34 results on '"Baik SM"'
Search Results
2. Pancreatic angiography
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Shinn, KS, primary, Kang, SW, additional, Baik, SM, additional, and Kim, JW, additional
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- 1978
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3. Utility of arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient as a severity index in critical care.
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Hong KS, Lee JG, Kim TY, Lee JM, Park H, Lee H, Yang NR, and Baik SM
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Background: The arterial to end-tidal carbon dioxide gradient (P [a-Et] CO
2 ) reveals the ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) status of critically ill patients. V/Q mismatch has several causes and affects the clinical outcomes of critically ill patients. We investigated the relationship between P (a-Et) CO2 and the clinical outcomes in critically ill patients., Methods: Critically ill patients (n = 1,978) on mechanical ventilation and capnography in the intensive care units of two institutions were enrolled and categorized into three groups: P (a-Et) CO2 ≤10 mmHg (low group), 10 mmHg < P (a-Et) CO2 ≤ 20 mmHg (medium group), and 20 mmHg < P (a-Et) CO2 (high group)., Results: The Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score was 29.5 ± 8.1, 31.3 ± 8.2, and 33.3 ± 8.7 in the low, medium, and high groups, respectively (p < 0.001). Overall mortality rates were 25.5 %, 35.6 %, and 52.8 % in the low, medium, and high groups, respectively (p < 0.001). The odds ratio was 1.456 (95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.117-1.897, p = 0.002) and 2.320 (95 % CI: 1.635-3.293, p < 0.001) for the medium and high groups, respectively, with the low group as a reference. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of P (a-Et) CO2 for overall mortality was 0.604 (p < 0.001)., Conclusions: P (a-Et) CO2 is a simple, easily accessible indicator that potentially impacts patient care and outcomes as an independent marker for assessing disease severity and predicting mortality, especially in non-respiratory critical care scenarios., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interests The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.) more...- Published
- 2024
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4. Impact of nutrition-related laboratory tests on mortality of patients who are critically ill using artificial intelligence: A focus on trace elements, vitamins, and cholesterol.
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Park DJ, Baik SM, Lee H, Park H, and Lee JM
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Background: This study aimed to understand the collective impact of trace elements, vitamins, cholesterol, and prealbumin on patient outcomes in the intensive care unit (ICU) using an advanced artificial intelligence (AI) model for mortality prediction., Methods: Data from ICU patients (December 2016 to December 2021), including serum levels of trace elements, vitamins, cholesterol, and prealbumin, were retrospectively analyzed using AI models. Models employed included category boosting (CatBoost), extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), and multilayer perceptron (MLP). Performance was evaluated using area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. The performance was evaluated using 10-fold crossvalidation. The SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) method provided interpretability., Results: CatBoost emerged as the top-performing individual AI model with an AUROC of 0.756, closely followed by LGBM, MLP, and XGBoost. Furthermore, the ensemble model combining these four models achieved the highest AUROC of 0.776 and more balanced metrics, outperforming all models. SHAP analysis indicated significant influences of prealbumin, Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, and age on predictions. Notably, the ratios of selenium to age and low-density lipoprotein to total cholesterol also had a notable impact on the models' output., Conclusion: The study underscores the critical role of nutrition-related parameters in ICU patient outcomes. Advanced AI models, particularly in an ensemble approach, demonstrated improved predictive accuracy. SHAP analysis offered insights into specific factors influencing patient survival, highlighting the need for broader consideration of these biomarkers in critical care management., (© 2024 The Author(s). Nutrition in Clinical Practice published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of American Society for Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition.) more...
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- 2024
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5. Integrating ensemble and machine learning models for early prediction of pneumonia mortality using laboratory tests.
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Baik SM, Hong KS, Lee JM, and Park DJ
- Abstract
Background: The recent use of artificial intelligence (AI) in medical research is noteworthy. However, most research has focused on medical imaging. Although the importance of laboratory tests in the clinical field is acknowledged by clinicians, they are undervalued in medical AI research. Our study aims to develop an early prediction AI model for pneumonia mortality, primarily using laboratory test results., Materials and Methods: We developed a mortality prediction model using initial laboratory results and basic clinical information of patients with pneumonia. Several machine learning (ML) models and a deep learning method-multilayer perceptron (MLP)-were selected for model development. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC) and F1-score were optimized to improve model performance. In addition, an ensemble model was developed by blending several models to improve the prediction performance. We used 80,940 data instances for model development., Results: Among the ML models, XGBoost exhibited the best performance (AUROC = 0.8989, accuracy = 0.88, F1-score = 0.80). MLP achieved an AUROC of 0.8498, accuracy of 0.86, and F1-score of 0.75. The performance of the ensemble model was the best among the developed models, with an AUROC of 0.9006, accuracy of 0.90, and F1-score of 0.81. Several laboratory tests were conducted to identify risk factors that affect pneumonia mortality using the "Feature importance" technique and SHapley Additive exPlanations. We identified several laboratory results, including systolic blood pressure, serum glucose level, age, aspartate aminotransferase-to-alanine aminotransferase ratio, and monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio, as significant predictors of mortality in patients with pneumonia., Conclusions: Our study demonstrates that the ensemble model, incorporating XGBoost, CatBoost, and LGBM techniques, outperforms individual ML and deep learning models in predicting pneumonia mortality. Our findings emphasize the importance of integrating AI techniques to leverage laboratory test data effectively, offering a promising direction for advancing AI applications in medical research and clinical decision-making., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (© 2024 The Authors.) more...
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- 2024
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6. Effect of Foot Position on Ankle Muscle Activity During Wobble Board Training in Individuals With Chronic Ankle Instability.
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Choi JH, Cynn HS, Baik SM, and Kim SH
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- Humans, Male, Female, Young Adult, Chronic Disease, Adult, Posture physiology, Ankle Injuries physiopathology, Joint Instability physiopathology, Muscle, Skeletal physiopathology, Ankle Joint physiopathology, Foot physiopathology, Electromyography
- Abstract
Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of foot positioning on muscle activities of the peroneus longus (PL), medial gastrocnemius (MG), and tibialis anterior (TA)/PL ratio in individuals with chronic ankle instabilities (CAI) during wobble board training., Methods: Thirty individuals with CAI were included, and statistical significance of PL and MG muscle activities was determined using 1-way repeated measures analysis of variance alongside TA/PL activity ratio at the university research laboratory. The participants performed the wobble board training in 3 different foot positions: medial from the centerline of the wobble board (WBT-M), middle from the centerline of the wobble board, and lateral from the centerline of the wobble board (WBT-L). Peroneus longus, MG, and TA muscle activities were measured using surface electromyography., Results: Peroneus longus activity was significantly higher in the WBT-L position than in the other 2 positions, and it was significantly higher in the middle from the centerline of the wobble board than in the WBT-M position. Medial gastrocnemius activity was significantly greater in the WBT-L position than in the other 2 positions. Tibialis anterior/PL ratio was higher in the WBT-M position than in the other 2 positions., Conclusion: The findings of this study showed that WBT-L increased PL muscle activity by >70% of the maximal voluntary isometric contraction without increasing TA/PL ratio in individuals with CAI., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.) more...
