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Methamphetamine (MA) use is becoming commonplace, and emergency physicians (EPs) are seeing patients with abuse-associated complications. Previous reports have described inhalational and intravenous routes. We present the second case of rectal MA abuse in the literature. Trans-rectal use is important for EPs to consider because ongoing absorption of massive quantities may be averted upon detection. Additionally, trans-rectal abuse risks anorectal trauma and vascular necrosis with colonic perforation.[WestJEM. 2009;10:58-60.]

The longevity of a single 22.4 Mg * [ha.sup.-1] application of dolomitic limestone at four northern hardwood stands was evaluated over 30 years (1986-2016) to determine whether changes in soils, foliage, and tree growth were sustained on the unglaciated Allegheny Plateau in northern Pennsylvania, USA. In limed plots, soils, sampled to 45-55 cm depth, and sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) and black cherry (Prunus serotina Ehrh.) foliage had significantly (P [less than or equal to] 0.05) greater concentrations of calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) through 2016 compared with samples from unlimed plots. Ca and Mg capitals (g * [m.sup.-2]) in the Oi through A horizons combined were greater on limed plots than unlimed plots, largely due to increases in the thickness and nutrient concentration in the A horizon. Over 30 years, sugar maple basal area increment ([cm.sup.2] * [year.sup.-1] BAINC) was greater in limed plots (30.6 [cm.sup.2] * [year.sup.-1] vs unlimed 13.3), American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) BAINC was unaffected by lime application, and black cherry BAINC was reduced in limed plots compared with unlimed plots. The sustained effect of this one-time lime treatment shows the strong role of efficient nutrient cycling in forests and suggests that the benefits over a substantial portion of a stand rotation may increase the feasibility of operational liming. Key words: forest liming, base cations, exchangeable calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg), percent carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), basal area increment, sugar maple, American beech, black cherry. La longevite d'une application unique de 22,4 Mg * [ha.sup.-1] de calcaire dolomitique dans quatre peuplements de feuillus nordiques situes dans la partie non glaciere du plateau des Alleghany dans le nord de la Pennsylvanie, aux Etats-Unis, a ete evaluee sur une periode de 30 ans (1986-2016) pour determiner si les changements dans le sol, le feuillage et la croissance des arbres ont persiste. Dans les parcelles qui avaient ete chaulees, les sols echantillonnes jusqu'a une profondeur de 45-55 cm, ainsi que le feuillage de l'erable a sucre (Acer saccharum Marsh.) et du cerisier tardif (Prunus serotina Ehrh.), avaient des concentrations de calcium (Ca) et de magnesium (Mg) significativement plus elevees (P [less than or equal to] 0,05) jusqu'en 2016 comparativement aux echantillons provenant de parcelles non chaulees. Les capitaux en Ca et Mg (g * [m.sup.-2]) dans les horizons Oi a A combines etaient plus eleves dans les parcelles chaulees que dans les parcelles non chaulees, surtout a cause de l'augmentation de l'epaisseur et de la concentration des nutriments dans l'horizon A. Sur 30 ans, l'accroissement de la surface terriere (AST [cm.sup.2] * [an.sup.-1]) de l'erable a sucre etait plus eleve dans les parcelles chaulees (30,6 contre 13,3 [cm.sup.2] * [an.sup.-1] dans les parelles non chaulees). L'application de chaux n'a pas eu d'effet sur l'AST du hetre d'Amerique (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) et a reduit l'AST du cerisier tardif dans les parcelles chaulees comparativement aux parcelles non chaulees. L'effet persistant de cette application unique de chaux illustre le role majeur du recyclage efficace des nutriments dans les forets et indique que les benefices qui perdurent pendant une partie importante de la periode de revolution d'un peuplement peuvent augmenter la faisabilite du chaulage operationnel. [Traduit par la Redaction] Mots-cles : chaulage en foret, cations basiques, calcium (Ca) et magnesium (Mg) echangeables, pourcentage de carbone (C) et d'azote (N), accroissement de la surface terriere, erable a sucre, hetre d'Amerique, cerisier tardif., Introduction Forest liming is used to alter soil acidity, counter effects of long-term acidic inputs, and improve the growth and health of trees (Long et al. 2011; Court et al. [...]

