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Organic–inorganic halide perovskites have shown great potential for the conversion of solar energy to hydrogen fuel via photocatalytic reaction due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. However, one of the biggest challenges for organic–inorganic halide perovskite materials in photocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) lies in the serious recombination of photogenerated electron and hole pairs. Herein, we reported that the coupling of nickel phosphide (Ni2P) nanoparticles with methylammonium lead halide (MAPbI3) perovskite can significantly enhance the photocatalytic H2 evolution performance of MAPbI3. We found that Ni2P coupling can promote the electron exaction from MAPbI3, thereby accelerating the charge transfer and retarding the charge recombination. Moreover, Ni2P particles exhibited good electrocatalytic activity for the HER. Consequently, the Ni2P/MAPbI3 composite exhibited ca. 459 times higher activity than the parent MAPbI3 in photocatalytic HI splitting reaction. Moreover, the Ni2P/MAPbI3 composite exhibited excellent stability during cycling tests. This work demonstrated the potential of using Ni2P as non-noble metal-based co-catalyst to promote the photocatalytic performance of organic–inorganic halide perovskite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT The conversion of methane to liquid products, hydrogen ([H.sub.2]), and ammonia ([NH.sub.3]) was investigated experimentally using microgap discharge plasma at an environmentally friendly condition. The experimental results indicated that [...]

A pilot-scale experiment for killing red tide organisms in a sea enclosure was done in Bohai Sea off Dalian City, China, in August 2003. With the physical method of micro-gap gas discharge, an OH* solution of 24.3 mg/L was produced by the ionization of [O.sub.2] in air and [H.sub.2]O at gas state and then dissolved into one part of seawater. When the OH* concentration was 0.68 mg/L in the sea enclosure, the total kill efficiencies of 26 kinds of red tide organisms reached 99.8%, in which the bacterium and vibrio were reduced below the detection limit, meanwhile Gonyaulax cysts and Prei. Cysts with the cell crust were decreased to under the test limit. In addition, the content of chlorophyll-[alpha] was decreased below the test limit. The dissolved oxygen saturation of seawater was greatly increased to 430%. Therefore, the treatment of red tide using OH* radicals is a kind of advanced oxidation technology, which realizes zero pollution, zero emission, and zero residual. Index Terms--Kill efficiency, micro-gap discharge, OH* radicals, red tide organisms.

The plasma synthesis of ammonia has been studied in nitrogen-hydrogen plasma using a microgap dielectric barrier discharge at ambient pressure. With the new technology of dielectric layers, the high-energy electrons are obtained in a narrow discharge gap; meanwhile, [N.sub.2] and [H.sub.2] molecules are ionized and dissociated and a large number of free atoms, ions, and radicals are formed in a nonequilibrium plasma after inelastic collisions. The final product was mainly ammonia, and the yield of ammonia reaches 12500 ppm (1.25%). In this way, plasma synthesis of ammonia at ambient pressure is realized and a new method is provided for inorganic synthesis. Index Terms--Ambient pressure, concentration of ammonia, dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), synthesis of ammonia.

Current gas ionization discharge techniques used in the removal of NO x from waste gases require large plasma sources, have high energy consumption, and may feature low NO x removal rates. We develop a system to generate reactive oxygen species through a strong ionization discharge, which is injected into a flow of simulated waste gas. The relative proportions and temperatures of input gases were controlled and the rate of consumption by reactive species was monitored. HNO oxidization products of NO x were also collected and measured. The molar ratio of reactive oxygen species to NO was optimized to improve the rate of NO x removal. A input gas temperature of 58-60 °C was also found to be optimal. The O volume fraction has almost no influence on NO x removal, while HO volume fractions above 6 %, gave rise to NO x removal rates of 97.2 %. The present study addresses disadvantages of current gas ionization discharge and requires no catalyst, reducing agent or oxidant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although submicrometer dust of 0.01-1 μm is a great hazard to the human being and the environment, the collection efficiency of which by using an electrostatic precipitator is still low at present. The high density ions (1.97 x 109 cm-3), which are produced by the synergistic effect of the high gas particle momentum of 9.82 x 10-22 g ∙m ∙ s-1 in the flue and ionized in the strong electric field, provide many ions for submicrometer dust charging and coagulation. In this paper, the new method of homopolarity submicrometer dust coagulation in an alternating electric field was investigated. The experimental results showed that in the conditions of reduced alternating electric field strength of 7 Td and frequency of 100 Hz, for a median particle size of 0.2-μm silicon powder, the mass percent of particles of < 0.2 μm decreased from 71% to 53%. The changing rate was 25.4%, whereas the mass changing rate of the particles of 5-10 μm increased by 1.62 times. For a median particle size of 6-μm talcum powder, the mass percent of particles of < 2 μm decreased from 22% to 11%. The changing rate was 50%, whereas particles of 5-10 μm increased by 18%. The experimental results showed that the coagulation in an alternating electric field will be an effective method to collect submicrometer dust in high velocity flow field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A correction to the article "Production of Reactive Oxygen Species and Application for NOx Control" that was published online in the August 6, 2014 issue is presented.