among students. An important contribution in the field of EF is the fact that less theoretical contact hours are necessary, as the students work on time on the practical elective content made in class, thus having more hours of practice teaching time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate the factor structure of a Spanish version of the Sport Motivation Scale adapted to physical education. A second aim was to test which one of three hypothesized models (three, five and seven-factor) provided best model fit. 758 Spanish high school students completed the Sport Motivation Scale adapted for Physical Education and also completed the Learning and Performance Orientation in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire. We examined the factor structure of each model using confirmatory factor analysis and also assessed internal consistency and convergent validity. The results showed that all three models in Spanish produce good indicators of fitness, but we suggest using the seven-factor model (χ2/gl = 2.73; ECVI = 1.38) as it produces better values when adapted to physical education, that five-factor model (χ2/gl = 2.82; ECVI = 1.44) and three-factor model (χ2/gl = 3.02; ECVI = 1.53). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research has two main goals: (a) to analyze psychometric properties of the Perception of Success Questionnaire (POSQ) adapted to Physical Education (PE), and (b) to analyze the prediction of importance and usefulness granted to PE from goal orientations, perceived competence and student satisfaction. The questionnaire consisted of the following instruments: POSQ, Basic Psychological Needs in Exercise Scale, Satisfaction with PE and the Importance of PE. They were administered to 846 Spanish high school students aged 12 to 19 years. POSQ structure was analyzed by confirmatory procedures and it showed reliable internal consistency and a stable factor structure which supports the hypothesized theoretical model: ego and task orientation. Thus, it is considered a valid instrument to measure dispositional goal orientation in PE. For predicting the importance of PE from goal orientations, competence and satisfaction, it was used a structural equation model which confirmed that task orientation is the most influential on perceived competence, and the latter in satisfaction/fun. Fact that predicts the students consider the subject more important and useful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to analyze the mediating role of strategies to maintain classroom discipline between the motivational climate generated by the teacher and the students' satisfaction with physical education classes. The research design was observational, descriptive, cross-sectional, and non-randomized. In total, 2147 secondary school physical education students participated (Mage = 15.05; SD = 1.45) (male = 1050; female = 1097). A structural equation model was calculated with latent variables controlled by the teacher's sex and time of service and using the scales of the motivational climate, the teacher's strategies for maintaining classroom discipline, and the students' satisfaction with physical education classes. The results from the model highlight the importance of intrinsic strategies in maintaining discipline; these act as a mediator between the motivational climate towards learning and the students' satisfaction with physical education classes. In addition, the findings reveal the influence of a performance-oriented climate in predicting boredom in a class when the teacher shows an indifference towards maintaining discipline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to present an educational proposal using something rarely to be found in physical education: the via ferrata. The inclusion of an adventure sport in a programme in this subject is justified among other reasons by the interest of students in learning new activities other than the usual traditional ones (football, basketball, athletics, etc.). This adventure sport consists of following a vertical and horizontal route up a rock wall using special equipment. This article puts forward ideas about how to adapt the sport and its technical elements in physical education classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims, to show a work proposal content iBook anatomy and assess the experience of both teachers and the students. The sample consisted of 375 students of secondary school (179 boys and 196 girls) aged between 14 and 15 years (M=14.56, SD =0.78) from five public schools in the province of Almeria and Granada (Spain). In relation to teachers, the sample was 11 physical education teachers (7 men and 4 women), aged between 27 and 51 years (M=37.57, SD=8.36). Two questionnaires were used, one for the student and one for teachers, previously validated and subsequently to descriptive analyzes. The results show that the experience of working with ibook is valued as highly novel and interesting, however, teachers consider these tools very applicable. Regarding efficacy, teachers think that they are only somewhat effective while students think they are very effective in their learning. The main concerns are: the proper development of the ibook, cost and accessibility for use. Subsequently, the results are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to analyze the motivational profiles of satisfaction with and importance of physical education in high school students and its relation with gender and the practice of sport. The sample comprised 2002 students aged from 12 to 19 who completed the Sport Motivation Scale (Núñez et al., 2006), the Perception of Success Scale (Martínez et al., 2006), the Sport Satisfaction Instrument (Baena-Extremera et al., 2012) and the Importance of Physical Education Scale (Moreno et al., 2009). Descriptive analyzes, correlations between the scales, a cluster analysis for profiles, and a MANOVA were conducted to examine differences by gender. Three clusters (profiles) were identified. The first profile identified was "moderate" motivation (n = 463) and was associated with boys who practice physical activity for less than 3 hours per week. The second profile identified was "low" motivation (n = 545) and was associated mainly with girls who practice physical activity for less than 3 hours per week. And lastly the third profile identified was "high" motivation (n = 910), which was found to be greater in boys who practiced physical exercise for more than 3 hours a week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to compare the learning achievement of students who prepared the opposition to be teachers in Secondary Education in the speciality of Physical Education, after receiving training in different thematic areas of anatomy and physiology through different teaching and learning methods: concept mapping (CMaps), problem-based learning (PBL) and combined use of both methods. Methodology: We used a quasi-experimental, descriptive and sectional methodological design. The total sample consisted of 180 students, 95 males and 85 females. We worked with