We explore the effects of lower thermospheric water vapor deposited by launch vehicle plumes on polar mesospheric cloud (PMC) frequencies at 80°N. We use July‐averaged PMC frequencies from 2007 to 2022 from the Cloud Imaging and Particle Size (CIPS) instrument on NASA's Aeronomy of Ice in the Mesosphere (AIM) satellite. Launch sites worldwide are typically located near northern mid‐latitudes. Using the orbital launch record for the same time period, we find that the number of launches correlates with PMC frequencies with a coefficient of r = 0.60, which increases to r = 0.75 when only selecting launches from 2.5 to 21.5 local time (LT), indicating a weak LT dependence on global‐scale transport to 80°N. To support our findings, we use meridional winds from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Imaging experiment on NASA's Ionospheric Connection Explorer satellite and winds from the Horizontal Wind Model climatology to interpret the northward motion of air parcels at 105 km. We find the launch LT window that maximizes the correlation coefficient to be consistent with the expected maximum northward motion from the diurnal variation of mid‐latitude meridional winds. Comparisons with Microwave Limb Sounder satellite observations of upper mesospheric temperature and water vapor reveal a strong dependence of cloud frequency on water vapor (r = 0.86) but not on temperature (r = −0.26), indicating that water vapor is the primary source of PMC variability for the bright PMCs at 80°N. We therefore find that launch vehicle plumes originating primarily from northern mid‐latitudes modulate PMC frequency at 80°N in July. Plain Language Summary: Formation of clouds in the mesosphere in the polar summer depends heavily on atmospheric water vapor. Main engine exhaust plumes from space shuttles and other launch vehicles contain many tons of water vapor which can be transported poleward at an altitude of ∼105 km. Over several days this water vapor descends to ∼80–85 km and aids in the formation of summertime polar mesospheric clouds (PMCs). This work shows how the number of launches per year correlates with the mean interannual PMC frequency averaged over July at 80°N latitude. The correlation maximizes for vehicles launched from 2.5 to 21.5 local time. To provide additional important evidence for the poleward transport of plumes launched at these local times, we use wind data to quantify the maximum northward motion of an exhaust plume over the diurnal cycle near 105 km altitude. We also use satellite temperature and water vapor data at PMC altitudes to show that bright PMCs vary more with the water vapor content than with the air temperature. We conclude that the total water vapor deposited by summertime space traffic worldwide modulates the PMC frequency at 80°N. Key Points: The correlation between orbital rocket launches and polar mesospheric clouds at 80°N in July from 2007 to 2022 is quantifiedMeridional wind, temperature, and water vapor data are used to support causal interpretation of the correlation coefficientsEvidence indicates that water vapor in space traffic exhaust plumes modulates frequencies of polar mesospheric clouds at 80°N [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organizations are not real; people are. Any science or theory of organizations must consider how the organization impinges, in a very real and tangible way, on the lives of its members. This article traces the development of one such theoretical branch of organizational science through the pioneering work of Thomas B. Greenfield. The author uses Greenfield's work as a lens to examine a personal transformation in belief and practice.

This study investigated the alignment between Texas superintendents' perceptions of the necessary professional characteristics of principals through the hiring process and the ELCC principal standards and the Texas principal certification standards. Texas superintendents were surveyed and interviewed to create a framework comparing their market-driven views with the standards guiding principal preparation. The study determined that superintendents often sought characteristics that lay just outside the domain of the formal standards, such as moral purpose, trustworthiness, and "fit." Incorporating the superintendents' views into principal preparation program planning has important implications for programs in terms of producing qualified, effective, marketable, and ultimately employable principal candidates.