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- 2024
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7. Machine learning model for osteoporosis diagnosis based on bone turnover markers.
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Baik SM, Kwon HJ, Kim Y, Lee J, Park YH, and Park DJ
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- Humans, Female, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Middle Aged, Aged, Bone Remodeling physiology, ROC Curve, Osteoporosis diagnosis, Machine Learning, Biomarkers blood
- Abstract
To assess the diagnostic utility of bone turnover markers (BTMs) and demographic variables for identifying individuals with osteoporosis. A cross-sectional study involving 280 participants was conducted. Serum BTM values were obtained from 88 patients with osteoporosis and 192 controls without osteoporosis. Six machine learning models, including extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost), light gradient boosting machine (LGBM), CatBoost, random forest, support vector machine, and k-nearest neighbors, were employed to evaluate osteoporosis diagnosis. The performance measures included the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUROC), F1-score, and accuracy. After AUROC optimization, LGBM exhibited the highest AUROC of 0.706. Post F1-score optimization, LGBM's F1-score was improved from 0.50 to 0.65. Combining the top three optimized models (LGBM, XGBoost, and CatBoost) resulted in an AUROC of 0.706, an F1-score of 0.65, and an accuracy of 0.73. BTMs, along with age and sex, were found to contribute significantly to osteoporosis diagnosis. This study demonstrates the potential of machine learning models utilizing BTMs and demographic variables for diagnosing preexisting osteoporosis. The findings highlight the clinical relevance of accessible clinical data in osteoporosis assessment, providing a promising tool for early diagnosis and management., Competing Interests: Declaration of conflicting interestsThe author(s) declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article. more...
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- 2024
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8. No Additional Effects of Sequential Facilitatory Cerebral and Cerebellar rTMS in Subacute Stroke Patients.
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Lee HS, Kim S, Kim H, Baik SM, Kim DH, and Chang WH
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The aim of this study was to investigate the additional effects of cerebellar rTMS on the motor recovery of facilitatory rTMS over affected primary motor cortex (M1) in subacute stroke patients. Twenty-eight subacute stroke patients were recruited in this single-blind, randomized, controlled trial. The Cr-Cbll group received Cr-Cbll rTMS stimulation consisting of high-frequency rTMS over affected M1 (10 min), motor training (10 min), and high-frequency rTMS over contralesional Cbll (10 min). The Cr-sham group received sham rTMS instead of high-frequency rTMS over the cerebellum. Ten daily sessions were performed for 2 weeks. A Fugl-Meyer Assessment (FMA) was measured before (T0), immediately after (T1), and 2 months after the intervention (T2). A total of 20 participants (10 in the Cr-Cbll group and 10 in the Cr-sham group) completed the intervention. There was no significant difference in clinical characteristics between the two groups at T0. FMA was significantly improved after the intervention in both Cr-Cbll and Cr-sham groups ( p < 0.05). However, there was no significant interaction in FMA between time and group. In conclusion, these results could not demonstrate that rTMS over the contralesional cerebellum has additional effects to facilitatory rTMS over the affected M1 for improving motor function in subacute stroke patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest. more...
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- 2024
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9. Deep learning model for differentiating acute myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia in peripheral blood cell images via myeloblast and lymphoblast classification.
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Park S, Park YH, Huh J, Baik SM, and Park DJ
- Abstract
Objective: Acute leukemia (AL) is a life-threatening malignant disease that occurs in the bone marrow and blood, and is classified as either acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Diagnosing AL warrants testing methods, such as flow cytometry, which require trained professionals, time, and money. We aimed to develop a model that can classify peripheral blood images of 12 cell types, including pathological cells associated with AL, using artificial intelligence., Methods: We acquired 42,386 single-cell images of peripheral blood slides from 282 patients (82 with AML, 40 with ALL, and 160 with immature granulocytes)., Results: The performance of EfficientNet-V2 (B2) using the original image size exhibited the greatest accuracy (accuracy, 0.8779; precision, 0.7221; recall, 0.7225; and F1 score, 0.7210). The next-best accuracy was achieved by EfficientNet-V1 (B1), with a 256 × 256 pixels image. F1 score was the greatest for EfficientNet-V1 (B1) with the original image size. EfficientNet-V1 (B1) and EfficientNet-V2 (B2) were used to develop an ensemble model, and the accuracy (0.8858) and F1 score (0.7361) were improved. The classification performance of the developed ensemble model for the 12 cell types was good, with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve above 0.9, and F1 scores for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts of 0.8873 and 0.8006, respectively., Conclusions: The performance of the developed ensemble model for the 12 cell classifications was satisfactory, particularly for myeloblasts and lymphoblasts. We believe that the application of our model will benefit healthcare settings where the rapid and accurate diagnosis of AL is difficult., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.) more...
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- 2024
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10. Development of blood demand prediction model using artificial intelligence based on national public big data.
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Kwon HJ, Park S, Park YH, Baik SM, and Park DJ
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Objective: Modern healthcare systems face challenges related to the stable and sufficient blood supply of blood due to shortages. This study aimed to predict the monthly blood transfusion requirements in medical institutions using an artificial intelligence model based on national open big data related to transfusion., Methods: Data regarding blood types and components in Korea from January 2010 to December 2021 were obtained from the Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service and Statistics Korea. The data were collected from a single medical institution. Using the obtained information, predictive models were developed, including eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Light Gradient Boosting Machine (LGBM), and category boosting (CatBoost). An ensemble model was created using these three models., Results: The prediction performance of XGBoost, LGBM, and CatBoost demonstrated a mean absolute error ranging from 14.6657 for AB+ red blood cells (RBCs) to 84.0433 for A+ platelet concentrate (PC) and a root mean squared error ranging from 18.5374 for AB+ RBCs to 118.6245 for B+ PC. The error range was further improved by creating ensemble models, wherein the department requesting blood was the most influential parameter affecting transfusion prediction performance for different blood products and types. Except for the department, the features that affected the prediction performance varied for each product and blood type, including the number of RBC antibody screens, crossmatch, nationwide blood donations, and surgeries., Conclusion: Based on blood-related open big data, the developed blood-demand prediction algorithm can efficiently provide medical facilities with an appropriate volume of blood ahead of time., Competing Interests: The authors declared no potential conflicts of interest with respect to the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article., (© The Author(s) 2024.) more...