a group of 64 people who received training through CMaps, another 61 students who received training PBL, and a third group of 55 which works by combining both methods. The measuring instrument was a questionnaire type assessment test for each content block. Pretest measure was obtained before training and other measures after the intervention (posttest). Improvements were analyzed in each group according to the method of teaching applied and compared the results obtained by analysis of gain scores (posttest-pretest) with T-test for related samples. Results: After intervention the mean score is above eighty percent in the five blocks analyzed, with the physiology and anatomy in the most evolved. PBL has proven more effective than CMaps, but the highest improvements, compared to pretest, are in the group that has studied combining CMaps + PBL. The results were discussed, in agreement with other authors, the need to consider greater use of PBL as a method of teaching and learning and using a mixed methodological approach students acquire greater skills and competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The theatrical costumes, in the genesis of a scenic dance project, are considered one more element whose importance lies in its significance. The aim of this paper has been to verify the importance of it as a communicating tool of concepts and as a symbolic element that contributes a sense to the interpretation of Spanish Dance. The use of this costume has been studied from a professional perspective (National Ballet of Spain (BNE), renowned performers and choreographers) and from an educational perspective (Professional Dance Conservatories of Andalusia (Spain) (CPDA)), making a methodological triangulation that combines quantitative and qualitative research, using the questionnaire and previously validated interviews as basic instruments. As a conclusion, the importance given to the use of theatrical costumes in Spanish Dance as an intentional communicative tool stands out, as well as their contribution to the interpretation in the scenic representation, confirming the hypotheses raised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to analyze the psychometric properties of the learning perception questionnaire (CPA) presented in this research. It was administered to a total of 1496 students in Baja California and Nuevo León, of the total sample, 748 were girls (Mage = 14.0, SD = 0.3), and 748 boys (Age = 14.1, SD = 0.3). The analyses support the hypothesized theoretical model of origin, presenting an acceptable internal consistency and temporal stability. The model fit data was excellent; furthermore, the examined model meets the convergent validity requirements. External validity was explored by examining the predictive relationship of the scale studied with Satisfaction with School. The CPA has a strong predictive relationship with student satisfaction/fun in class, while it is negative with boredom. Thus, the higher the perception of learning, the less likely that students will be bored in class. It is concluded, therefore, that the CPA scale is a proven instrument and that it serves to assess the perception of key learning by secondary school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of interaction that sex and the number of hours of physical practice and sports activities a week have in the students' perception of the strategies used by teachers to maintain discipline, perception of motivational climate created by the teacher, the student's dispositional orientation and perceived intrinsic satisfaction in physical education classes. We used a sample of secondary school students. A questionnaire of teacher strategies was used to maintain discipline in class, learning orientation and performance in physical education classes, the perception of success and satisfaction. The results revealed that students claim to possess dispositional orientation to the task, they perceive motivational climate for learning, they feel satisfaction with classes and that the strategies used by the teacher are based on the emphasis on intrinsic reasons. Likewise, those who practice more extracurricular activities a week perceive an emphasis on intrinsic reasons the strategies implemented by teachers in maintaining discipline, learning climate and satisfaction in physical education classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to detect the motivational profiles of high school students of Physical Education (PE) according to the teacher's discipline strategies and to analyze the relationships between the clusters and the motivational atmosphere, goal guidelines and satisfaction with lessons. A sample of2002 students (970 male students and 1032 female students) was used. The instruments used were the Spanish versions of the scales: Strategies to Sustain Discipline Scale, Learning and Performance Orientations in Physical Education Classes Questionnaire, Perception of Success Questionnaire and Sport Satisfaction Instrument. A cluster analysis was applied revealing three motivational profiles, one of them with emphasis on self-determined strategies to maintain discipline in class and the other two profiles with emphasis on non-self- determined-strategies. Profiles were determined according to the number of hours of exercise practiced in a week. The self-determined strategies cluster consists mainly of women, and the non- self-determined clusters were composed of men. In the self-determined strategies cluster, we can find the largest number of students who practice two or more hours of physical exercise per week in their free time. To improve the classroom environment and reduce indiscipline behaviors, the teacher should use discipline strategies founded on intrinsic reasons for concern and responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Different international guidelines indicate the need for improving educational procedures. This study aims to contribute to the professional development training program of higher education professors from a Physical Education Teacher Education degree in México.This qualitative study used a participatory action research design through four cycles: (a) diagnosis; (b) elaboration of the action plan; (c) implementation and evaluation; and (d) feedback. The participants were the professor, six experts, and 17 students. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews with students and the professor, the analysis of the class syllabus, and nonparticipatory observations.The importance of carrying out a diagnostic cycle allowed us to identify the specific needs of the class. Similarly, the model of development and evaluation of academic competencies (M-DECA) allowed the professor to develop specific pedagogical and disciplinary competencies from the training program.A continuous professional development training program for university professors in pedagogical and disciplinary strategies generates better learning results. The inclusion of innovative content in the class syllabus was also crucial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]