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The article presents a case study of a 6 month old male with Kawasaki disease. Topics discussed include results of chest radiograph, diagnosed with Kawasaki disease, usage of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) and intravenous immunoglobulin; detection of hearing difficulties, several techniques were used including computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging; and increase in the level of free-circulating ASA.

Objective: To analyze clinical presentation, preoperative diagnostic methods, surgical treatment and postoperative outcomes of labyrinthine fistula (LF) secondary to cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media. Materials and Methods: Of 582 mastoid surgeries performed, a retrospective review of 33 patients with LF secondary to cholesteatomatous chronic otitis media was performed. Setting: Tertiary referral center. Interventions: Audiologic evaluation with pure tone bone conduction average (PTA-bone) and radiologic imaging studies with temporal bone computed tomography (CT) scanning were evaluated. Open technique with a removal of the cholesteatoma matrix and sealing the fistula site with connective tissue was preferred. Main outcome measures: Auditory results were evaluated as a function of LF size and site. Results: Incidence of LF was 5.7 % (n:33). Isolated fistula of the lateral semicircular canal was found in 25 patients (75.7%), and isolated involvement of the oval window was found in one patient (3%). Multiple fistulas were detected in 7 patients (21.2%). In 31 patients (88.2%), the cholesteatoma was completely removed, and the fistula was sealed; and in 2 patients (5.8%) the matrix was left intact after exteriorization. One patient (3%) presented with anacusis. Postoperatively, hearing remained in the same range in 24 patients (72.7%). In 8 patients (24.2%) a reduction of PTA-bone was observed, and 2 patients (6%) presented with postoperative anacusis. Vertigo improved or disappeared in 14 (42.4%) cases, and remained unchanged in 4 (12.1%) cases. Conclusion: LF is an aggressive complication of cholesteatomous chronic otitis media. The postoperative prognosis is correlated to the size and location of the LF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to investigate Fragile Histidine Triad Gene (FHIT) expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. The paraffin embedded tissue blocks of 64 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma specimens were enrolled in the study. FHIT expression was detected by an immunohistochemical method. Rabbit polyclonal antibody was used for immunohistochemical study. FHIT expression was low in 40.6% of patients and high in 59.6% of patients. Results were compared with clinicopathological variables. There was a significant correlation between high FHIT expression and lymph node metastasis (p<0.05). There was no significant correlation between FHIT expression and age, histological grade, perineural invasion and vascular invasion. In conclusion, FHIT may be accepted to play a role in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma tumorigenesis as a tumor suppressor gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective; Tympanosclerosis is a common sequela of tympanoplasty operations causing hearing disability. It is associated with an increased production of free radicals (also known as reactive oxygen species) after trauma. Vitamin E is a scavenger of different free radicals by working as an antioxidant. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of vitamin E-soaked absorbable gelatin sponge placement to the middle ears at quantity of free radicals in rat middle ear. Materials & Methods; This prospective, controlled animal study consisted of Sprague-Dawley rats divided into two groups of 8 animals each. Middle ear trauma was applied following myringotomy to the right ears of the first group and vitamin E-soaked absorbable gelatin sponge were placed to the middle ear of the right ears of the second group. The left ears were used as controls. Then, the animals were killed and chemiluminescence measurements were made for middle ear tissues. Results; Reactive oxygen species levels were significantly increased in right ears of the first group when compared with the control ears (p < .0001), and the levels were significantly decreased in right ears of the second group as compared with the operated ears of the first group (p < .005). The free radical levels of right and left ears in the second group were similar. Conclusion; Our results indicate that vitamin E- soaked absorbable gelatin sponge placement to the middle ear decreases the quantity of reactive oxygen species after trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Importance: Secondary posttonsillectomy bleeding associated with oozing from multiple sites or overcauterized tonsillar bed deserves special evaluation., Objective: To evaluate the use of an absorbable, flowable gelatin-thrombin hemostatic matrix (GTHM) sealant for secondary bleeding after tonsillectomy., Design, Setting, and Participants: This was a retrospective data analysis, with information gathered from medical records of pediatric patients with secondary posttonsillectomy bleeding treated with the GTHM between 2012 and 2016 at a referral center and a local satellite facility. Forty-two pediatric patients admitted with secondary bleeding after tonsillectomy characterized by diffuse bleeding, multiple bleeding sites, or an overcauterized tonsillar bed, were treated with GTHM. Exclusion criteria were a bleeding disorder, genetic syndrome associated with abnormal oropharyngeal anatomy, and hemorrhage from a single site., Exposures: GTHM was used to treat posttonsillectomy secondary bleeding., Main Outcomes and Measures: Patient medical records were reviewed for information relevant to this study: (1) patient history, the tonsillectomy surgical technique used, and whether there were prior bleeding episodes (and if so, methods of treatment); (2) physical examination and laboratories on presentation, operative report details, and results of treatment; (3) hospital course and whether any further bleeding episodes occurred; and (4) hospital follow-up information (range, 3-20 months)., Results: The study population comprised 22 boys (52%) and 20 girls (48%) (a total of 42 patients), and the mean (SD) age was 7 (2.7) years (range, 4-14 years). Two patients had presented with recurrent secondary bleeding necessitating multiple operations, but the others had only 1 episode. The mean day of occurrence of bleeding was on the eighth day (range, day 7-12; median, day 10). Only 2 patients required blood transfusions: they were the same patients who underwent multiple operations for recurrent episodes of secondary bleeding. All patients except for 1 (41 of 42) were discharged without further bleeding following treatment. No adverse effects were reported., Conclusions and Relevance: Results suggest that GTHM is generally simple, safe, and effective for use in the treatment of posttonsillectomy secondary bleeding types not associated with a direct vein or artery source but oozing from multiple sites and/or overcauterized tonsillar bed that cannot be stopped by traditional hemostatic methods.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the audiovestibular disturbance in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)., Study Design and Setting: Twenty-eight patients with SLE and 28 healthy control subjects were included. Pure-tone audiometry, impedance audiometry, and electronystagmography (ENG) were used for baseline evaluation. Laboratory tests were carried out. Cranial and brain stem magnetic resonance imagings (MRI) were undertaken., Results: Nineteen (67%) patients reported audiovestibular symptoms. Sensorineural hearing loss was found in 6 (21%) patients. Abnormal results on ENG were significantly higher (50%) (P < 0.01). Abnormal laboratory data were available from 26 patients (P < 0.05). MRI did not show any pathosis., Conclusion: The audiovestibular disturbances in SLE are more prevalent than previously recognized. Although no cause and effect relationship can be established by this type of study, it appears that a relationship exists., Significance: Audiologic research should be directed toward routine, pure tone audiometry, and ENG assessment for patients with SLE to enable crucial treatment.