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- 2024
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11. National cancer screening program for colorectal cancer in Korea.
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Baik SM and Lee RA
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Colorectal cancer is the 3rd leading cause of cancer-related deaths in Korea, ranking 4th and 3rd among men and women, respectively. It is also the most common cause of cancer-related deaths in women older than 64 years. This study assessed the National Cancer Screening Program for colorectal cancer and examined its efficacy in enhancing public health. The fecal occult blood test (FOBT), a traditional noninvasive colorectal cancer screening test that can be performed on an outpatient basis was replaced with the fecal immunochemical test (FIT) because of the latter's better predictive value. Since 2004, the Government of South Korea has recommended an annual FIT for people aged 50 years and older as the first step in colorectal cancer screening. Individuals who test positive on the FIT are scheduled for follow-up screening procedures, such as colonoscopy or double-contrast barium enema, whereas those who have a negative FOBT are not recommended for colonoscopy. Colonoscopy, as a screening tool in Korea, has definite merits because it is highly accessible to patients and is performed by qualified specialists. Although the domestic colorectal cancer screening rate is relatively stable, there is scope for improvement. Owing to the low cost of colonoscopy and the wealth of skilled endoscopy specialists, the number of intention-to-screen procedures for colonoscopy has increased. As Korea is rapidly becoming an ultra-elderly society, it is time to reconsider the revision of the classical screening program and recommend region-specific, cost-effective guidelines., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2023, the Korean Surgical Society.) more...
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- 2023
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12. Weighing the benefits of lymphadenectomy in early-stage colorectal cancer.
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Baik SM and Lee RA
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Recent advancements in endoscopic procedures have resulted in a growing diagnosis of early colorectal cancer (CRC) cases, where classical en bloc lymph node (LN) dissection is not performed and treatment is terminated with the removal of the main cancer lesion by endoscopy without pathologic LN staging. Although many studies report noninferior outcomes of endoscopic resection in comparison to surgical resection, a cautious approach to completing treatment with endoscopic resection alone is recommended because LN metastases may be present even in early-stage CRC. In most countries, including the United States, Europe, and South Korea, the guidelines for additional surgery after endoscopic resection are very similar. If LN metastasis is suspected, even in T1 stage or lower lesions, further surgery is an essential treatment modality, but confirmation of the presence of LN metastasis is perhaps the most difficult part of this process. Another paradoxical recent trend is the expansion of more extensive and complete surgical lymphadenectomy for CRC. The success rate of surgery has improved dramatically over the past decade with the introduction of surgical devices and minimally invasive surgery, and the associated risks have been significantly reduced. While the burden of surgery on patients is understandable, the indications for surgery in early colon cancer need to be carefully reviewed to improve cure rates. In this process, we believe that an integrated decision-making process with surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists, in addition to the opinions of endoscopists, will be an important process to improve the cure rate., Competing Interests: Conflict of Interest: No potential conflict of interest relevant to this article was reported., (Copyright © 2023, the Korean Surgical Society.) more...
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- 2023
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13. Application and utility of boosting machine learning model based on laboratory test in the differential diagnosis of non-COVID-19 pneumonia and COVID-19.
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Baik SM, Hong KS, and Park DJ
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- Humans, Diagnosis, Differential, Artificial Intelligence, Machine Learning, COVID-19 Testing, COVID-19 diagnosis, Pneumonia diagnosis
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Background: Non-Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia and COVID-19 have similar clinical features but last for different periods, and consequently, require different treatment protocols. Therefore, they must be differentially diagnosed. This study uses artificial intelligence (AI) to classify the two forms of pneumonia using mainly laboratory test data., Methods: Various AI models are applied, including boosting models known for deftly solving classification problems. In addition, important features that affect the classification prediction performance are identified using the feature importance technique and SHapley Additive exPlanations method. Despite the data imbalance, the developed model exhibits robust performance., Results: eXtreme gradient boosting, category boosting, and light gradient boosted machine yield an area under the receiver operating characteristic of 0.99 or more, accuracy of 0.96-0.97, and F1-score of 0.96-0.97. In addition, D-dimer, eosinophil, glucose, aspartate aminotransferase, and basophil, which are rather nonspecific laboratory test results, are demonstrated to be important features in differentiating the two disease groups., Conclusions: The boosting model, which excels in producing classification models using categorical data, excels in developing classification models using linear numerical data, such as laboratory tests. Finally, the proposed model can be applied in various fields to solve classification problems., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
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- 2023
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14. Deep learning approach for early prediction of COVID-19 mortality using chest X-ray and electronic health records.
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Baik SM, Hong KS, and Park DJ
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- Humans, Electronic Health Records, X-Rays, Artificial Intelligence, COVID-19 diagnostic imaging, Deep Learning
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Background: An artificial-intelligence (AI) model for predicting the prognosis or mortality of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients will allow efficient allocation of limited medical resources. We developed an early mortality prediction ensemble model for COVID-19 using AI models with initial chest X-ray and electronic health record (EHR) data., Results: We used convolutional neural network (CNN) models (Inception-ResNet-V2 and EfficientNet) for chest X-ray analysis and multilayer perceptron (MLP), Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), and random forest (RF) models for EHR data analysis. The Gradient-weighted Class Activation Mapping and Shapley Additive Explanations (SHAP) methods were used to determine the effects of these features on COVID-19. We developed an ensemble model (Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.8698) using a soft voting method with weight differences for CNN, XGBoost, MLP, and RF models. To resolve the data imbalance, we conducted F1-score optimization by adjusting the cutoff values to optimize the model performance (F1 score of 0.77)., Conclusions: Our study is meaningful in that we developed an early mortality prediction model using only the initial chest X-ray and EHR data of COVID-19 patients. Early prediction of the clinical courses of patients is helpful for not only treatment but also bed management. Our results confirmed the performance improvement of the ensemble model achieved by combining AI models. Through the SHAP method, laboratory tests that indicate the factors affecting COVID-19 mortality were discovered, highlighting the importance of these tests in managing COVID-19 patients., (© 2023. The Author(s).) more...
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- 2023
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15. Excellence of the closed intensive care unit system in critically ill surgical patients.
