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The impact of the Covid-19 pandemic has affected every aspect of life. Not only the decline in the economic situation, but it has also had an impact on the emergence of social problems such as the high rate of early marriage. Early marriage has been a scientific concern for a long time. However, scientific studies have not been able to reduce the rate of increase in the number of children marrying early. The loss of the rights of children who should receive proper education, play and the right to protection are forced to be “bound” in a marriage. The purpose of this article is to add references to solving the problem of early marriage which has been long problematic on an international, national and regional scale. This article discusses the objective conditions of early marriage during a pandemic and criticizes the implementation of strategies for preventing and handling cases of the early child marriage. The data in this study were taken from the main data in the form of in-depth interviews with competent informants. Additional data was taken from existing data at the related office in North Luwu Regency along with the news from online sites, became a reference in this article. This study establish that the number of early marriages has rising due to the widespread use of social networks and changes in daily activity patterns. For future studies, it is recommended to consider the determinant factors in different locations and in a wider scope.

A study on inherited local knowledge of spiced coffee ethnobotany in processing coffee by the people of Bale Village is necessary to depict the sub-system coffee processing. Bale Village is situated on Halmahera Island. It is one of the villages in the Oba Sub-district, Tidore Kepulauan Regency. The village is known as a producer of coffee bean and coffee powder. This study on local knowledge is an initiative to acquire information on spiced coffee. The research design is a survey design to investigate and document the knowledge of the utilization of spice plants in coffee drinks as a traditional beverage of people in Bale Village. Data are analyzed in a qualitative-thematic manner to describe respondents’ ethnobotanical knowledge and are independent of the researcher’s assessment. The research results indicate that spiced coffee made by the villagers uses six spice plants, namely clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.), red ginger (Zingiber officinale Roscoe.), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum J. Presl.), kara benguk (Mucuna pruriens (L.) DC.), nutmeg (Myristica fragrans Houtt.), and pandan (Pandanus amaryllifoliusRoxb.). Stages in the making of spiced coffee with the 5M method include: 1) determine the composition of spiced coffee, 2) grind spiced coffee beans into powder, 3) prepare water, 4) stir the spiced coffee and 5) enjoy the spiced coffee

Meretrix meretrix is one of the economical shellfish that has been exploited in Kendari Bay, Indonesia. Several studies have been done, but its growth pattern and condition index are not fully known. This study aims to determine its growth pattern and condition index at the Kambu River estuary, Kendari Bay. This research was conducted for 6 months from August 2021 to January 2022. Clams were collected using a rake, cleaned, and brought to the laboratory to be measured for length and weight using calipers and scales with an accuracy of 0.1 mm and 0.01g, respectively. Furthermore, the clam meat was dried using an oven and weighed. Data on growth and condition index were analyzed using simple regression and the Mann-Whitney test, respectively. The results showed that the growth of M. meretrix was in negative allometric conditions, with b values in males and females in the range of 2.20-3.00 and 1.86-2.73, respectively. The condition index of male and female clam ranged from 1.86-2.62 and 1.66-2.41, respectively, and differed significantly by month. The results of the Mann-Whitney test on clam showed that there was no significant difference between August-November and December-January. In conclusion, male and female clam had relatively different patterns based on the observation period, while the condition index was in the skinny and medium category

The density of peanut worms is concentrated in the subtidal zone and is closely related to the substrate where they live. This research aims to determine spatial variations in peanut worm density. This research was carried out at Toronipa Beach, Southeast Sulawesi from June 2020 to February 2021. Peanut worms were collected using a hand scoop to a depth of ±10 cm in a 10x10 m2 quadrat transect at each station. Data were analyzed using standard formulas and tested using Mann-Whitney and linear regression. The results showed that the highest density of peanut worms was found at station II with a mean value of 12±104 ind/10m2 which was significantly different from stations I and III with densities of 9±52 ind/10m2 and 7±124 ind/10m2 respectively. Five types of seagrass were identified, namely Cymodocea rotundata, Enhalus acoroides, Halodule uninervis, Halophila minor, and Thalassia hemprichii. The number of seagrass species found at stations I, II, and III were 1, 2, and 5, respectively. Peanut worm density was positively correlated with seagrass density with a coefficient of determination of 86.45%. Water quality tends to be the same at all stations, except that organic matter is higher than at stations I and II. The dominant fine sand fraction was found at stations I and III, while very coarse sand was dominantly found at station II. The density of peanut worms on Toronipa Beach is determined by a combination of seagrass density, high levels of organic matter, and the dominant texture of the coarse sand substrate. Keywords: peanut worm, spatial density, Sulawesi, water quality

