Search

Abstract Background Tracheobronchomegaly (TBM) is a rare disorder mainly characterized by dilatation and malacia of the trachea and major bronchi with diverticularization. This will be a great challenge for airway management, especially in thoracic surgery requiring one-lung ventilation. Using a laryngeal mask airway and a modified double-lumen Foley catheter (DFC) as a “blocker” may achieve one-lung ventilation. This is the first report introducing this method in a patient with TBM. Case presentation We present a 64-year-old man with TBM receiving left lower lobectomy. Preoperative chest computed tomography demonstrated a prominent tracheobronchial dilation and deformation with multiple diverticularization. The most commonly used double-lumen tube or bronchial blocker could not match the distorted airways. After general anesthesia induction, a 4# laryngeal mask was inserted, through which the modified DFC was positioned in the left main bronchus with the guidance of a fiberoptic bronchoscope. The DFC balloon was inflated with 10 ml air and lung isolation was achieved without any significant air leak during one-lung or two-lung ventilation. However, the collapse of the non-dependent lung was delayed and finally achieved by low-pressure artificial pneumothorax. The surgery was successful and the patient was extubated soon after the surgery. Conclusions Using a laryngeal mask airway with a modified double-lumen Foley catheter acted as a bronchial blocker could be an alternative method to achieve lung isolation.

BackgroundThe preoperative inflammatory condition significantly influences the prognosis of malignancies. We aimed to investigate the potential significance of preoperative inflammatory biomarkers in forecasting the long-term results of lung carcinoma after microwave ablation (MWA).MethodThis study included patients who received MWA treatment for lung carcinoma from Jan. 2012 to Dec. 2020. We collected demographic, clinical, laboratory, and outcome information. To assess the predictive capacity of inflammatory biomarkers, we utilized the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) and assessed the predictive potential of inflammatory biomarkers in forecasting outcomes through both univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazard analyses.ResultsA total of 354 individuals underwent MWA treatment, of which 265 cases were included in this study, whose average age was 69.1 ± 9.7 years. The AUC values for the Systemic Inflammatory Response Index (SIRI) to overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were 0.796 and 0.716, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model demonstrated a significant independent association between a high SIRI and a decreased overall survival (hazard ratio [HR]=2.583, P

BackgroundThe Controlled Nutritional Status (CONUT) score is a valid scoring system for assessing nutritional status and has been shown to correlate with clinical outcomes in many surgical procedures; however, no studies have reported a correlation between postoperative complications of bronchiectasis and the preoperative CONUT score. This study aimed to evaluate the value of the CONUT score in predicting postoperative complications in patients with bronchiectasis.MethodsWe retrospectively analyzed patients with localized bronchiectasis who underwent lung resection at our hospital between April 2012 and November 2021. The optimal nutritional scoring system was determined by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves and incorporated into multivariate logistic regression. Finally, independent risk factors for postoperative complications were determined by univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses.ResultsA total of 240 patients with bronchiectasis were included, including 101 males and 139 females, with an average age of 49.83 ± 13.23 years. Postoperative complications occurred in 59 patients (24.6%). The incidence of complications, postoperative hospital stay and drainage tube indwelling time were significantly higher in the high CONUT group than in the low CONUT group. After adjusting for sex, BMI, smoking history, lung function, extent of resection, intraoperative blood loss, surgical approach and operation time, multivariate analysis showed that the CONUT score remained an independent risk factor for postoperative complications after bronchiectasis.ConclusionsThe preoperative CONUT score is an independent predictor of postoperative complications in patients with localized bronchiectasis.

BackgroundRecently, the new World Health Organization (WHO) tumor classification removed adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) from the diagnosis of lung cancer. However, it remains unclear whether the “malignancy” item should be assessed when the modified Caprini Risk Assessment Model (RAM) is used to assess venous thromboembolism (VTE) risk in AIS. The purpose of our study is to assess differences between AIS and stage IA adenocarcinoma (AD) from a VTE perspective.MethodsA retrospective study was performed on AIS and IA adenocarcinoma in our hospital from January 2018 to December 2021, and divided into AIS group and AD group. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to compare the incidence of VTE and coagulation function, and to analyze whether the RAM is more effective when the “malignancy” item is not evaluated in AIS.Results491 patients were included after screening, including 104 patients in the AIS group and 387 patients in the AD group. After PSM, 83 patients were matched. The incidence of VTE and D-dimer in the AIS group was significantly lower than that in the AD group (P

Anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins are considered to be essential secondary metabolites in grapes and are used to regulate metabolic processes, while miRNAs are involved in their synthesis of anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins to regulate metabolic processes. The present research work was carried out to investigate the underlying regulatory mechanism of target genes in the grape cultivars 'Italia' and 'Benitaka'. miRNA and transnscriptomic sequencing technology were employed to characterize both the profiles of miRNAs and the transcripts of grape peels at 10 and 11 weeks post flowering (10 wpf and 11 wpf). The results revealed that the expression level of vvi-miR828a in 'Italia' at 10 and 11 wpf was significantly higher than that in 'Benitaka'. miRNA-seq analysis predicted MYBPA1 to be the target gene of vvi-miR828a. In transcriptome analysis, the expression level of the VvMYBPA1 gene in 'Benitaka' was significantly higher than that in 'Italia'; in addition, the TPM values (expression levels) of VvMYBPA1 and miR828a also showed an evident negative correlation. The determination of the proanthocyanidin (PA) content in 'Italia' and 'Benitaka' peels at 11 wpf demonstrated that the PA content of 'Benitaka' was significantly higher than that of 'Italia'. The outcomes of RT-qRCR analysis exhibited that the expression levels of the VdPAL, VdCHS, VdCHI, VdDFR, VdMYB5b, VdANR, and VdMYBPA1 genes related anthocyanin and proanthocyanidin pathways were reduced, while the expression levels of all of the above genes were increased after the transient expression of the VvMYBPA1 vector into grape leaves. The results of the transient overexpression experiment of vvi-miR828a before the veraison period of strawberry fruits showed that vvi-miR828a can significantly slow down the coloration of strawberries. The vvi-miR828a negatively regulates the accumulation of proanthocyanidins in grape fruits by inhibiting the expression of VvMYBPA1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective: To delay the digestion of carbohydrates by inhibiting the activity of carbohydrate digestive enzymes, thereby preventing and controlling the effects of diabetes has become a research hotspot across multiple fields. j8 Conglycinin is the most abundant functional protein in soy protein, but it is unknown whether the peptides produced after gastrointestinal digestion possess the activity to inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes. Method: Conglycinin was subjected to simulated gastrointestinal digestion, and glucosidase inhibitory peptides and amylase inhibitory peptides were selected through virtual screening and ADMET prediction, and the inhibitory effects of the peptides on " --glucosi-dase and " --amylase were tested. Results: ! --Conglycinin was virtually digested into 95 small molecular peptides by pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin; eight "--glucosidase inhibitory peptides and "--amylase inhibitory peptides were selected; it was found that hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions play an important role in the binding of peptides with glucosidase and amylase; in vitro verification found that the tetrapeptide EASY has a strong inhibitory effect on glucosidase, with an IC0 value of 208.6 g/mL, and no obvious inhibitory effect on amylase was observed. Conclusion: The glucosidase inhibitory peptide EASY possesses the activity to inhibit carbohydrate digestive enzymes and may become a potential inhibitor for controlling diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Precious metal nanoparticles, especially Ag-based nanoparticles due to their strong surface plasma effect and excellent catalytic performance, have been widely applied in environmental remediation and detection of heavy metal ions in aqueous solution. In this study, first, bimetallic Ag/Co nanoparticles (Ag/Co NPs) modified by sodium citrate were synthesized by chemical reduction method. Second, bimetallic Ag/Co NPs were used as colorimetric probe for detecting Cr 3 + and Fe 3 + in aqueous solution simultaneously for the first time. The results showed that the probe had high specificity towards Cr 3 + and Fe 3 + among the tested metal ions. When Cr 3 + was mixed with Ag/Co NPs, the solution quickly changed from yellow to pink, meanwhile, the UV–Vis absorption intensity declined at 400 nm and a new prominent absorption band was formed at 530 nm. While Fe 3 + was mixed with Ag/Co NPs, the solution quickly changed from yellow to nearly colorless. The linear relationship between absorbance of bimetallic Ag/Co NPs at 400 nm and −log of Cr 3 + concentration is 1 nM to 10 μ M, which y = 0. 0 0 8 4 x + 1. 5 0 1 2 and R 2 = 0. 9 8 5 5. The limit of detection (LOD) for this study was 1.14 nM. Similar to Cr 3 + , the LOD for Fe 3 + was calculated 16.3 μ M. In addition, the catalytic performance of bimetallic Ag/Co NPs was evaluated by methylene blue (MB) in the presence of H2O2. The catalytic degradation efficiency of bimetallic Ag/Co NPs was about 4.8 times greater than monometallic Ag NPs, confirming Ag and Co NPs had obviously synergistic effect. Therefore, this result made bimetallic Ag/Co NPs had potential application in the field of environmental remediation. Bimetallic Ag/Co nanoparticles (NPs) modified by sodium citrate were synthesized by chemical reduction method. The prepared Ag/Co NPs were used as a colorimetric probe for detecting Cr3+ and Fe3+ in aqueous solution simultaneously for the first time. Furthermore, the catalytic performance of bimetallic Ag/Co NPs was evaluated by methylene blue in the presence of H2O2. The catalytic degradation efficency of bimetallic Ag/Co NPs was 4.8 times greater than monometallic Ag NPs, confirming that Ag and Co NPs have a synergistic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AbstractMoving vehicle-based sensors (MVSs) have been increasingly used for real-time sensing and anomaly detection in various applications such as the detection of wildfires and oil spills. In this article, we propose data-driven sampling strategies using MVSs to quickly identify abrupt changes in an area of interest in real time considering their pathwise movement constraints. To tackle challenges due to variability and partial observability of online observations, we integrate instruments of statistical process control and mathematical optimization to monitor the global status of the area of interest and adaptively adjust paths of MVSs to sample from suspicious locations based on real-time data. We provide theoretical investigations and conduct simulations to validate the superior performance of the proposed methods. In a numerical study based on real-world wildfire data, we illustrate that our proposed strategies are able to detect wildfires much earlier than benchmark methods and can significantly reduce wildfire-related costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]