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Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can reduce inflammation, restore renal injury and maintain immune homeostasis by paracrine various cytokines and regulating immune cells. In preclinical studies, it has been proved that mesenchymal stem cells have obvious therapeutic effects on acute kidney injury, diabetic nephropathy, lupus nephritis and various glomerular diseases in animal models. In clinical studies, mesenchymal stem cells have also been shown to be safe and partially effective. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy has revealed a new model of biotherapy in kidney diseases.

In this work, the effect of superparamagnetic [gamma]-[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3] nanoparticles and ultraviolet light (UV) synergistic degradation on the treatment of 1,3,5-triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB) explosive wastewater was studied. [gamma]-[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3] nanoparticles were prepared by hydrolysis method and the degradation performance of TATB explosive wastewater was systematically studied with UV light assisted. The results showed that [gamma]-[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3] magnetic nanoparticles have a low size distribution that ranged from 5 to 10 nm and possesses superparamagnetic properties. The optimized degradation condition was investigated and best degradation performance was obtained with the optimized conditions: the initial of pH = 3, UV illumination intensity (5 w/[cm.sup.2]), reaction temperature (25 [degrees]C), initial total organic carbon concentration (4.025 mg/L) as well as reaction time (60 min). This work can offer a new idea to degrade the explosive wastewater. Key words: [gamma]-[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3] nanoparticles, [gamma]-[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3]/UV, synergistic degradation, TATB wastewater, optimization. Dans le cadre de ces travaux, nous avons etudie l'effet de la degradation synergique induite par des nanoparticules de [gamma][Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3] superparamagnetiques et la lumiere ultraviolette (UV) sur le traitement des eaux usees explosives contaminees par le 1,3,5triamino-2,4,6-trinitrobenzene (TATB). Nous avons prepare les nanoparticules de [cFe.sub.2][O.sub.3] par hydrolyse et nous avons etudie systematiquement leur rendement de degradation des eaux usees explosives contaminees par le TATB en presence de rayons UV. Les resultats montrent que ces nanoparticules magnetiques de [cFe.sub.2][O.sub.3] presentent une faible distribution granulometrique, allant de 5 nm a 10 nm, et sont dotees des proprietes superparamagnetiques. Nous avons travaille a optimiser les conditions de degradation, le meilleur rendement de degradation ayant ete obtenu dans les conditions suivantes : pH initial = 3, intensite d'eclairement UV (5 W/[cm.sup.2]), temperature de reaction (25 [degrees]C), concentration initiale de carbone organique total (4,025 mg/L) et temps de reaction (60 min). Ces travaux permettent de proposer une nouvelle approche pour la degradation des eaux usees explosives. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : nanoparticules de [gamma]-[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3], [gamma]-[Fe.sub.2][O.sub.3]/UV, degradation synergique, eaux usees contaminees par le TATB, optimization., Introduction Explosives have pioneered high energy density, instantaneous high power energetic materials and provided indispensable support for the substantial development of weapons. (1-7) With the continuous development of the society, [...]

We aimed to investigate the role of renal pericyte pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) in the progression of acute kidney injury (AKI) to chronic kidney disease (CKD). The role of PKM2 in renal pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation was investigated in an AKI‐CKD mouse model. Platelet growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ)‐iCreERT2; tdTomato mice were used for renal pericyte tracing. Western blotting and immunofluorescence staining were used to examine protein expression. An 5‐ethynyl‐2′‐deoxyuridine assay was used to measure renal pericyte proliferation. A scratch cell migration assay was used to analyse cell migration. Seahorse experiments were used to examine glycolytic rates. Enzyme‐linked immunoassay was used to measure pyruvate kinase enzymatic activity and lactate concentrations. The PKM2 nuclear translocation inhibitors Shikonin and TEPP‐46 were used to alter pericyte transdifferentiation. In AKI‐CKD, renal pericytes proliferated and transdifferentiated into myofibroblasts and PKM2 is highly expressed in renal pericytes. Shikonin and TEPP‐46 inhibited pericyte proliferation, migration, and pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation by reducing nuclear PKM2 entry. In the nucleus, PKM2 promoted downstream lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) transcription, which are critical for glycolysis. Therefore, PKM2 regulates pericyte glycolytic and lactate production, which regulates renal pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation. PKM2‐regulated renal pericyte‐myofibroblast transdifferentiation by regulating downstream LDHA and GLUT1 transcription and lactate production. Reducing nuclear PKM2 import can reduce renal pericytes‐myofibroblasts transdifferentiation, providing new ideas for AKI‐CKD treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil organic matter (SOM) is an important source of crop growth, its content can reflect soil fertility status. In order to realize the fast and real-time estimation of the SOM, based on hyperspectral data, a rapid estimation model of SOM content in orchards was established. A total of 100 brown soil samples were collected from the apple orchard of Qixia county, Yantai city, Shandong province. After drying and grinding, the hyper-spectrum of the soil was measured in the laboratory using ASD FieldSpec. The spectral data was preprocessed by the method of moving average, and the spectral reflectance features of orchard soil were analyzed to study the correlation between spectral reflectance and its soil organic matter content. In order to enhance the correlation between relevant spectral parameters and soil indexes, the original data were processed by using the multivariate scattering correction, the first derivative and the first derivative of MSC. After the sensitive wavelengths of soil organic matter content were selected and the spectral indexes were constructed. Multiple linear regression models (MLR), support vector machines (SVM) and random forest (RF) models were respectively established. The estimation accuracy of the orchard soil organic matter estimation model was measured by the determination coefficient (R2), root mean square error (RMSE) and relative analysis error (RPD). The sensitive wavelengths of soil organic matter content selected were 678, 709, 1931, 1939, 1996 and 2201 nm. The spectral parameters were constructed using the selected wavelengths, which were NDSI(678, 709), NDSI(678, 1931), NDSI(678, 2201), NDSI(709, 1939), and NDSI(1939, 2201). These models established include MLR, SVM and RF model. The RF model had the best precision. The calibration sample R2 was 0.8804, the RMSE was 0.1423 and RPD reached 2.25; the R2 of the verification model was 0.7466, the RMSE was 0.1266, and the RPD was 1.79. The results showed that the fitting effect of the hyperspectral inversion model based on RF regression analysis was better than that based on MLR analysis and SVM regression analysis. As a promising and effective method, RF can play a vital role in predicting soil organic matter. The results can help understanding the distribution of soil nutrients, guiding farmers to apply fertilizer reasonably and improving the efficiency of orchard production and management.

Amidst rapid urbanization, municipal wastewater treatment plants remain a significant source of nitrogen compounds, which stems from their effluents. Constructed wetlands, employing denitrification processes, have been proven effective at nitrogen removal. Variations in influent nutrient concentrations are often seen as limiting factors affecting nitrogen removal and influencing microbial communities. This study evaluates the impact of nutrient limitation on nitrogen removal by analyzing changes in microbial communities within constructed wetlands under different influent water C/N ratios. The findings indicate that both excessively high and low C/N ratios constrain nitrogen decomposition, with optimal nitrogen removal observed at C/N ratios of 6 or 7. Moderate C/N values (6–7) support diverse and stable microbial networks, ensuring treatment system stability. Microorganisms play a pivotal role in nitrogen transformation, with the nirk gene being crucial for NH4+−N conversion, while the AOA gene dominates NO2−−N and TN conversion. This study offers practical guidance for identifying a suitable C/N ratio for wastewater treatment and establishes a theoretical foundation for regulating nitrogen removal by microbial communities in constructed wetlands within nitrogen removal systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]