The length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River are not fully known. This study was aimed to determine the length-weight relationship and condition index of pokea clams in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted 10 months from May 2016 to February 2017 in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. Pokea clams are collected using a shovel. The length and weight of each clam was using calipers and analytical scales with accuracy of 0.05 mm and 0.01 g, respectively. The weight of the shell and dried meat was obtained by drying the shells first using an oven and weighing using an analytical balance with an accuracy of 0.01 g and 0.0001 g, respectively. The results showed that the relationship between length and weight of pokea clams in males and females were 2.61 and 2.78, respectively; with R2 values of 0.89 and 0.93, respectively. The highest b values for males and females were found in July with values of 3.03 and 2.94, respectively. The lowest b value was found in November with values of 2.45 and 2.46, respectively. The condition index values for males and females were 4.7 ± 2.2 and 5.17 ± 2.32, respectively. The highest condition index was found in May with values of 6.00 ± 3.07 and 7.83 ± 2.55, respectively. The condition index values for males and females increased with increasing shell size. Male and female at the largest size (6.01-6.05 cm) had the highest index with values of 8.05 ± 6.41 and 9.12 ± 3.38, respectively. In conclusions, the growth was negative allometric pattern, condition index was in fat category, and had peak spawning in July and experienced partial spawning in September-February.

The availability of seeds is one of the most essential aspects of agricultural development in developing countries and Indonesia is no exception. This requires adequate technological innovation and institutional support. This study aims to describe the synergy of innovation at the level of national companies that provide hybrid corn seeds to farmers. Three levels of company performance were compared namely well-established companies, middling, and less-developed companies. The results showed the performance of hybrid corn seed companies from 2019 to mid-2022 was mainly influenced by the degree of synergy between seed companies and their supporting institutions in implementing improvements in seed production technology. Established companies have better synergy with supporting institutions, hence, they can adequately apply seed production technology producing 4,900 tons of quality seeds, and distributing them to various regions specifically 12 provinces. Meanwhiles, companies that have low synergies with their supporting institutions are very weak, producing seeds only in small quantities at 400 tons. This implies that technological innovations and institution synergy for hybrid corn seed production can be applied by national companies with adequate support from local institutions.

The purpose of this study was to describe Kindergarten Teachers' Perceptions of Online Learning During the Covid-19 Pandemic in the City of Mataram. The research subjects were 12 teachers from kindergarten institutions in 6 sub-districts in Mataram City. Data collection methods are interviews, documentation, and observation. The research time starts from January to March 2021. Data analysis consists of presentation, data reduction, and conclusions. The results showed that technological devices as distance learning tools were used during the covid-19 pandemic; preparation of schedules, media, learning applications, learning tools prepared before learning begins; students are less focused when learning online, causing ineffective learning; the internet is less stable; and the role of parents is needed in assisting students during online learning at home.

Freshwater clams or also known as pokes in tribal languange is clams to Sulawesi which posses high market value. However, their density and habitat preferences in Laeya River Estuary is currently unknown. This study aims to determine the density and habitat preferences of pokea clams in the Laeya River, Southeast Sulawesi. This research was conducted for 1 year from March 2016-February 2017. Pokea samples were taken every month in three stations using tangge (traditional fishing gear) with a total sample size of 2908 individuals. The density of pokea clam was analyzed using Mann Whitney test. Habitat preferences were analyzed by correspondence analysis using XLstat. The study showed that the density of pokea clams in 3 stations were similar. The clam density at stations I, II, and III were 85,47±66,44, 97,03± 81,70, and 59,84±82,31, respectively. The highest density was found during April-July 2016 with the peak density in May 2016 with a value of 268,78±29,23. The lowest density occurred during September 2016-February 2017. The lowest density was found in December 2016 with a value of 15,12±7,08. The density of pokea clams in the Laeya River was influenced by TDS. Pokea clams prefer habitats with deeper water and low brightness caused by organic matter and high TOM. Keywords: clam, Indonesia, pokea, preference, Sulawesi