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Baik SM, Yang NR, Kim TY, and Hong KS
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- Humans, Aged, Risk Factors, Organ Dysfunction Scores, Retrospective Studies, Critical Illness, Intensive Care Units
- Abstract
Background: Despite reports that the closed intensive care unit (ICU) system improves clinical outcomes, it has not been widely applied for various reasons. This study aimed to propose a better ICU system for critically ill patients by comparing the experience of open surgical ICU (OSICU) and closed surgical ICU (CSICU) systems in the same institution., Methods and Findings: Our institution converted the ICU system from "open" to "closed" in February 2020, and enrolled patients were classified into the OSICU and CSICU groups at that time from March 2019 to February 2022. A total of 751 patients were categorized into the OSICU (n = 191) and CSICU (n = 560) groups. The mean age of the patients was 67 years in the OSICU group and 72 years in the CSICU group (p < 0.05). The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II score was 21.8 ± 7.65 in the CSICU group, which was higher than the score 17.4 ± 7.97 in the OSICU group (p < 0.05). The sequential organ failure assessment scores were 2.0 ± 2.29 in the OSICU group and 4.1 ± 3.06 in the CSICU group (p < 0.05). After correction for bias by logistic regression analysis for all-cause mortality, the odds ratio in the CSICU group was 0.089 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.014-0.568, p < 0.05)., Conclusions: Despite considering the various factors of increased patient severity, a CSICU system is more beneficial for critically ill patients. Therefore, we propose that the CSICU system be applied worldwide., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright: © 2023 Baik et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.) more...
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- 2023
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16. Machine learning algorithm for early-stage prediction of severe morbidity in COVID-19 pneumonia patients based on bio-signals.
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Baik SM, Kim KT, Lee H, and Lee JH
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- Humans, Retrospective Studies, Pandemics, Morbidity, Machine Learning, Algorithms, Oxygen, COVID-19
- Abstract
Background: Paralysis of medical systems has emerged as a major problem not only in Korea but also globally because of the COVID-19 pandemic. Therefore, early identification and treatment of COVID-19 are crucial. This study aims to develop a machine-learning algorithm based on bio-signals that predicts the infection three days in advance before it progresses from mild to severe, which may necessitate high-flow oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation., Methods: The study included 2758 hospitalized patients with mild severity COVID-19 between July 2020 and October 2021. Bio-signals, clinical information, and laboratory findings were retrospectively collected from the electronic medical records of patients. Machine learning methods included random forest, random forest ranger, gradient boosting machine, and support vector machine (SVM)., Results: SVM showed the best performance in terms of accuracy, kappa, sensitivity, detection rate, balanced accuracy, and run-time; the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was also quite high at 0.96. Body temperature and SpO
2 three and four days before discharge or exacerbation were ranked high among SVM features., Conclusions: The proposed algorithm can predict the exacerbation of severity three days in advance in patients with mild COVID-19. This prediction can help effectively manage the reallocation of appropriate medical resources in clinical settings. Therefore, this algorithm can facilitate adequate oxygen therapy and mechanical ventilator preparation, thereby improving patient prognosis, increasing the efficiency of medical systems, and mitigating the damage caused by a global pandemic., (© 2023. The Author(s).) more...- Published
- 2023
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17. Comparison of the Effects of Isometric Horizontal Abduction on Shoulder Muscle Activity During Wall Push-Up Plus and Wall Slide in Individuals With Scapular Winging.
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Kim SH, Cynn HS, Yi CH, Lee JH, and Baik SM
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- Male, Humans, Female, Cross-Sectional Studies, Scapula physiology, Electromyography, Shoulder physiology, Muscle, Skeletal physiology
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Context: Wall push-up plus (WPP) and wall slide (WS) are commonly prescribed in early rehabilitation to increase serratus anterior (SA) muscle activity. For individuals with scapular winging (SW), synergistic muscles such as upper trapezius (UT) and pectoralis major (PM) may compensate for weak SA during scapular movement. However, no studies have applied isometric horizontal abduction (IHA) during WS in individuals with SW nor have compared it with WPP with IHA., Objectives: This study compared the effects of IHA on shoulder muscle activity during WPP and WS exercises in individuals with SW., Design: Cross-sectional study; 2-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was used to assess the statistical significance of observed differences in SA, UT, PM, lower trapezius (LT), and infraspinatus (IS) muscle activities., Setting: Research laboratory., Patients: We recruited 30 individuals with SW comprising 20 men and 10 women., Interventions: The individuals performed WPP and WS exercises with and without IHA using Thera-Band., Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography was used to measure muscle activity of the SA, UT, PM, LT, and IS during the isometric phase of WPP and WS. Maximal voluntary isometric contractions were recorded to normalize electromyographic data., Results: There was no significant interaction between IHA application and exercise type for any of the shoulder muscles. IHA application increased SA (P = .008), UT (P = .001), LT (P = .009), and IS (P = .000) activities and decreased PM (P = .001) activity compared with those without IHA. WS exercises elicited higher PM (P = .017) and LT (P = .011) activities than WPP., Conclusion: WPP and WS with IHA may be effective in increasing the muscle activities of shoulder stabilizers and preventing overactivation of PM activity. WPP may be recommended for individuals with overactivated PM, whereas WS may be used to increase LT activity. more...
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- 2023
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18. A scoping review of the different types of exercise programs proposed for the improvement of postural balance in adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis.
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Baik SM, Kim SH, and Lee JH
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- Child, Humans, Adolescent, Spine, Exercise Therapy methods, Postural Balance, Physical Therapy Modalities, Scoliosis therapy, Kyphosis, Muscle Stretching Exercises
- Abstract
Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), which is the most common type of scoliosis, is a progressive disease that occurs in children aged 10-16 years. Abnormal curvature in AIS provokes spinal asymmetry of the upper body alignment and might deteriorate postural balancing and control ability., Objective: To evaluate the effect of exercise interventions on balance and postural stability in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis., Methods: Embase, Scopus, Pubmed (Medline) and Web of Science databases were searched using the terms idiopathic scoliosis, physiotherapy, and balance. The articles selected were published in English in peer-reviewed journals from 2012 to July 2022., Results: Ten studies met the inclusion criteria. The PEDro scale values ranged from 2 to 6 (mean, 3.6), indicating a low level of scientific rigor. In the sample studies, spinal stabilization exercises were most often trialed (n= 3), followed by Schroth's exercise (n= 2), stretching and self-elongation exercise (n= 2), the exercise protocol of Blount and Moe, physiotherapeutic scoliosis-specific exercise, and proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise (all n= 1)., Conclusions: Physical therapists will be able to apply hippotherapy, Schroth exercise, physiotherapy scoliosis-specific exercise, trunk stabilization, proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation exercise, spinal stabilization exercise, core stabilization exercise, and body awareness therapy to manage balance impairments in patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis, and further studies are needed to provide stronger evidence. more...
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- 2023
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19. Validation of presepsin measurement for mortality prediction of sepsis: a preliminary study.
