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Item does not contain fulltext, Hoe het staat met sociale cohesie wordt in Nederland vaak in verband gebracht met de diversiteit van de samenleving. Deze studie richt zich op een verduidelijking van de vele dimensies van diversiteit en sociale cohesie. Een helder gebruik van deze concepten is niet alleen nodig voor onderzoek, maar ook voor een vruchtbaar politiek en maatschappelijk debat over deze thema's. In het publieke debat zijn zowel diversiteit als sociale cohesie begrippen die regelmatig als wapens worden ingezet om politiek standpunten te verdedigen. Juist bij beladen onderwerpen is het zaak om precies en zuiver te zijn over wat men bedoelt en waar men voor staat, zodat meningsverschillen ook gaan over zaken waarover men het echt oneens is. Met de vijf adviezen die het rapport meegeeft voor de publieke discussie over diversiteit en sociale cohesie, willen wij bijdragen aan een beter gefundeerde discussie over dit thema.

Contains fulltext : 299835.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), BACKGROUND: Breast implant surgery is one of the most frequently performed procedures by plastic surgeons worldwide. However, the relationship between silicone leakage and the most common complication, capsular contracture, is far from understood. This study aimed to compare Baker grade I with Baker grade IV capsules regarding their silicone content in an intradonor setting, using two previously validated imaging techniques. METHODS: Twenty-two donor-matched capsules from 11 patients experiencing unilateral complaints were included after bilateral explantation surgery. All capsules were examined using both stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) imaging and staining with modified oil red O (MORO). Evaluation was done visually for qualitative and semiquantitative assessment and automated for quantitative analysis. RESULTS: Using both SRS and MORO techniques, silicone was found in more Baker grade IV capsules (eight of 11 and 11 of 11, respectively) than in Baker grade I capsules (three of 11 and five of 11, respectively). Baker grade IV capsules also showed significantly more silicone content compared with the Baker grade I capsules. This was true for semiquantitative assessment for both SRS and MORO techniques ( P = 0.019 and P = 0.006, respectively), whereas quantitative analysis proved to be significant for MORO alone ( P = 0.026 versus P = 0.248 for SRS, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In this study, a significant correlation between capsule silicone content and capsular contracture is shown. An extensive and continued foreign body response to silicone particles is likely to be responsible. Considering the widespread use of silicone breast implants, these results affect many women worldwide and warrant a more focused research effort. CLINICAL QUESTION/LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Risk, III.

Contains fulltext : 244770.pdf (Publisher’s version ) (Open Access), Renal function-based carboplatin dosing using measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR) results in more consistent drug exposure than anthropometric dosing. We aimed to validate the Newell dosing equation using estimated GFR (eGFR) and study which equation most accurately predicts carboplatin clearance in children with retinoblastoma. In 13 children with retinoblastoma 38 carboplatin clearance values were obtained from individual fits using MWPharm++. Carboplatin exposure (AUC) was calculated from administered dose and observed carboplatin clearance and compared to predicted AUC calculated with a carboplatin dosing equation (Newell) using different GFR estimates. Different dosing regimens were compared in terms of accuracy, bias and precision. All patients had normal eGFR. Carboplatin exposure using cystatin C-based eGFR equations tended to be more accurate compared to creatinine-based eGFR (30% accuracy 76.3-89.5% versus 76.3-78.9%, respectively), which led to significant overexposure, especially in younger (aged ≤ 2 years) children. Of all equations, the Schwartz cystatin C-based equation had the highest accuracy and lowest bias. Although anthropometric dosing performed comparably to many of the eGFR equations overall, we observed a weight-dependent change in bias leading to underdosing in the smallest patients. Using cystatin C-based eGFR equations for carboplatin dosing in children leads to more accurate carboplatin-exposure in patients with normal renal function compared to anthropometric dosing. In children with impaired kidney function, this trend might be more pronounced. Anthropometric dosing is hampered by a weight-dependent bias.

