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Copyright of Turkish Veterinary Journal is the property of Sivas Cumhuriyet University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Among the creatures we frequently encounter in nature, capturing our attention and becoming an integral part of our lives, animals undoubtedly stand out. Among these, the honeybee takes precedence with its life and biological processes filled with profound lessons. This research examines the honeybee's existence, characteristics, and its relationship with nature and humans, particularly within the context of the existence and unity of a creator. Our aim is to investigate the various systems and abilities of the honeybee and demonstrate that these phenomena can only be realized by a supreme being with a transcendent consciousness. It is crucial to examine behaviors that necessitate a higher consciousness in honeybees and similar creatures in relation to a creator. In this context, while establishing the epistemological framework of the study, primary sources such as the Quran, certain hadīths scientific studies, and classical and modern works on the proof of God's existence (Ithbāt al-Wājib) were consulted. The mentioned texts were systematically scanned through document analysis. The obtained data was evaluated within the framework of fundamental principles. This study is significant due to its detailed examination of a specific topic within the context of the proof of God's existence (Ithbāt al-Wājib), its utilization of modern data, and its contribution to the field of theology regarding the necessity of a creator for living systems in the biosphere. Scholars of Kalām and Islamic philosophers have engaged in struggles with denialist currents of their time. Since the emergence of modern sciences, materialist-atheist thought has often claimed to draw sustenance from natural phenomena, natural sciences, and scientific advancements while positioning itself against religion. Therefore, if atheistic currents primarily base their theses on natural phenomena in the universe, it is an inevitable necessity for the theologians of the age to develop different perspectives after thoroughly examining existence and natural phenomena, to present striking evidence pointing to a creator that cannot be attributed to coincidence. This study is valuable in meeting this need through extensive literature review, utilizing classical and modern proofs of God's existence (Ithbāt al-Wājib), and modern scientific data. In the context of the proof of God's existence (Ithbāt al-Wājib), the fact that the honeybee serves as evidence for God's existence, particularly through the fine-tuning of physical events and natural phenomena that have come to the fore in modern times and through the argument of design in living beings, as well as in the context of ecological, teleological, cosmological, and order-based evidence, is endeavored to be presented by utilizing relevant Quranic verses and modern data. As a result, it has been concluded that all biological systems and extraordinary phenomena requiring a high level of consciousness in honeybees can only be explained by the existence of a supreme creator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was conducted to investigate honeybee preferences for various micronutrients and their concentrations. throughout the summer of 2021 at the Plant Protection Research Institute, ARC, Giza, Egypt, specifically at the apiary of the Bee Research Department. Forager bees showed strong avoidance responses only to high mineral concentrations (2, 1, 0.5%, and 0.25%) for sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium chloride. On the other hand, Foragers bees recorded a high visitation number in low concentrations (0.1, 0.05, 0.025 %, and 0.0125%) for 4 minerals and tap water. The honeybee prefers dilute sodium chloride and its low concentrations (0.0125%), which recorded a higher visitation number among all mineral concentrations under the study. In contrast, the bees exhibited no discernible preferences for the calcium chloride solutions with a low visitation number of 0.1 and 0.05% compared with tap water. The visitation numbers are similar in magnesium and potassium at 0.05, 0.025, and 0.0125% but higher than tap water. The solution was consumed at a concentration of 0.0125 after 139 minutes, a concentration of 0.025 after 142.5 min., and a concentration of 0.05 after a time had passed 157.5 min. The preference factor for NaCl solution was recorded at a concentration of (0.0125) Thus, the bees' preference for this concentration is higher than their preference for tap water. The lowest preference factor (0.4) was recorded with a CaCl2 solution with a concentration of (0.1). low consumption ratios were recorded for 0.0125% potassium chloride (indicating a preference for the test solution), and higher consumption ratios were reported for 0.1% calcium chloride (indicating avoidance of the test solution). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the possibility of producing bee pollens harvested in certain periods from wild mustard (WM), rock rose (RR) and wild lavender (WL) fields, which are common in the region, as single plant bee pollen (BP) was evaluated and some chemical properties were determined in BP collected from these plants. In the research, 4 colonies each were moved to WM fields in Aydın-Efeler, and to the RR and WL fields in Gaffarlar village of Koçarlı district of Aydın province. In these colonies, the plant origins of the BP pellets taken from each group, separated according to their colors, were determined. Pellet weights, moisture contents, crude protein and total phenolic substance amounts were determined in the samples taken from WM, RR and WL BP pellets of defined plant origin. WM, RR and WL pollen pellet weights were 10,42±0,440 mg, 11,69±0,393 mg and 10,40±0,34 mg, respectively. In the same order as the moisture content were determined as 22,10±0,934%, 19,82±0,613%, 20,55±0,667%. In this study, the crude protein contents of WM, RR and WL bee pollen are; 20,5±0,47%; 13,8±2,51%; 16,5±0,95% also in the same order; total phenolic substance values were determined as 21,53±0,514 mg GAE/g, 16,12±0,539 mg GAE/g and 20,31±0,677 mg GAE/g. With this study, it was realized that the BP produced in WM and RR fields in the Aydın precinct can be considered as monofloral BP. The crude protein content and total phenolic substance content of RR bee pollen were found to be lower than the other two plants. It will be possible to establish standards with more comprehensive chemical analyzes on more WM and RR bee pollen samples collected from various locations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bees are one of the most important components of the ecosystem due to many factors. However, honey bees are under threat due to factors such as varroa parasite, climate change and insect infestation, which have increased recently. Therefore, the analysis of honey bees with advanced artificial intelligence techniques has been a very important research topic recently. In this study, an ensemble learning approach based on convolutional neural network architectures is presented for the classification of bee diseases. This model, called ConvMixer, VGG16 and ResNet101-based ensemble learning approach (CVR-TOY), is basically based on the combination of predictive scores of VGG16, ResNet101 and ConvMixer classifiers. In this way, the prediction outputs of VGG16, ResNet101 and ConvMixer structures developed with different approach techniques were effectively combined to increase honey bee disease classification performance. Two approaches were tried when combining the prediction scores. In the first approach, classification prediction is made by taking the highest value of the prediction outputs of the models. The second model is the averaging approach. It has been seen that the averaging approach produces the best results with the common sense model. In experimental studies, BI dataset, which contains images of bees affected by 6 different hive problems, was used. In this experimental study, an F1-score of 98.87% was obtained from the proposed model. In addition, the proposed model in the experimental study was compared with the latest technological models. As a result of the comparison, the F1-score of the proposed model showed 2.31% higher performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Animal Health, Production & Hygiene is the property of Animal Health, Production & Hygiene and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The review, investigates the vital parameters that influence the physical quality of queen bees. Focusing on factors like nutrition, environmental conditions, and breeding techniques, the study underscores the direct impact of these criteria on the overall health and productivity of honeybee colonies. It highlights the importance of selecting robust and genetically diverse queens to ensure improved colony performance and disease resistance. It aims to increase the viability and sustainability of honey bee populations in Türkiye by encouraging the adoption of high-quality queen bees in commercial enterprises. Through this study, beekeepers and stakeholders in the Turkish beekeeping industry gain crucial insights into the importance of adhering to physical quality standards in queen bee production. By implementing the recommended criteria, beekeepers can boost honey production, improve pollination services, and contribute to preserving the country's flora. Ultimately, these efforts will support the growth of Türkiye's robust and sustainable beekeeping sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bees are an indispensable element of the ecosystem, as they provide an important part of plant pollination beyond food production. The queen bee, which forms the core of the bee colony, is at the center of bee production in the beekeeping sector. Undoubtedly, the production of high-quality queen bees primarily depends on suitable drones and therefore, quality sperm. In addition, artificial insemination of queen bees is a successful production method, as in other species, due to its superior characteristics compared to natural mating. In many apiaries and research centers, artificial insemination is used routinely for queen production. One of the advantages of this method is that the sperm can be preserved for the short or long term. In this respect, it is very effective in protecting genetic resources, preventing bee diseases and facilitating bee transportation. Today, spermatological studies and parameters used in drones are very few compared to other species. With the increasing importance given to the subject in recent years, many spermatological parameters have started to be used in honey bees. However, the morphological and physiological differences of drone semen require the development and standardization of these parameters with further studies. In this review, the spermatological parameters used in drone semen, together with the working principles and materials used, were examined in general terms and presented to the readers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Erciyes