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Baik SM, Park J, Kim TY, Choi SH, and Hong KS
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Background: Sepsis and septic shock remain the leading causes of death in critically ill patients worldwide. Various biomarkers are available to determine the prognosis and therapeutic effects of sepsis. In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of presepsin as a sepsis biomarker., Methods: Patients admitted to the intensive care unit with major or minor diagnosis of sepsis were categorized into survival and non-survival groups. The white blood cell count and serum C-reactive protein, procalcitonin, and presepsin levels were measured in all patients., Results: The study included 40 patients (survival group, 32; non-survival group, 8; mortality rate, 20%). The maximum serum presepsin levels measured during intensive care unit admission were significantly higher in the non-survival group (median [interquartile range]: 4,205.5 pg/ml [1,155.8-10,094.0] vs. 741.5 pg/ml [520.0-1,317.5], P<0.05). No statistically significant intergroup differences were observed in the maximum, minimum, and mean values of the white blood cell count, as well as serum C-reactive protein, and procalcitonin levels. Based on the receiver operating characteristic curve, the area under the curve for presepsin as a predictor of sepsis mortality was 0.764. At a cut-off value of 1,898.5 pg/ml, the sensitivity and specificity of presepsin for prediction of sepsis-induced mortality were 75.0% and 87.5%, respectively., Conclusions: Early diagnosis of sepsis and prediction of sepsis-induced mortality are important for prompt initiation of treatment. Presepsin may serve as an effective biomarker for prediction of sepsis-induced mortality and for evaluation of treatment effectiveness. more...
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- 2022
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20. High scored thyroid storm after stomach cancer perforation: A case report.
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Baik SM, Pae Y, and Lee JM
- Abstract
Background: Thyroid storm is a life-threatening emergency. Reportedly, the prevalence of thyroid storm is 1%-2% among patients admitted to the hospital for thyrotoxicosis. Burch and Wartofsky (1993) introduced a scoring system using precise clinical criteria to identify thyroid storms. Only 17 cases of thyroid storm with a score > 70 points have been reported. Although thyroid storms are uncommon, their clinical findings resemble those of sepsis., Case Summary: A 48-year-old man was referred to the emergency room from a local clinic owing to suspicion of gastric ulcer perforation; medications for hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hyperthyroidism had been suspended 1 year prior to this visit. We performed an emergency distal gastrectomy with Billroth II anastomosis for gastric cardia cancer perforation, and the patient was referred to the surgical intensive care unit (ICU). On the 2
nd d in the ICU, his body temperature (BT) increased to 41.3 °C at 19:00, with the thyroid storm score (90 points) peaking at 18:00 (BT; 41.2ºC, pulse rate; 138/min, irritable status). The patient was administered propylthiouracil, intravenous glucocorticoids, acetaminophen, and Lugol's solution daily. Subsequently, we performed bladder irrigation with cold saline using a Foley catheter and applied a hypothermic blanket to decrease the patient's BT. His vital signs were stable on the 8th day in the ICU., Conclusion: Thyroid storms are uncommon, with few reports in the literature; however, their clinical findings resemble those of sepsis and require further investigation. Since an untreated thyroid storm results in a high mortality rate, it should be investigated when managing sepsis., Competing Interests: Conflict-of-interest statement: All authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest related to this work., (©The Author(s) 2022. Published by Baishideng Publishing Group Inc. All rights reserved.) more...- Published
- 2022
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21. Optimal duration of the apnea test for determining brain death: Benefit of the short-term apnea test.
- Author
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Baik SM, Park J, Kim TY, and Hong KS
- Subjects
- Arterial Pressure, Carbon Dioxide, Humans, Partial Pressure, Apnea diagnosis, Brain Death diagnosis
- Abstract
Background: The criteria for brain death determination have not been unified globally, and there is no global consensus on the apnea test, which is essential for determining brain death. Since the apnea test is associated with many complications, we aimed to determine an optimal duration of the apnea test., Methods: We analyzed the results of the apnea test performed for brain death determination between August 2013 and February 2021 at a single institution in South Korea. Elevations in the partial pressure of carbon dioxide and mean arterial blood pressure fluctuations over time in the apnea test were recorded., Results: In the 1st and 2nd tests, the mean partial pressure of carbon dioxide increased by more than 20 mmHg at 3 min after the apnea test compared to before the test (P < 0.05). At 4 min in the 1st test and 5 min in the 2nd test, the partial pressure of carbon dioxide exceeded 60 mmHg (P < 0.05). The fluctuation in the mean arterial blood pressure observed for 5 min during the apnea test was not significant. There was no significant fluctuation in the mean arterial blood pressure over time in the apnea test between patients with normal chest radiography findings and those with abnormal chest radiography findings (P = 0.888)., Conclusions: Our study proposes that a short-term apnea test protocol is valid for the preservation of organs for donation., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. more...
- Published
- 2022
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22. Development of Machine-Learning Model to Predict COVID-19 Mortality: Application of Ensemble Model and Regarding Feature Impacts.
- Author
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Baik SM, Lee M, Hong KS, and Park DJ
- Abstract
This study was designed to develop machine-learning models to predict COVID-19 mortality and identify its key features based on clinical characteristics and laboratory tests. For this, deep-learning (DL) and machine-learning (ML) models were developed using receiver operating characteristic (ROC) area under the curve (AUC) and F1 score optimization of 87 parameters. Of the two, the DL model exhibited better performance (AUC 0.8721, accuracy 0.84, and F1 score 0.76). However, we also blended DL with ML, and the ensemble model performed the best (AUC 0.8811, accuracy 0.85, and F1 score 0.77). The DL model is generally unable to extract feature importance; however, we succeeded by using the Shapley Additive exPlanations method for each model. This study demonstrated both the applicability of DL and ML models for classifying COVID-19 mortality using hospital-structured data and that the ensemble model had the best predictive ability. more...
- Published
- 2022
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23. Effect of side-sling plank exercise on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius weakness.
- Author
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Baik SM, Cynn HS, Yi CH, Lee JH, Choi JH, and Lee KE
- Subjects
- Buttocks, Electromyography, Humans, Thigh, Hip, Muscle, Skeletal physiology
- Abstract
Background: The effectiveness of side-sling plank (SSP) exercises on trunk and hip muscle activation in subjects with gluteus medius (Gmed) weakness is unclear., Objective: To quantify muscle activation of the rectus abdominis (RA), external oblique (EO), erector spinae (ES), lumbar multifidus (LM), Gmed, gluteus maximus (Gmax), and tensor fasciae latae (TFL) during SSP with three different hip rotations compared to side-lying hip abduction (SHA) exercise in subjects with Gmed weakness., Methods: Twenty-two subjects with Gmed weakness were recruited. SHA and three types of SSP exercises were performed: SSP with neutral hip (SSP-N), hip lateral rotation (SSP-L), and hip medial rotation (SSP-M). Surface electromyography was used to measure the activation of the trunk and hip muscles., Results: The trunk and hip muscles activations were generally significantly higher level during three SSP than SHA. SSP-M showed significantly lower EO activation while significantly higher ES and LM activation than SSP-L. Gmed activation was significantly higher during SSP-M than during SSP-L. TFL activation was significantly lower during SSP-M than during SSP-N and SSP-L., Conclusions: SSP could be prescribed for patients who have reduced Gmed strength after injuries. Especially, SSP-M could be applied for patients who have Gmed weakness with dominant TFL. more...