Item does not contain fulltext, Next-generation sequencing is radically changing how DNA diagnostic laboratories operate. What started as a single-gene profession is now developing into gene panel sequencing and whole-exome and whole-genome sequencing (WES/WGS) analyses. With further advances in sequencing technology and concomitant price reductions, WGS will soon become the standard and be routinely offered. Here, we focus on the critical steps involved in performing WGS, with a particular emphasis on points where WGS differs from WES, the important variables that should be taken into account, and the quality control measures that can be taken to monitor the process. The points discussed here, combined with recent publications on guidelines for reporting variants, will facilitate the routine implementation of WGS into a diagnostic setting.

Contains fulltext : 174738.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), Tremendous progress in genetics and genomics led to a wide range of healthcare providers, genetic tests, and more patients who can benefit from these developments. To guarantee and improve the quality of genetic testing, a unified European-based registration for individuals qualified in biomedicine was realized. Therefore a Europe-wide recognition of the profession 'European registered Clinical Laboratory Geneticist (ErCLG)' based on a syllabus of core competences was established which allows for harmonization in professional education. The 'European Board of Medical Genetics division - Clinical Laboratory Geneticist' provides now since 3 years the possibility to register as an ErCLG. Applicants may be from all European countries and since this year also from outside of Europe. Five subtitles reflect the exact specialty of each ErCLG, who can reregister every 5 years. A previously not possible statistics based on ~300 individuals from 19 countries as holders of an ErCLG title provides interesting insights into the professionals working in human genetics. It could be substantiated that there are around twice as many females than males and that a PhD title was achieved by 80% of registered ErCLGs. Also most ErCLGs are still trained as generalists (66%), followed by such ErCLGs with focus on molecular genetics (23%); the remaining are concentrated either on clinical (6%), tumor (4%) or biochemical genetics (1%). In conclusion, besides MDs and genetic counselors/nurses an EU-wide recognition system for Clinical Laboratory Geneticist has been established, which strengthens the status of specialists working in human genetic diagnostics in Europe and worldwide.

Contains fulltext : 167837.pdf (publisher's version ) (Open Access), We present, on behalf of EuroGentest and the European Society of Human Genetics, guidelines for the evaluation and validation of next-generation sequencing (NGS) applications for the diagnosis of genetic disorders. The work was performed by a group of laboratory geneticists and bioinformaticians, and discussed with clinical geneticists, industry and patients' representatives, and other stakeholders in the field of human genetics. The statements that were written during the elaboration of the guidelines are presented here. The background document and full guidelines are available as supplementary material. They include many examples to assist the laboratories in the implementation of NGS and accreditation of this service. The work and ideas presented by others in guidelines that have emerged elsewhere in the course of the past few years were also considered and are acknowledged in the full text. Interestingly, a few new insights that have not been cited before have emerged during the preparation of the guidelines. The most important new feature is the presentation of a 'rating system' for NGS-based diagnostic tests. The guidelines and statements have been applauded by the genetic diagnostic community, and thus seem to be valuable for the harmonization and quality assurance of NGS diagnostics in Europe.

Voedingsgerelateerde ziekten aan de ene kant, krakende verdienmodellen in de landbouw aan de andere kant en dat alles tegen de achtergrond van een groeiende maatschappelijke bewustwording van duurzaamheid en dierenwelzijn. Hoog tijd voor een Deltaplan Voedselbeleid, vinden Hans Dagevos en Erik de Bakker, ‘want landbouw en voeding hebben een belangrijke bijdrage te leveren aan de gezondheid van mensen en de duurzaamheid van de planeet’.

Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVES: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is considered a complex genetic autoimmune disease. We investigated the association of genetic variants previously implicated in JIA, autoimmunity and/or immunoregulation, with susceptibility to JIA. METHODS: A genetic association study was performed in 639 JIA patients and 1613 healthy controls of northwest European descent. Ninety-three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were genotyped in a candidate gene approach. Results of the entire JIA patient group (all subtypes) were compared with results obtained, alternatively, with a clinically homogeneous patient group including only oligoarticular and rheumatoid factor (RF) negative polyarticular JIA patients (n=493). Meta-analyses were performed for all SNPs that have been typed in other Caucasian JIA cohorts before. RESULTS: SNPs in or near PTPN22, VTCN1, the IL2-IL21 region, ANKRD55 and TNFA were confirmed to be associated with JIA (p<0.05), strengthening the evidence for involvement of these genes in JIA. In the majority of these replicated SNPs, effect sizes were larger when analysing a homogeneous patient cohort than when analysing all subtypes. We identified two novel associations with oligoarticular and RF-negative polyarticular JIA: CD226 rs763361 (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.12 to 1.51, p=0.0006) and CD28 rs1980422 (OR 1.29, 95% CI 1.07 to 1.55, p=0.008). Meta-analyses including reported studies confirmed the association of both SNPs with susceptibility to JIA (OR 1.16, p=0.001 and OR 1.18, p=0.001, for rs763361 and rs1980422, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: The CD226 gene has been identified as novel association with JIA, and a SNP near CD28 as a suggestive association. Both genes are probable candidate risk factors, since they are involved in costimulation of T cells.

