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In this paper, a multi-channel air cooling method has been proposed for the prismatic power battery thermal management system by separating the original one channel into several using windshield, enhancing the heat dissipation capacity of the traditional air cooling system, improving the temperature uniformity of the battery pack. In this study, the temperature increment of the lithium cobalt oxide battery caused by the discharging and the relationship between the electric resistance and the depth of discharge (DOD) have been observed experimentally, furthermore, the cooling characteristics of the multi-channel thermal management system has been studied numerically. As a result, the heat dissipation effectiveness of 3 channels U type cooling system has been found is superior to others. For instance, the maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference decrease 8.4 K and 12.4 K respectively for the 0.5 m/s air flow velocity, whereas for the case of 5 m/s air flow velocity, both the above 2 values decrease 5.3 K. The maximum temperature and the maximum temperature difference of the battery pack maintain a value in a reasonable range.

Inland aquaculture ponds, as an important land use type, have brought great economic benefits to local people but at the same time have caused many environmental problems threatening regional ecology security. Therefore, understanding the spatiotemporal pattern of aquaculture ponds and its potential influence on water quality is vital for the sustainable development of inland lakes. In this study, based on Landsat5/8 images, three types of land features, namely spectral features, index features, and texture features, and five machine learning algorithms, namely random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), artificial neural network (ANN), k-nearest neighbor (KNN), and Gaussian naive Bayes (GNB), were combined to identify aquaculture ponds and some other primary land use types around a typical inland lake of China. The results demonstrated that the XGBoost algorithm that integrated the three features performed the best among all groups of the five machine learning algorithms and the three features, with an overall accuracy of up to 96.15%. In particular, the texture features provided additional useful information besides the spectral features to allow more accurately separation of aquaculture ponds from other land use types and thus improve the land use mapping ability in complex inland lakes. Next, this study examined the tendency of aquaculture ponds and found a segmented increase mode, namely sharp increase during 1984–2003 and then slow elevation since 2003. Further positive correlation detected between the area of aquaculture ponds and the phytoplankton population dynamics suggest a likely influence of aquaculture activity on the lake water quality. This study provides an important scientific basis for the sustainable management and ecological protection of inland lakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lung transplantation results are compromised by ischemia–reperfusion injury and alloimmune responses. Ex vivo lung perfusion (EVLP) is used to assess marginal donor lungs before transplantation but is also an excellent platform to apply novel therapeutics. We investigated donor lung immunomodulation using genetically engineered mesenchymal stromal cells with augmented production of human anti-inflammatory hIL-10 (MSCsIL-10). Pig lungs were placed on EVLP for 6 h and randomized to control (n = 7), intravascular delivery of 20 × 106 (n = 5, low dose) or 40 × 106 human MSCs IL-10 (n = 6, high dose). Subsequently, single-lung transplantation was performed, and recipient pigs were monitored for 3 days. hIL-10 secretion was measured during EVLP and after transplantation, and immunological effects were assessed by cytokine profile, T and myeloid cell characterization and mixed lymphocyte reaction. MSCIL-10 therapy rapidly increased hIL-10 during EVLP and resulted in transient hIL-10 elevation after lung transplantation. MSCIL-10 delivery did not affect lung function but was associated with dose-related immunomodulatory effects, with the low dose resulting in a beneficial decrease in apoptosis and lower macrophage activation, but the high MSCIL-10 dose resulting in inflammation and cytotoxic CD8+ T cell activation. MSCIL-10 therapy during EVLP results in a rapid and transient perioperative hIL-10 increase and has a therapeutic window for its immunomodulatory effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ferroptosis, characterized by iron‐dependent lipid reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, plays a pivotal role in cisplatin‐induced ototoxicity. Existing research has suggested that in cisplatin‐mediated damage to auditory cells and hearing loss, ferroptosis is partially implicated. 4‐Octyl itaconate (4‐OI), derived from itaconic acid, effectively permeates cell membranes, showcasing potent anti‐inflammatory as well as antioxidant effects in several disease models. Our study aimed to investigate the effect of 4‐OI on cisplatin‐induced ferroptosis and the underlying molecular mechanisms. The survival rates of HEI‐OC1 cells and mice cochlea hair cells were measured by CCK8 and immunofluorescence, respectively. The auditory brainstem response (ABR) audiometry was used to detect changes in hearing thresholds in mice before and after treatment. Levels of ROS were evaluated by DCFH‐DA. Real‐time PCR quantified inflammatory cytokines TNF‐α, IL‐6 and IL‐1β. Network Pharmacology and RNA sequencing (RNA‐seq) analysis of the potential mechanism of 4‐OI resistance to cisplatin‐induced ferroptosis. The expressions of ferroptosis‐related factors (GPX4, SLC7A11 and PTGS2) and important antioxidant factors (NRF2, HO‐1, GCLC and NQO1) were tested by real‐time PCR, Western blot and immunofluorescence. Results demonstrated cisplatin‐induced significant ROS and inflammatory factor release, reduced NRF2 expression, hindered nuclear translocation and activated ferroptosis. Pretreatment with 4‐OI exhibited anti‐inflammatory and antioxidant effects, along with resistance to ferroptosis, ultimately mitigating cisplatin‐induced cell loss. In the present study, we show that 4‐OI inhibits cisplatin‐induced ferroptosis possibly through activation of the NRF2/HO‐1 signalling pathway, thereby exerting a protective effect against cisplatin‐induced damage to auditory cells, and providing a new therapeutic strategy for cisplatin‐induced hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Soy protein gel products are prone to direct oxidation by reactive oxygen during processing and transportation, thus reducing their functional properties and nutritional values. A covalent complex was prepared with soy protein isolate (SPI) and ferulic acid (FA) catalyzed by laccase (LC). The complex was further treated with microbial transglutaminase (TGase) to form hydrogels. The structural changes of the covalent complex (SPI‐FA) and the properties and antioxidant stability of hydrogel were investigated. RESULTS: The SPI‐FA complexes were demonstrated to be covalently bound by sodium dodecyl sulfate–polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and they had the least hydrophobic and free sulfhydryl groups at a 1.0 mg mL−1 FA concentration. The α‐helix of complexes increased from 11.50% to 27.39%, and random coil dropped from 26.06% to 14.44%. The addition of FA caused SPI fluorescence quenching and redshift. The hydrogel was formed after the complex was induced with TGase, and its hardness and water holding capacity was increased by 50.61% and 26.21%, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that a layered and ordered gel structure was formed. After in vitro digestion, the complex hydrogels maintained stable antioxidant activity, and the free radical scavenging rates of DPPH and ABTS reached 87.65% and 84.45%, respectively. CONCLUSION: SPI‐FA covalent complexes were prepared under laccase catalysis, and complex hydrogels were formed by TGase. Hydrogels have stable antioxidant activity, which provides application prospects for the antioxidant development of food. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]