- Published
- 2022
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24. Electromyographic Analysis of Hip and Trunk Muscle Activity During Side Bridge Exercises in Subjects With Gluteus Medius Weakness.
- Author
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Lee KE, Baik SM, Yi CH, Kwon OY, and Cynn HS
- Subjects
- Buttocks, Electromyography, Exercise Therapy, Female, Hip Joint, Humans, Male, Muscle, Skeletal, Thigh
- Abstract
Context: Side bridge exercises strengthen the hip, trunk, and abdominal muscles and challenge the trunk muscles without the high lumbar compression associated with trunk extension or curls. Previous research using electromyography (EMG) reports that performance of the side bridge exercise highly activates the gluteus medius (Gmed). However, to the best of our knowledge, no previous research has investigated EMG amplitude in the hip and trunk muscles during side bridge exercise in subjects with Gmed weakness., Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the EMG activity of the hip and trunk muscles during 3 variations of the side bridge exercise (side bridge, side bridge with knee flexion, and side bridge with knee flexion and hip abduction of the top leg) in subjects with Gmed weakness., Design: Repeated-measures experimental design., Setting: Research laboratory., Patients: Thirty subjects (15 females and 15 males) with Gmed weakness participated in this study., Intervention: Each subject performed 3 variations of the side bridge exercise in random order., Main Outcome Measures: Surface EMG was used to measure the muscle activities of the rectus abdominis, external oblique, longissimus thoracis, multifidus, Gmed, gluteus maximus, and tensor fasciae latae (TFL), and Gmed/TFL muscle activity ratio during 3 variations of the side bridge exercise., Results: There were significant differences in Gmed (F2,56 = 110.054, P < .001), gluteus maximus (F2,56 = 36.416, P < .001), and TFL (F2,56 = 108.342, P < .001) muscles among the 3 side bridge exercises. There were significant differences in the Gmed/TFL muscle ratio (F2,56 = 20.738, P < .001)., Conclusion: Among 3 side bridge exercises, the side bridge with knee flexion may be effective for the individuals with Gmed weakness among 3 side bridge exercises to strengthen the gluteal muscles, considering the difficulty of the exercise and relative contribution of Gmed and TFL. more...
- Published
- 2021
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25. The Future Direction of the Organ Donation System After Legislation of the Life-Sustaining Treatment Decision Act.
- Author
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Baik SM, Park J, Kim TY, Lee JH, and Hong KS
- Subjects
- Aged, Brain Death, Female, Humans, Male, Republic of Korea, Retrospective Studies, Tissue Donors, Organ Transplantation, Tissue and Organ Procurement
- Abstract
BACKGROUND The transplant community is seeking ways to encourage organ donation after cardiac arrest to solve the problem of the insufficiency of organs available for the increasing number of people awaiting transplantation. This study aimed to determine whether the life-sustaining treatment (LST) decision system, implemented in Korea on February 4, 2018, can address the shortage of organ donations. MATERIAL AND METHODS We retrospectively analyzed the medical records of the 442 patients who had filled out forms for the LST decision at Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital from April 2018 to December 2019, and classified the eligibility of organ and tissue donation according to the Korean Organ Donation Agency criteria. RESULTS We included 442 patients in this study. Among them, 238 (53.8%) were men, and 204 (46.2%) were women. The average age of the patients was 71.8 years (the youngest and oldest were aged 23 years and 103 years, respectively). Of these, 110 patients (24.9%) decided on their own to discontinue LST, whereas 332 (75.1%) decided to discontinue with their family's consent. This study demonstrated that 50% of patients who were not brain-dead and discontinued LST were eligible for organ donation. However, the patients and caregivers were not aware of this option because the current law does not allow the discussion of such donations. CONCLUSIONS A discussion regarding donation after circulatory death is recommended to solve the problem of insufficient organ donation. more...
- Published
- 2021
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26. Effects of Log-Rolling Position on Hip-Abductor Muscle Activation During Side-Lying Hip-Abduction Exercise in Participants With Gluteus Medius Weakness.
- Author
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Baik SM, Cynn HS, Shim JH, Lee JH, Shin AR, and Lee KE
- Subjects
- Buttocks, Electromyography, Exercise, Humans, Hip Joint, Muscle, Skeletal
- Abstract
Context: Weakness of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus is associated with a variety of musculoskeletal disorders. However, activation of synergistic muscles that are not targeted should be considered when prescribing side-lying hip-abduction (SHA) exercises. Log-rolling positions may affect hip-abductor activity during SHA., Objective: To determine the effects of log-rolling positions on gluteus medius, gluteus maximus, and tensor fasciae latae activity during SHA in participants with gluteus medius weakness., Design: Controlled laboratory study., Setting: University research laboratory., Patients or Other Participants: Twenty-one participants with gluteus medius weakness., Intervention(s): Three types of SHA were performed: frontal-plane SHA in neutral position (SHA-neutral), frontal-plane SHA in anterior log-rolling position (SHA-anterior rolling), and frontal-plane SHA in posterior log-rolling position (SHA-posterior rolling)., Main Outcome Measure(s): Surface electromyography was used to measure hip-abductor activity. One-way repeated-measures analysis of variance was calculated to assess the statistical significance of the muscle activity., Results: The SHA-anterior rolling showed greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than the SHA-neutral (P = .003 and P < .001, respectively) and SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001 and P < .001, respectively). The SHA-neutral demonstrated greater gluteus medius and gluteus maximus activation than the SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001 and P = .001, respectively). The SHA-anterior rolling produced less tensor fasciae latae activation than the SHA-neutral (P < .001) and SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001). The SHA-neutral showed less tensor fasciae latae activation than the SHA-posterior rolling (P < .001)., Conclusions: The SHA-anterior rolling may be an effective exercise for increasing activation of the gluteus medius and gluteus maximus while decreasing activation of the tensor fasciae latae in participants with gluteus medius weakness., (© by the National Athletic Trainers' Association, Inc.) more...
- Published
- 2021
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27. Effect of Isometric Hip Abduction on Foot and Ankle Muscle Activity and Medial Longitudinal Arch During Short-Foot Exercise in Individuals With Pes Planus.