Research has been conducted on the level of pollution caused by Leachate in shallow groundwater around Kebon Kongok landfill, Gerung, West Lombok. This research was conducted considering that water has many benefits in daily life, so it is important to know the quality of the water consumed. The research used experimental methods by analyzing physical parameters (Temperature, conductivity, pH and TDS) and chemical parameters in the form of heavy metal content (Pb, Fe, Cu and Mn). The results of physical parameter tests mostly show that the quality of shallow groundwater is still within the safe quality standard, there is 1 shallow groundwater point that is polluted due to the close proximity to the leachate. Chemical parameters indicate that the content of heavy metals is mostly well below the quality standard, except Cu metal is detected at 0.029 mg / l and Mn metal 1,457 mg / l at a distance of 50 m. KEYWORDS : Leachate; Shallow Water; Physics Parameters; Chemical Parameters

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan kualitas susu kuda liar Sumbawa dengan metode viskositas dan dielektrisitas. Sampel yang digunakan ialah susu kuda liar Sumbawa dengan variasi konsentrasi yakni dari 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, dan 100%. Variasi konsentrasi susu kuda liar yakni dicampurkan dengan soda. Berdasarkan hasil pengukuran koefisien viskositas diperoleh nilai koefisien pada konsentrasi 100% menunjukkan nilai koefisien viskositas 1,299 Poise dan memerlukan waktu 1,52 sekon. Pada variasi konsentrasi terkecil, yakni 10% dengan komposisi campuran 45 ml susu kuda liar dan 5 ml zat pelarut memiliki nilai koefisien viskositas sebesar 0,910 Poise dengan waktu 1,12 sekon. Selanjutnya pada pengukuran dielektrisitas diperoleh nilai konstanta dielektrik untuk konsentrasi 100% sebesar 2,63 x 106. Selanjutnya pada variasi konsentrasi 10% diperoleh nilai konstanta dielektrik sebesar 1,68 x 107. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan, maka semakin tinggi pula koefisien viskositas larutan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan massa jenis larutan berbanding lurus denga koefisien viskositas larutan. Namun, pada dielektrisitas larutan, semakin tinggi konsentrasi larutan, maka semakin rendah nilai konstanta dielektrik larutan. Hal tersebut dikarenakan massa jenis larutan berbanding terbalik dengan konstanta dielektrik larutan, sehingga makin tinggi konsentrasi larutan, maka semakin tinggi pula massa jenis larutan sehingga konstanta dielektrik larutan semakin rendah. Kata Kunci: konstanta dielektrik; susu kuda liar sumbawa; viskositas ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the quality of Sumbawa wild horse milk with viscosity and dielectricity methods. The sample used was Sumbawa wild horse milk with concentration variations from 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100%. Variations in the concentration of wild horse milk are mixed with soda. Based on the results of the measurement of the viscosity coefficient, the coefficient value at a concentration of 100% shows the viscosity coefficient value of 1.299 Poise and takes 1.52 seconds. At the smallest concentration variation, which is 10% with a mixture composition of 45 ml of wild horse milk and 5 ml of solvent, it has a viscosity coefficient value of 0.910 Poise with a time of 1.12 seconds. Furthermore, at the dielectricity measurement, the dielectric constant value for 100% concentration was 2.63 x 106. Furthermore, at the 10% concentration variation, the dielectric constant value was 1.68 x 107. The results showed that the higher the concentration of the solution, the higher the coefficient. solution viscosity. This is because the density of the solution is directly proportional to the viscosity coefficient of the solution. However, on the dielectricity of the solution, the higher the concentration of the solution, the lower the value of the dielectric constant of the solution. This is because the density of the solution is inversely proportional to the dielectric constant of the solution, so the higher the concentration of the solution, the higher the density of the solution so that the dielectric constant of the solution is lower. Keywords: dielectric constant; sumbawa wild horse milk; viscosity

Physical and psychological stress causes harm to the health status of the elderly with chronic diseases. This study aimed to understand coping mechanisms of the elderly with chronic conditions who live with their family.

