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Totipotency is the ability of a single cell to give rise to all the differentiated cells that build the conceptus, yet how to capture this propertyin vitroremains incompletely understood. Defining totipotency relies upon a variety of assays of variable stringency. Here we describe criteria to define totipotency. We illustrate how distinct criteria of increasing stringency can be used to judge totipotency by evaluating candidate totipotent cell types in the mouse, including early blastomeres and expanded or extended pluripotent stem cells. Our data challenge the notion that expanded or extended pluripotent states harbor increased totipotent potential relative to conventional embryonic stem cells underin vivoconditions.

The main aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of ground water supplies of three areas Central, Al-Howban and Dabab in Yemen. Initially, we used ARC / Info geographic information systems (GIS) software to analyze the distribution of different pollutants in the study area. Secondly, The one way Anova was used in the analysis of the data To study the difference between three regions in content of different phisico-chemical parameters. The results shows that the all parameters analyses in the study samples such as Electrical Conductivity, TDS, chloride, Fluoride etc. were significantly higher in the Central and Al-Howban area and significantly lower in the Dabab area region and higher than the permissible limit according to WHO (Wold Health Organisation). High concentration of population, industrial, agricultural activity and runoff water that carries wastewater mainly in the Central and Al-Howban area are the main anthropogenic sources of water contamination. As a consequence, highly saline water may migrate down and contaminate groundwater in nearby wells. The exacerbations of the problems are the lack of proper treatment of city wastewater, a good drainage system around the wells, and there is no proper surrounding of the city's wells., REVUE DE L���ENTREPRENEURIAT ET DE L���INNOVATION, Vol. 1, No 4 (2017)

International audience; The neutron flux monitoring system of the French sodium-cooled fast reactor will rely on fission chambers that permit both reactivity control and power level monitoring from startup to full power. They are installed inside the reactor vessel, putting severe constraints on the detector design to ensure its dependability. In this paper, we present the Photonis high-temperature fission chambers (HTFC) featuring wide-range flux monitoring capability and justify their specifications with the use of simulation and experimental results. We show that the HTFC dependability is enhanced thanks to a robust physical design. In order to satisfy the requirement of wide-range capability, we propose to estimate the count rate of a HTFC using the third-order cumulant of its signal. The use of this cumulant can be seen as an extension of the so-called Campbelling mode, based on the variance, hence the name high order Campbelling method (HOC).

Introduction: Cancer of the pancreas is one of the most aggressive solid tumors often discovered at a locally advanced or metastatic. Adenocarcinoma is the most common histological type. The aim of our study was to analyze the profile of pancreatic cancer by the various imaging techniques. Materials and methods: Descriptive retrospective study over a period of 7 years including all patients who were followed for pancreatic cancer. The epidemiological data, clinical, morphological and treatment were collected, all the patients were hospitalized. The therapeutic decision was taken after a multidisciplinary meeting between the different specialists in the Department of Gastroenterology and liver diseases, medicine C, ibn sina hospital, Rabat, Morocco. Results: Over a period of 7 years, 67 patients were collected. These 37 men and 30 women with a sex ratio of 1.23. The average age was 60 years (26-93 ans). 37% of patient’s had a history of diabetes. Clinically 43% of patients had cholestatic jaundice, 28% had abdominal pain. Clinical examination revealed an abdominal mass in 23% of cases. Abdominal ultrasound showed dilatation of the biliary tract in 67% of cases, the abdominal scanner allowed the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer in 88% of cases. The tumor site was cephalic in 67% of cases, corporeal in 7% of cases and caudal in 25% of cases. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was reported in 11% of patients for suspected intra-ductal papillary mucinous neoplasms (IPMNs) or as a complement to the diagnosis. Echoendoscopy was performed in 11% of the patients as part of the locoregional extension. The average size of the tumor was 48 mm. CA19-9 was only dosed in 26 patients. It was positively positive in 65% of patients and normal in 35% of patients. Histologically, 83% had adenocarcinoma, 3% had lymphoma, 3% had neuroendocrine tumors, and 5% had degenerated IPMNs. Cancer was resectable in 9 patients (13%). The main operative contraindications were vascular and lymph node invasion in 6 patients (8%) and pulmonary or peritoneal liver metastases in 53 patients (80%). For patients with non-resectable cancer, palliative treatment was indicated either by surgical biliary drainage in 4% patients or by endoscopic insertion of biliary prosthesis in 14% of cases or by external biliary drainage in 4% of cases. Chemotherapy was indicated in 78% of patients. Therapeutic abstention was indicated in 10 patients. Conclusion: In our study 82% of pancreatic cancers were diagnosed in the metastatic stage and 10% in locally advanced stage. The only curative treatment currently exists is surgery that has been achieved only in 8% of our patients.