- Author
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Choi JH, Cynn HS, Yi CH, Yoon TL, and Baik SM
- Subjects
- Adult, Electromyography, Female, Humans, Isometric Contraction, Male, Young Adult, Buttocks physiology, Exercise Therapy methods, Flatfoot physiopathology, Flatfoot therapy, Muscle Strength physiology, Muscle, Skeletal physiology
- Abstract
Context: The improvement of hip joint stability can significantly impact knee and rearfoot mechanics. Individuals with pes planus have a weak abductor hallucis (AbdH), and the tibialis anterior (TA) may activate to compensate for this. As yet, no studies have applied isometric hip abduction (IHA) for hip stability during short-foot exercise (SFE)., Objective: To compare the effects of IHA on the muscle activity of the AbdH, TA, peroneus longus (PL), and gluteus medius (Gmed), as well as the medial longitudinal arch (MLA) angle during sitting and standing SFE., Design: Two-way repeated analyses of variance were used to determine the statistical significance of AbdH, TA, PL, and Gmed electromyography activity, as well as the change in MLA angle., Setting: University research laboratory., Participants: Thirty-two participants with pes planus., Intervention(s): The participants performed SFE with and without isometric hip abduction in sitting and standing positions., Main Outcome Measures: Surface electromyography was used to measure the activity of the AbdH, TA, PL, and Gmed muscles, and Image J was used to measure the MLA angle., Results: Significant interactions between exercise type and position were observed in terms of the PL muscle activity and in the change in MLA angle only, while other muscles showed significant main effects. The IHA during SFE significantly increased the AbdH muscle activity, while the TA muscle activity was significantly lower. The muscle activity of Gmed and PL was significantly increased in the standing position compared with sitting, but there was no significant difference with or without IHA. The change in the MLA angle was significantly greater in SFE with IHA in a standing position than in the other SFE conditions., Conclusions: IHA may be an effective method for reducing compensatory TA activity and increasing AbdH muscle activity during SFE for individuals with pes planus. more...
- Published
- 2020
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28. A comparison of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic appendectomy and conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy: from the diagnosis to the hospital cost.
- Author
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Baik SM, Hong KS, and Kim YI
- Abstract
Purpose: Recently many cases of appendectomy have been conducted by single-incision laparoscopic technique. The aim of this study is to figure out the benefits of transumbilical single-port laparoscopic appendectomy (TULA) compared with conventional three-port laparoscopic appendectomy (CTLA)., Methods: From 2010 to 2012, 89 patients who were diagnosed as acute appendicitis and then underwent laparoscopic appendectomy a single surgeon were enrolled in this study and with their medical records were reviewed retrospectively. Cases of complicated appendicitis confirmed on imaging tools and patients over 3 points on the American Society of Anesthesia score were excluded., Results: Among the total of 89 patients, there were 51 patients in the TULA group and 38 patients in the CTLA group. The visual analogue scale (VAS) of postoperative day (POD) #1 was higher in the TULA group than in the CTLA group (P = 0.048). The operative time and other variables had no statistical significances (P > 0.05)., Conclusion: Despite the insufficiency of instruments and the difficulty of handling, TULA was not worse in operative time, VAS after POD #2, and the total operative cost than CTLA. And, if there are no disadvantages of TULA, TULA may be suitable in substituting three-port laparoscopic surgery and could be considered as one field of natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery with the improvement and development of the instruments and revised studies. more...
- Published
- 2013
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29. Regulatory roles of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M and Nova-1 protein in alternative splicing of dopamine D2 receptor pre-mRNA.
- Author
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Park E, Iaccarino C, Lee J, Kwon I, Baik SM, Kim M, Seong JY, Son GH, Borrelli E, and Kim K
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm genetics, COS Cells, Cattle, Chlorocebus aethiops, Dogs, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group M genetics, Humans, Mice, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen, Pan troglodytes, Protein Binding, RNA Precursors genetics, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Rats, Receptors, Dopamine D2 genetics, Alternative Splicing physiology, Antigens, Neoplasm metabolism, Exons physiology, Heterogeneous-Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein Group M metabolism, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, RNA Precursors metabolism, RNA, Messenger metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins metabolism, Receptors, Dopamine D2 biosynthesis
- Abstract
The dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) plays a crucial role in the regulation of diverse key physiological functions, including motor control, reward, learning, and memory. This receptor is present in vivo in two isoforms, D2L and D2S, generated from the same gene by alternative pre-mRNA splicing. Each isoform has a specific role in vivo, underlining the importance of a strict control of its synthesis, yet the molecular mechanism modulating alternative D2R pre-mRNA splicing has not been completely elucidated. Here, we identify heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M (hnRNP M) as a key molecule controlling D2R splicing. We show that binding of hnRNP M to exon 6 inhibited the inclusion of this exon in the mRNA. Importantly, the splicing factor Nova-1 counteracted hnRNP M effects on D2R pre-mRNA splicing. Indeed, mutations of the putative Nova-1-binding site on exon 6 disrupted Nova-1 RNA assembly and diminished the inhibitory effect of Nova-1 on hnRNP M-dependent exon 6 exclusion. These results identify Nova-1 and hnRNP M as D2R pre-mRNA-binding proteins and show their antagonistic role in the alternative splicing of D2R pre-mRNA. more...
- Published
- 2011
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30. Diagnosis and treatment of maxillary sinusitis after implant placement.
- Author
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Kim SG and Baik SM
- Subjects
- Amoxicillin-Potassium Clavulanate Combination therapeutic use, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Biocompatible Materials, Bone Transplantation, Collagen, Curettage, Dental Fistula diagnosis, Dental Fistula therapy, Follow-Up Studies, Humans, Intraoperative Complications, Male, Maxilla surgery, Maxillary Sinus injuries, Maxillary Sinusitis therapy, Membranes, Artificial, Middle Aged, Mucous Membrane injuries, Osseointegration physiology, Surgical Wound Infection therapy, Therapeutic Irrigation, Dental Implants adverse effects, Maxillary Sinusitis diagnosis, Surgical Wound Infection diagnosis
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prognosis and treatment of infection of the maxillary sinus associated with dental implants., Methods: Oral and radiographic general clinical features of 2 patients who developed maxillary sinusitis after implant placement., Results: The symptoms of maxillary sinusitis were improved by curettage through the lateral wall of the maxillary sinus, antibiotics, and sinus irrigation after 2 weeks of the operation., Conclusion: It was concluded that acute maxillary sinusitis should be treated with a direct approach to the maxillary sinus via lateral wall opening, regular irrigation in hospital, and antibiotics. more...
- Published
- 2010
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31. Comparison of genioplasty using Medpor and osteotomy.