Kajian tetang fenomena perbedaan sumber dan pertukaran nilai antara punggawa-sawi penting dilakukan agar tidak terjadi pemahaman berbeda tentang kelembagaan tersebut, utamanya keseimbangan bagi hasil. Tujuan Penelitian ini adalah untuk menganalisa sumber pertukaran yang dimiliki masing-masing kelompok nelayan (punggawa atau sawi) serta implikasinya pada sistem bagi hasil pada kelembagaan patron-klien nelayan di Desa Lagasa, Muna. Selain itu penelitian ini dilakukan dalam upaya untuk meningkatkan pemahaman konsep bagi nelayan mengenai perubahan model pertukaran dalam sistem bagi hasil. Penelitian menggunakan metode kualitatif. Analisis data dimulai dengan mereduksi data, dengan merangkum data yang berkaitan erat dengan kegiatan patronase nelayan. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa sumberdaya yang dipertukarkan oleh seorang punggawa Desa Lagasa adalah kapal/perahu dalam berbagai jenis sesuai masa penggunaannya, alat tangkap ikan, dan uang. Kapal yang dipergunakan sebagai sarana pendukung penangkapan untuk melakukan penangkapan pada area penangkapan (fishing ground). Semakin jauh fishing ground semakin besar pula kapasitas kapal yang dibutuhkan. Sedangkan satu-satunya sumber yang dapat dipertukarkan oleh seorang sawi adalah tenaga (fisik maupun keahlian menangkap yang dimilikinya). Sawi pada umumnya bekerja di sektor penangkapan ikan karena tidak memiliki keterampilan lain.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experiences of the constraints of older adult family caregivers with chronic diseases in caring for and accessing health services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: This study used the descriptive phenomenology qualitative method. The sampling method was purposive sampling involving 16 older adult family caregivers. Findings: The results of this study showed three themes such as difficulties in health services in hospitals during the COVID-19 pandemic (complaints of services provided by doctors, older adult treatment control problems and difficulty getting to hospital health facilities); difficulties accompanying taking older adult medicine (older adult non-compliance response to taking medication and older adult medicine assistance); and psychosocial complaints caring for and accompanying the older adult (negative emotions for the older adult, difficulty interacting with the older adult and the economic burden of caring for the older adult). Practical implications: Barriers to family caregivers in caring for older adults with chronic diseases can help health-care service providers understand and support families caring for and assisting older adults, which may contribute to the quality of life and care for both family caregivers and older adults. Originality/value: This study showed that Indonesian family caregivers faced difficulties caring for and living with older adults with chronic diseases during the pandemic. Family caregivers' experiences are essential when developing an intervention to support and manage health care for older adults with chronic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Teachers with TPACK perspectives are teachers who understand the correct pedagogy and conceptual understanding by using technology in teaching subject matter. By having the right TPACK, teachers will be able to engage and motivate students in exploring learning content to a greater extent. This study examines the TPACK profile of junior high school teachers in the Sekarbela sub-district of Mataram city using the TPACK framework. This research is ex-post-facto research and causal associative research with a quantitative approach. The population in this study were junior high school teachers in Sekarbela District, Mataram City, totaling 120 teachers, with a sample of 60 teachers who were taken using a proportional random sampling technique. The data collection technique used questionnaires and documentation, while the data analysis technique used multiple regression using SPSS for windows 21. The results showed that the component of Technological Content Knowledge scored 36.50, which fell into the low category. Pedagogical Knowledge (PK) got a score of 54.80, Technological Knowledge (TK) got a score of 40.83, Content Knowledge (CK) got a score of 47.97, and Technological Pedagogical Knowledge fell into the medium category. Meanwhile, Pedagogical Content Knowledge (PCK) scored 60.93, and Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK) scored 63.53, which fell into the high category. Hence, it can be concluded that the research results show the average overall ability of teachers in the seven TPACK frameworks has a score of 50.07 within high criteria.

