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Additional file 2. Medical Humanities Module - Selected Contents

The study aims to empirically examine the transmission of volatility from global stock markets to Indian stock market. The study is based on time series data comprising of daily closing stock market indices from National Stock Exchange (NSE), India and major foreign stock exchange of the three countries one each from America, Europe and Asia making the highest portfolio investment in Indian stock market. The study period covers 11 years from 1st January, 2005 to 31st December, 2015 comprising a total of 2731 observations. The Indian stock index used is CNX Nifty 50 and the foreign indices are S & P 500 from USA, FTSE 100 from UK, and Nikkei 225 from Japan. The results reveal that the Indian stock market return is co-integrated with market returns of US, UK and Japanese stock markets. Therefore, the return and hence volatility of Indian stock market is associated with global markets which depicts that it is getting integrated with global financial markets. The results provide empirical evidence for volatility transmission or volatility spillover in the Indian stock market from global markets. There exists inbound volatility transmission from US market to Indian stock market. The Indian and UK stock market have bi-directional volatility transmission. However, there exists presence of only outbound volatility transmission from Indian stock market to Japanese stock market. The volatility transmission from global markets to India is rapid with the spillover effect existing for up to three days only.Janapriya Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, Vol. 5 (December 2016), page: 83-101

Laser-induced fluorescence KA-14 LIDAR, developed and employed at the National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan was used for detection of emission spectra of oil spills on the surface of the Caspian sea and earth surface of the Absheron peninsula. It is known, that oil spills may take place due to leakage of oil from different Oil-Gas-Production Companies and Joint Ventures of the State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic. There are 8 Oil-Gas-Production Companies and 4 Joint Ventures in Azerbaijan Republic. Fluorescence spectra were excited by 355 nm line of CFR 200- type laser (QUANTEL) with parameters: diameter of laser beam spot- d = 5 mm (after collimation- 40 mm); frequency of excitation- f = 20 Hz; pulse duration and power of laser- τ= 7 ns and 60 mJ, respectively. Analysis of differences of the spectral positions of maximums of fluorescence spectra, forms of the emissions spectra, as well as peculiarities of fine structures in emission spectra allowed with a high degree of availability to determine from which Oil-Gas-Production Company of State Oil Company of Azerbaijan Republic (including OGPC “Neftjanije Kamni”) leakage took place on the surface of the Caspian sea and on the earth of Absheron peninsula. Results obtained allow, for the first time, to create a data bank of fluorescence spectra of crude oil extracted on the earth of the Absheron peninsula of Azerbaijan as well as from adjacent water areas of the Caspian sea, including OGPC "Neftjanije Kamni."

A wide range of rare earth doped crystals used as a lasing media includes: Y3Al5O12 (YAG); Al2O3 (sapphire); chalcogenides of ZnS, ZnSe; sesquioxides of Y2O3, Sc2O3 and others. Ternary thiogallate compounds with common formula AIIB23C4 6 (where A is: Ca, Sr, Ba; B is: Ga, Al; C is- S, Se, Te) consider as a perspective class of chalcogenide semiconductors revealing bright luminescence and laser oscillation properties when doped with rare-earth elements (Eu2+, Nd3+ , Ce3+ etc). In the present research, optical properties and observed laser oscillation of transparent ternary chalcogenide crystals of CaGa2S4 and CaGa2Se4 grown by the chemical vapor transport reaction and doped with Eu2+ (1.0-5.0 a t%) are described. The first observation of laser oscillation from a single crystal CaGa2S4 : Eu2+ (1.0-5.0 at%) have been reported earlier, and for CaGa2Se4 : Eu2+ it is reported for the first time in the present article. The life time of the excited state 4f65d of Eu2+ ions in both crystals determined from the luminescence decay kinetics was ~3.8 μsec. It is shown that photoluminescence maximum in both crystals CaGa2S4 : Eu2+ and CaGa2Se4 : Eu2+ is due to the intra shell transition 4f65d – 4f7(8S7/2) ions.