- Author
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Park JY, Kim SG, Baik SM, and Kim SY
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Cephalometry statistics & numerical data, Female, Humans, Male, Osteotomy, Retrospective Studies, Statistics as Topic, Young Adult, Biocompatible Materials, Chin surgery, Polyethylenes, Prostheses and Implants, Plastic Surgery Procedures methods
- Abstract
Objective: This retrospective study compared genioplasty using Medpor with osteotomy by measuring the amount of anteroposterior change in hard and soft tissue., Study Design: Thirty-three patients who underwent mentum augmentation and who were followed-up >6 months were included. Subjects were divided into 2 groups: group A, with 14 patients who underwent genioplasty using osteotomy; and group B, with 19 patients who underwent genioplasty using Medpor. Patients chose one of the treatments themselves., Results: The mean relapse rate of the most prominent or anterior point on the chin in the midsagittal plane of patients who went underwent osteotomy was 18.59%, and the mean relapse rate of patients who went underwent genioplasty with Medpor was 14.56%., Conclusions: It was found that the amount of the movement at the time of surgery when checked after surgery did not change in patients who underwent genioplasty using Medpor compared with patients who underwent genioplasty using osteotomy., (Crown Copyright (c) 2010. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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32. Comparative study between resorbable and nonresorbable plates in orthognathic surgery.
- Author
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Ahn YS, Kim SG, Baik SM, Kim BO, Kim HK, Moon SY, Lim SH, Kim YK, Yun PY, and Son JS
- Subjects
- Absorbable Implants adverse effects, Female, Humans, Male, Mandible surgery, Open Bite etiology, Osteotomy, Le Fort instrumentation, Recurrence, Surgical Wound Infection etiology, Temporomandibular Joint Disorders etiology, Titanium adverse effects, Young Adult, Bone Plates adverse effects, Facial Asymmetry surgery, Jaw Fixation Techniques instrumentation, Orthognathic Surgical Procedures instrumentation, Orthognathic Surgical Procedures methods
- Abstract
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the clinical application of resorbable and nonresorbable plates for correction of facial asymmetry., Patients and Methods: A total of 272 patients who had undergone orthognathic surgery were enrolled. The site of osteotomy was fixed using a nonresorbable plate in group I (n = 152) and using a resorbable plate in group II (n = 120). The postoperative complications included postoperative anterior open bite, infection, temporomandibular joint dysfunction, and postoperative relapse. The incidence of all complications was examined., Results: The surgical outcome was successful in 269 patients (98.89%). Of the 152 patients with a titanium plate, 13 (8.6%) developed complications. Of the 120 patients with a resorbable plate, 22 (18.3%) developed complications. A greater degree of postoperative open bite and a trend toward relapse were observed in patients' cases in which an absorbable fixation plate was used. Postoperative infection occurred in patients with an absorbable fixation plate., Conclusion: On the basis of these data, we have concluded that an absorbable fixation plate should be used instead of a titanium fixation plate in indicated patients., (Crown Copyright 2010. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
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33. Nova-1 mediates glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of pre-mRNA splicing of gonadotropin-releasing hormone transcripts.
- Author
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Park E, Lee MS, Baik SM, Cho EB, Son GH, Seong JY, Lee KH, and Kim K
- Subjects
- Animals, Antigens, Neoplasm genetics, Base Sequence, Blotting, Northern, Blotting, Western, Cross-Linking Reagents, Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone metabolism, Introns, Male, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Molecular Sequence Data, NIH 3T3 Cells, Nerve Tissue Proteins genetics, Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen, Neurons drug effects, Neurons metabolism, RNA-Binding Proteins genetics, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Ultraviolet Rays, Antigens, Neoplasm metabolism, Dexamethasone pharmacology, Glucocorticoids pharmacology, Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone genetics, Nerve Tissue Proteins metabolism, RNA Precursors genetics, RNA Splicing, RNA, Messenger genetics, RNA-Binding Proteins metabolism
- Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) is known to affect the reproductive system by suppressing the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) gene expression in the hypothalamus. However, the mechanism of this effect is poorly understood. We show here that the GC-induced reduction of GnRH mRNA is due to attenuation of a post-transcriptional process i.e. splicing of intron A. Treatment of dexamethasone (DEX), a synthetic GC, lowered GnRH mRNA transcripts and was accompanied by reduced excision of the first intron (intron A) from the GnRH pre-mRNA both in vitro and in vivo. While seeking to identify the splicing factors involved in GC-inhibited GnRH pre-mRNA splicing, we found that DEX down-regulated neuro-oncological ventral antigen-1 (Nova-1) mRNA and protein and that knockdown of Nova-1 reduced intron A excision from GnRH pre-mRNA. Nova-1 overexpression reversed the DEX-induced reduction of intron A excision. Nova-1 appears to promote intron A excision by binding to the distal region of exon 1 of the GnRH pre-mRNA. Taken together, our findings indicate that the intron A excision by Nova-1 is a target of GC for down-regulation of GnRH gene expression, and more importantly, we characterized Nova-1, a brain-enriched splicing regulator responsible for GnRH pre-mRNA splicing. more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
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34. Adrenal peripheral clock controls the autonomous circadian rhythm of glucocorticoid by causing rhythmic steroid production.
- Author
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Son GH, Chung S, Choe HK, Kim HD, Baik SM, Lee H, Lee HW, Choi S, Sun W, Kim H, Cho S, Lee KH, and Kim K
- Subjects
- ARNTL Transcription Factors, Animals, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors genetics, Basic Helix-Loop-Helix Transcription Factors metabolism, Behavior, Animal physiology, Cell Cycle Proteins biosynthesis, Cell Cycle Proteins genetics, Cell Line, Eye Proteins biosynthesis, Eye Proteins genetics, Gene Knockdown Techniques, Glucocorticoids genetics, Male, Mice, Mice, Transgenic, Nuclear Proteins biosynthesis, Nuclear Proteins genetics, Period Circadian Proteins, Suprachiasmatic Nucleus metabolism, Transcription Factors biosynthesis, Transcription Factors genetics, Adrenal Glands metabolism, Circadian Rhythm physiology, Glucocorticoids biosynthesis, Hypothalamo-Hypophyseal System metabolism, Pituitary-Adrenal System metabolism
- Abstract
Glucocorticoid (GC) is an adrenal steroid with diverse physiological effects. It undergoes a robust daily oscillation, which has been thought to be driven by the master circadian clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis. However, we show that the adrenal gland has its own clock and that the peripheral clockwork is tightly linked to steroidogenesis by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein. Examination of mice with adrenal-specific knockdown of the canonical clock protein BMAL1 reveals that the adrenal clock machinery is required for circadian GC production. Furthermore, behavioral rhythmicity is drastically affected in these animals, together with altered expression of Period1, but not Period2, in several peripheral organs. We conclude that the adrenal peripheral clock plays an essential role in harmonizing the mammalian circadian timing system by generating a robust circadian GC rhythm. more...
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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