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Objectives: Induction chemotherapy followed by cetuximab and RT (IBRT) (Arm A) was compared to cisplatin/RT (CRT) (Arm B) in a randomized phase III study. Patients and Methods: Naïve patients with stage III-IVa, histologically proven locally advanced head and neck cancer (LASCCHN) were eligible. Arm A (IBRT): 3 TPF induction followed by cetuximab-RT (equivalent daily dose 2 Gy up to 70 Gy); Arm B: 3 cisplatin concurrent with the same RT scheduling. Due to slow accrual and incomplete data collection a futility analysis was performed. Results: 236/282 patients were evaluable. Therefore, no formal analyses can be made between the two arms. OS was 45.2/53.6 months in Arm A/B. Complete responses were achieved in 64% of patients in both arms. Neutropenia and skin toxicity were significantly worse in Arm A and body weight loss was significantly worse in Arm B. Compliance with the planned drug administration was higher in Arm B (p = 0.0008). Conclusion: The study suggests that IBRT and CRT have similar efficacy, activity and toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]