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The Kinship Scale was designed to measure the construct of pshycological kinship. A revised version of the scale was validated against several measures of intimacy and relatedness. Subjects were undergraduate psychology students (56 men, 144 women) who were administered test packets including the Revised Kinship Scale, the Rubin Love and Liking Scales, the Adolescent Parent Relations Scale (Attachment), and the Revised UCLA Loneliness Scale. The scales (except for Loneliness) were taken relative to two different cognitive sets, Closest Parent and Boyfriend or Girlfriend. As predicted, psychological kinship was positively correlated with attachment, love, and liking; however, sex differences complicated the picture. The prediction of a negative correlation between Kinship and Loneliness was not supported. Factor analysis yielded four factors, accounting for 51% of the total variance. The strongest factor ('family love') contained 10 of the 20 items on the Revised Kinship Scale and accounted for 37.7% of the variance. It correlated as highly with the external affiliative measures as did the revised scale, and so may be a good short form of the test.

The purpose of this research was to further study the breadth and depth dimensions of the WAIS similarities and vocabulary subscales by factor analyzing several measures of intelligence: a comprehension index, SAT scores, and grade point average (GPA). (Author/SJL)

Psychological kinship refers to valuing significant others as though they were members of one's own family. This construct has many implications for human relationships, including the client-therapist relationship (Bailey, 1988). A 60-item Kinship Scale was developed and administered to 63 undergraduates (93 females; 24 males), along with several other independent measures of sociality (Rubin Love and Liking scales; EPPS Affiliation, Nurturance, and Succorance scales; abbreviated UCLA Loneliness Scale) and the Spiritual Well-Being scales. Subjects took the Kinship, Love, and Liking scales under two cognitive sets, 'closest family member' and 'acquaintance,' while the other scales were taken in regular fashion. The Kinship, Love, and Liking scales were all sensitive to the cognitive sets and appropriately yielded higher mean values and higher correlations with the independent measures vis-a-vis the 'closest family member' as opposed to 'acquaintance.' Significant sex differences were noted, with stronger correlation patterns for males than females. Overall, the Kinship Scale performed very well and shows considerable promise for future research.

Mealey's excellent target article rests on several assumptions that may be questioned, including the overarching assumption that sociopathy reflects the failure of a small minority of males to cooperate with the larger group. I suggest that violent competition in ancestral bands - and not 'cheating' in the 'game' of cooperation - was the primary evolutionary precursor of sociopathy. Today's violent sociopath is far more a 'warrior hawk' than a failed cooperator.

Psychological kinship refers to valuing significant others as though they were members of one's own family. This construct has many implications for human relationships, including the client-therapist relationship (Bailey, 1988). A 60-item Kinship Scale was developed and administered to 63 undergraduates (39 females; 24 males), along with several other independent measures of sociality (Rubin Love and Liking scales; EPPS Affiliation, Nurturance, and Succorance scales; abbreviated UCLA Loneliness Scale) and the Spiritual Well-Being scales. Subjects took the Kinship, Love, and Liking scales under two cognitive sets, ‘closest family member’ and ‘acquaintance,’ while the other scales were taken in regular fashion. The Kinship, Love, and Liking scales were all sensitive to the cognitive sets and appropriately yielded higher mean values and higher correlations with the independent measures vis-á-vis the ‘closest family member’ as opposed to ‘acquaintance.’ Significant sex differences were noted, with stronger correlation patterns for males than females. Overall, the Kinship Scale performed very well and shows considerable promise for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Departures from standard administration of intelligence tests that raise scores are meaningless unless increased validity is achieved. One hundred and two Ss were administered the Similarities subtest and two predictor measures were derived : the Regular score, and the Extended score which represented the best of several answers given to a particular item. The criterion measures were three SAT scores, the GPA, and a Vocabulary test. Results showed that not only was the Extended score uniformly higher than the Regular score, it was far superior in predicting the various criteria. As such, the Extended score seems to qualify as a good measure of "potential intelligence." The superiority of the Extended score seemed mainly due to its effectiveness in extracting a greater number of maximum, 2-point answers from the Ss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Subjects were asked to list pleasures and aversions actually experienced, and pleasures and aversions based on their "innermost fantasies." A 7-point rating scale was developed to rate "primitive" and "advanced" elements in these pleasure-aversion responses. The "primitive" pole of the scale was keyed with the phrase "gut-level experiencing" and the "advanced" pole with "detached objective thinking." Reality Pleasure, Fantasy Pleasure, Reality Aversive, Fantasy Aversive, and Total scores were derived by having trained raters rate each subject's response with the 7-point rating scale. In Study 1, 25 females and 25 males provided pleasure-aversion responses and the data analyzed in a mixed 2 (male-female) x 2 (reality-fantasy) x 2 (pleasure-aversive) ANOVA. The most important finding was a highly significant reality-fantasy x pleasure-aversive interaction: subjects tended to "progress" (give more advanced responses) going from reality to fantasy in their pleasure responses, while exactly the opposite occurred with the aversive responses. Also, as predicted, reality aversive responses tended to be more "advanced" than reality pleasure responses. Study 2 was similar in design, but several additional personality measures were administered to assess the construct validity of the pleasure-aversion scores. As in Study l, the reality-fantasy x pleasure-aversive interaction was highly significant and again reflected a pattern of "progression" going from reality to fantasy for pleasure responses and "regression" for aversive responses. The correlation analysis also produced several interesting findings with sex serving as a major moderator variable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents information on the utility of Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS). This article determined the efficacy of profile analysis with a prison population (63 White, 63 Black) of the Petersburg Federal Correctional Institution. Almost since the onset of standardized intelligence testing, clinicians have attempted to use intelligence tests for far more clinical data than merely an individual's IQ. Specifically, writers have asserted that the pattern or scatter of intellective abilities shown on a test such as the Wechsler Scale may provide important data that are independent from and may be used in addition to the level of performance for diagnostic purposes.