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The phase transformation and vanadium leaching mechanism of stone coal during two blank calcined stages are systematically studied. Composition, structure, and morphology of the materials are analyzed by ICP‐AES, BPMA, XRD, FTIR, and SEM. The results show that the main components of stone coal are SiO2, C, aluminosilicate and FeS2, V2O5 is 0.70%. Two‐stage roasting is a process of deformation, melting, and reconstruction of stone coal, the oxidation of pyrite, decomposition of aluminosilicate, sulfation of calcite, combustion of carbon and the formation of calcium vanadate occur in the first stage, the oxidation of low‐price vanadium occurs in the second stage. At −0.074 mm ≥90%, liquid solid ratio 1.5:1, 10% sulfuric acid reaction at room temperature for 3 h, the vanadium leaching rate in each material is in the order of roasting slag>decarbonized slag>stone coal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have a wide range of applications in many fields, such as electronic devices, composites, sensors, catalysts, hydrogen storage materials, biomedicine, and energy, due to their unique structure and excellent physicochemical properties. As new composite materials require more and more precise control of carbon nanotube growth, the traditional research on carbon nanotube growth mechanism and growth parameter mechanism is difficult to meet the demand for precise control of carbon nanotube growth under complex conditions such as in-situ growth on the surface of composite materials. Given, Because of, it has become one of the hotspots to explore the growth mechanism of CNTs on the microscopic scale by high-end characterization tests and simulations under complex conditions, and then precisely regulate the growth of CNTs. This paper summarizes the latest research progress on the growth mechanism, preparation, and application of CNTs in recent years, and focuses on the research progress on the latest application of CNTs in different fields of high-end materials, especially in the control of carbon nanotube growth by intelligent algorithms and other aspects of the proposed new understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbon nanotube (CNT) arrays are an attractive material, and achieving their low-cost and controllable growth is a difficult task. In this study, a strategy for the integrated growth of CNT arrays is proposed to control the deep fusion of catalyst preparation and CNT growth with full parameters. The experimental results of more than ten kinds of combinations controlling the reaction process from three aspects of substrate roughness, infiltration time and preheating temperature are described in detail. The proposed multi-objective full-parameter particle swarm optimization algorithm is used for adaptive iteration, and a multi-factor optimal CNT diameter and dispersion mathematical model is established. The error between the experimental diameter of the CNT arrays and the calculated value of the optimal mathematical model is 5.8%. Finally, inspired by plants growing towards the sun, the reaction-energy (entropy) growth mechanism is proposed, which provides a basis for the synergistic regulation of reaction and energy. The integrated growth of the CNT arrays provides an important reference for accurate, energy-saving and efficient prediction and regulation of the morphology and performance of the CNT arrays. Meanwhile, it also has great potential application value in electronic devices (such as carbon-based chips). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]