Item does not contain fulltext, OBJECTIVE: With a shift towards noninvasive testing, we have explored and validated the use of noninvasive prenatal diagnosis (NIPD) for Huntington disease (HD). METHODS: Fifteen couples have been included, assessing a total of n = 20 pregnancies. Fetal paternally inherited CAG repeat length was determined in total cell-free DNA from maternal plasma using a direct approach by PCR and subsequent fragment analysis. RESULTS: All fetal HD (n = 7) and intermediate (n = 3) CAG repeats could be detected in maternal plasma. Detection of repeats in the normal range (n = 10) was successful in n = 5 cases where the paternal repeat size could be distinguished from maternal repeat patterns after fragment analysis. In all other cases (n = 5), the paternal peaks coincided with the maternal peak pattern. All NIPD results were concordant with results from routine diagnostics on fetal genomic DNA from chorionic villi. CONCLUSION: In this validation study, we demonstrated that all fetuses at risk for HD could be identified noninvasively in maternal plasma. Additionally, we have confirmed results from previously described case reports that NIPD for HD can be performed using a direct approach by PCR. For future diagnostics, parental CAG profiles can be used to predict the success rate for NIPD prior to testing. (c) 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Het Centre of Expertise Food uit verschillende kennisbehoeften in de projectaanvraag 2015 die is gedaan in het kader van kennisverspreiding BOonderzoek (DLO) - groen onderwijs (BOGO). Het onderstaande gaat in op een tweetal van deze kennisbehoeften. De eerste betreft de brede behoefte in het hoger onderwijs om de actualiteit van het WRR-rapport Naar een voedselbeleid in te bedden in lesmateriaal. Deel 1 focust op de visie op voedsel zoals die vanuit de WRR is gepresenteerd. De concentratie ligt op waar het de WRR om te doen is. De tweede betreft de kennisbehoefte op het gebied van sociaal ondernemen. Modern ondernemerschap, ook in het agrocomplex, vraagt behalve om aandacht voor de P van profit ook om de P’s van people en planet. Dit betekent dat niet alleen het eigen bedrijfsbelang belangrijk wordt gevonden, maar ook dat de belangen van de sociale en natuurlijke omgeving bij de bedrijfsvoering worden betrokken en erdoor gediend worden. De uitwerking die hieronder aan beide delen is gegeven, bedoelt een basis te leggen voor verdere afstemming met kennisvragers over hun behoeften en wensen betreffende verdere doorwerking ten behoeve van het onderwijs.

Poster met het resultaat van het project. Het doel van dit project is om Wageningse kennis op het gebied van stad- en consumptiesociologie beschikbaar te maken voor docenten en studenten in het groene onderwijs.

Deze beschouwing behandelt in vogelvlucht een aantal aspecten die samenhangen met de productie en consumptie van dierlijke eiwitten, met name vlees. De beschouwing begint met een mondiale blik, maar spitst zich verder vooral toe op Nederland.

Een grote groep consumenten wil best minder vlees eten, maar geen vegetariër worden. Deze vleesminderaars kunnen nog beter door campagnes en creatieve producten aangesproken worden.

Elke vijf jaar publiceert Planbureau voor de Leefomgeving een onderzoek naar het maatschappelijk draagvlak voor natuur en natuurbeleid in Nederland. In dit hoofdstuk is aandacht voor de verschuivingen in het draagvlak voor natuur(beleid) in de periode 1996-2006

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Powerpointpresentatie en docentenhandleiding over metropolitane eetculturen en etnisch ondernemerschap

Powerpointpresentatie met docentenhandleiding over steden, gezondheid en voeding.