GaSe-type crystals have attracted increasing attention because of pronounced structural anisotropy, unique optical and Nonlinear Optical Properties, which may lead to numerous applications in light generation (second harmonics and tuning in a wide transparency range of λ= 1÷20 μm) and optoelectronics (radiation detectors, photovoltaic energy converters, photo-resistors, light modulators etc.). In the present work, damage threshold of the Bridgman grown GaSe and its structural analogs ((GaSe1-x Sx (where 0 ≤x ≤0.25, InSe and GaTe)), have been investigated under IR τ = 5 ns pulses (λ= 1.064 μm) of "QUANTELL Brilliant b" laser (pulse energy ~ 850 mJ, f = 20 Hz). For all studied crystals occurrence of local micro defects and pulse induced heating were identified to be responsible for damage threshold mechanism. Results for GaSe obtained in the present work are in good agreement with published in literature for damage threshold excited with laser lines in the spectral range of λ= 1.1 ÷ 2.9 μm lines of the Optical Parametric Generator. The values of damage threshold for solid solutions of GaSe1-x Sx, InSe and GaTe crystals are reported for the first time.

Influence of Ag nanoparticles on optical and photovoltaic properties of, silicon substrates, silicon solar cells and glass have been investigated. Silver nanoparticles have been fabricated by evaporation of thin Ag layers followed by the thermal annealing. The surface plasmon resonance peak was observed in the absorbance spectrum at 470 nm of glass with deposited silver nanoparticles. It is demonstrated that deposition of silver nanoparticles on silicon substrates was accompanied with a significant decrease in reflectance at the wavelength 360-1100 nm and increase of the absorption at wavelengths close to the band gap for Si substrates. We studied influence of Ag nanoparticles on photovoltaic characteristics of silicon solar cells without and with common use antireflection coating (ARC). It is shown that silver nanoparticles deposited onto the front surface of the solar cells without ARC led to increase in the photocurrent density by 39% comparing to cells without Ag nanoparticles. Contrary to this, solar cells with Ag nanoparticles deposited on front surface with ARC discovered decrease in photocurrent density. The improved performance of investigated cells was attributed to Ag-plasmonic excitations that reduce the reflectance from the silicon surface and ultimately leads to the enhanced light absorption in the cell. This study showed possibility of application of Ag nanoparticles for the improvement of the conversion efficiency of wafer-based silicon solar cells instead of usual ARC.

Remote sensing of contaminations on water and earth surfaces (oil spills, films) taking place during oil-gas extraction is an interesting and actual problem. This problem may be solved by using different methods of optical spectroscopy, including: •Raman scattering; •light induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS); •fluorescence spectroscopy. Fluorescence Light Detection and Ranging (LIDAR) LIDARs are successfully used for remote sensing of chemical and biological substances at atmosphere. A new laser induced fluorescence (LIF) KA-14 LIDAR system for detecting of oil spills on the sea surface was employed at the National Aviation Academy of Azerbaijan. LIDAR’s parameters are as follows: •laser CFR 200- type QUANTEL, λ = 355 nm, beam O = 5.35 mm, f = 20 Hz, pulse duration τ = 7 ns, pulse power 60 mJ; •diameter of Newtonian- type telescope is 200 mm; •collimator expansion of the laser beam diameter- not less than 3; •angle range of telescope measurements relative to horizon: from -20 to +20 degree; •spectral range of measurements: from 380 to 750 nm, number of spectral channels- 32; •maximum range of measurements- not less than 250 m. This LIDAR is the first performing these kind of research not only on the Azerbaijan beach of Caspian sea, but also on the earth places of Absheron peninsula, where oil-gas production takes place. We hope that the performance of LIDAR will have an International recognition and will make noticeable input on the International Research of Caspian sea surfaces.