This research is in the background of the author's concerns about the teaching and learning process in schools, educators are more dominant than students, shown by the way used by educators when the teaching and learning process still uses the lecture method by giving percentages and practice questions to students and students do not experiment at all in the teaching and learning process so that students have not been very active in building concepts in learning that has taken place In learning curriculum 2013 students are required to be more active in building concepts through scientific approaches such as analyzing, associating, collecting information, questioning, observing and telling about what they have found in the teaching and learning process carried out between educators and students This type of research uses research methods of development or Research and Development (R&D). The development research method is a research method used to produce a certain product, and test the effectiveness of the product. The results showed that the feasibility of LKPD based on discovery learning on the material of the measurement and vector quantity that had been developed by researchers according to the assessment of media experts as a whole got a score of 71% in the feasible criteria. Meanwhile, based on the assessment of experts, the material as a whole got a score of 90% in the criteria is very feasible while the response of students to LKPD based on discovery learning on the material of the measurement and vector quantities that have been developed as a whole gets a score of 89% included in the criteria is very interesting.

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD menggunakan media film animasi terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar siswa di MTs. Al-Intishor Sekarbela. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian quasi eksperiment dengan desain penelitian nonequivalent control group design. Populasi penelitian ini adalah seluruh siswa MTs. Al-Intishor Sekarbela dengan sampel penelitian siswa kelas VII-A sebagai kelas eksperimen dan kelas VII-B sebagai kelas kontrol. Penentuan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik cluster sampling. Teknik pengumpulan data adalah menggunakan angket untuk memperoleh motivasi belajar dan tes subjektif untuk memperoleh hasil belajar. Berdasarkan hasil analisis data motivasi sesudah perlakuan diperoleh nilai rata-rata kelas eksperimen sebesar 2.86 dan kelas kontrol 2.29, sedangkan untuk analisis data hasil belajar menggunakan uji-t diperoleh (9.633) (1.703). Jadi, dalam penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe STAD menggunakan media film animasi terhadap motivasi dan hasil belajar di MTs. Al-Intishor Sekarbela. Kata Kunci: kooperatif tipe STAD; media film animasi. ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the effect of cooperative learning model type STAD using animated film media on student motivation and learning outcomes in MTs. Al-Intishor Sekarbela. This type of research is a quasi-experimental research design with a nonequivalent control group design. The population of this study were all MTs students. Al-Intishor Sekarbela with the research sample of class VII-A students as the experimental class and class VII-B as the control class. The sample was determined by using cluster sampling technique. Data collection techniques are using questionnaires to obtain learning motivation and subjective tests to obtain learning outcomes. Based on the results of the analysis of the motivation data after the treatment, the average value of the experimental class was 2.86 and the control class was 2.29, while for the analysis of the learning outcomes data using the t-test, it was obtained ttes (9,633)> ttable (1.703). So, in this study it can be concluded that there is an effect of the STAD cooperative learning model using animated film media on motivation and learning outcomes in MTs. Al-Intishor Sekarbela. Keywords: cooperative type STAD; animation film media.

Corn seed breeders are indispensable in the supply of superior hybrid corn seeds. Its ability to produce seeds is evaluated for their superiority compared to the production of corn grain yield. A study was conducted in Jatirogo District, Tuban Regency, East Java province in July to December 2019. Involving farmers cooperator implementing hybrid corn seed production in the area of 96 ha and non cooperator farmers who produce the corn grain yield in the same location. We observed the variables: cost of production, yield and farmers income. Data and information were analyzed by Benefit Cost Ratio (B/C) and Marginal Benefit Cost Ratio (MBCR). The results showed that farmers who produced hybrid corn seeds of Nasa-29 variety (cooperators) were able to produce 4.6 t/ha of wet cobs with an income of IDR. 19,470,000/ha, while farmers who produced grain corn of 7.9 t/ha with an income of IDR. 15,943,000/ha. MBCR analysis showed that, the switching is able to added the farmer income Rp.4,100 for every use cost Rp.1,000 as long as the seed procurement policy remains unchanged and related institutions continue to provide support.

To improve the quality of national education, the government through the Ministry of Education issued a certification policy. This is of course attractive for the community to be part of this program, many of whom choose to become teachers, even though they are not from higher education based education. One of the factors that attracts it is the allowances that will be obtained for teachers who have passed the certification exam. The government, through the Teacher Law, issues regulatory policies which later can be used as the basis for determining the eligibility of teachers as professionals, so that their profession is entitled to an allowance. However, conditions in the field were found that some teachers were not yet eligible to hold certification, because not a few scored below the standard Teacher Compotency Test (UKG). Therefore, in this study a system is proposed to be built using the Neural Network method and optimized with the Particle Swarm Otimation algorithm, to determine the feasibility of giving certification so that similar cases do not happen again. This study provides an overview that not all certified teachers deserve this predicate. The application of the Neural Network method which is optimized with the Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm, provides a higher accuracy with an accuracy rate of 99.70% compared to the neural network algorithm model of 99.60%.

The freshwater clam, locally known as Pokea, (Batissa violacea var celebensis, von Martens 1897; Bivalvia: Corbulidae) is a popular and widely consumed food in Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi. Despite its popularity, basic information required for conservation managenment, such as reproductive biology, is lacking. This study aims to examine the reproductive biology of the clam obtained from the Pohara River, Kendari. Pokea samples were collected monthly from February 2012 to January 2013. We recorded parameters of reproductive biology, including sex ratio, stage of gonadal maturity, gonadosomatic index (GSI), fecundity, and size of the first mature gonad from each sample. Data were analysed using chi-square test and linear regression in the package Sigma Plot v.6.0. Pokea population in the Pohara River was male-biased. The population spawns throughout the year and the peak spawning season was August-September. Mature gonad was found at small shell size (indicating early sexual maturity). Food availability might have influenced the gonadal development in Pokea. This baseline information is very relevant for conservation practices of Pokea population in the Pohara River.

Kota Ternate adalah pusat pelajar di Provinsi Maluku Utara. Beberapa kasus kekerasan dan pengedaran narkoba di Kota Ternate sangat meresahkan pihak orangtua dan sekolah. Pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk memberikan solusi bagi pihak sekolah dan pelajar dalam mencegah kekerasan dan penyebaran anrkoba dengan mengintegrasikan suatu model pengabdian GEN AKTIF dalam ekstrakurikuler. Dua sekolah model digunakan sebagai mitra yakni SMP IT Albina Ternate dan SMA Nurul Hasan Kota ternate. Pelaksanaan IbM dimulai dengan kegiatan sosialisasi Anti Narkoba berupa Olimpiade Anti Narkoba untuk pelajar SMA Sekota Ternate. Tahapan kedua ialah pendempingan mengenai GEN AKTIF dan penyuluhan anti narkoba, anti kekerasan dan anti aids. Pendampingan mengambil waktu selama empat bulan yang dilaksanakan disekolah masing-masing. Selanjutnya evaluasi oleh tim pengabdi. Semua rangkaian usulan tersebut dapat dilakukan dengan program IbM pelajar Kota Ternate dalam GEN AKTIF (Generasi anti kekerasan, narkoba dan zat adiktif). Rangkaian program melibatkan siswa secara langsung dalam mengelola kegiatan dan pembentukan model komunitas sekolah bernuansa anti kekerasan dan narkoba dikalangan pelajar. Akhir program, tim mendapatkan perubahan pengetahuan peserta baik dari SMP maupun SMA tentang narkoba, aids dan kekerasan, yakni : pengetahuan peserta SMA rata-rata meningkat dari 30% menjadi 67%; peserta SMP meningkat dari 22% menjadi 61% pada tes akhir. Respon peserta juga menyatakan bahwa 100% peserta senang dengan kegiatan ini, dan 93% peserta mendapat pengalalan baru dan bermanfaat bagi masa depan.