Agriculture & Animal Science is the property of Erciyes Tarim ve Hayvan Bilimleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Academic Journal of Agriculture / Akademik Ziraat Dergisi is the property of University of Ordu, Faculty of Agriculture, Academic Journal of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this study, the number of beekeepers staying within the borders of Denizli province, which is one of the important accommodation centers of wandering beekeepers with its large thyme fields, and their accommodation places were determined and some information about thyme honey was obtained. Especially in Gözler, Uzunpınar, Belenardıç and Güzelpınar neighborhoods of Pamukkale district and Yağcılar neighborhoods of Güney district, thyme fields are dense and approximately 24 thousand bee hives stayed in 2021. Some physicochemical analyzes were carried out, for example, 9 honeys in 2021 and 6 honeys in 2022, which were collected in July when the Denizli thyme honey produced in these areas was harvested. First, pollen analysis was made in honey samples, and it was determined that it was thyme honey. Then, proline, diastase activity (DA), moisture, electrical conductivity (EC), pH, free acidity (FA), HMF, fructose (F), glucose (G), total phenolic content (TPC) was determined in 15 honey samples. Average amount of proline in thyme honey samples in 2021 and 2022, respectively; 663.5 and 708.9 mg/kg, DA 10.9 and 11.75; humidity rates 17.1% and 17.3%; EC 560 and 540 µS cm-1 ; pH 3.8 and 3.8; FA; 26.4 and 28.8 meq.kg-1 ; HMF, 9.5 and 12.4 mg/kg; F+G 69.6% and 69%; F/G was determined as 1.13 and 1.10, and the TPC was determined as 75.9 mg GAE/100g. In the future, it will be possible to reveal the descriptive features of Denizli thyme honey from other honeys by conducting more comprehensive and advanced analyzes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bees are a very important species in terms of economy, agriculture, and environment. In recent years, there has been a significant reduction in honey bee colonies in some parts of the world. Honeybee losses are not an unusual event, but there has been a significant reduction in honey bee colonies in many countries around the world. Due to the different social behaviors of honey bees, it is difficult to identify the main factors causing colony losses. According to the latest research, colony losses are mainly caused by parasites, diseases, bee keeping practices, and bee management including reproduction, changes in climatic conditions, agricultural practices and pesticide use, pesticides, nutrition, and beekeeping practices. In this review, the structure of prebiotic, probiotic, climate change, and vitollegen, which causes colony losses, is emphasized, and the potential solutions of these factors that will shed light on colony losses in honey bees from a different point of view are emphasized. In addition, bibliometric analysis was performed using the SCOPUS database to emphasize the importance of probiotic microorganisms and vitellogen.

Copyright of Anadolu Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Anadolu Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Ondokuz Mayis Universitesi, Ziraat Fakultesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A phenetic analysis of the honey bee population of the Toratau Geopark (Russia) was performed. Over 1,000 worker and drone bee samples were collected from 250 colonies in 59 apiaries on the territory of the Toratau Geopark (Gafuriysky, Ishimbaysky, Meleuzovsky, and Sterlitamaksky districts of the Republic of Bashkortostan). Six phenes in worker bees and four phenes in drone bees were recognized. The phenes E, 1R, 2R, and 3R in workers and Is, I, and O-gray in drones were predominant in the honey bee population of the Toratau Geopark, which were associated with subspecies of the Clineage. These phenes can be used as indicators of introgressive hybridization in the local dark European honey bee population. The phenes allow for quick evaluation of certain honey bee colonies hybridization states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Honey bees, Apis mellifera are highly beneficial insects that constitute both the livelihood of the producers and the food source of the consumers. However, there are some diseases that affect the yield of bees and cause the collapse of almost the entire colony. Most of these diseases are caused by microbial pathogens originating from viruses, bacteria, and fungi. Beekeeping is an important source of livelihood both in the center of Amasya and in almost all its districts. In this study, microbial pathogens that cause mass bee deaths and epidemics in Amasya province were determined using molecular methods. The results showed that the most common honey bee pathogens in Amasya are the Deformed wing virus, Chronic bee paralysis virus, and Aspergillus flavus fungus. Thus, the profile of bee diseases in Amasya province was determined for the first time with this study. In addition, this study guides other studies planned for the prevention of bee diseases and healthy beekeeping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to discover the characteristic chemical factors for determining the region of royal jelly using machine learning. 84 samples from 13 different regions of Turkey were used for the study, and the chemical parameters of moisture, pH, acidity, and 10-hydroxy-2-decanoic acid (10-HDA) were investigated. ANOVA test was conducted to determine whether there are differences between royal jelly from 13 locations concerning the four chemical values. In addition to the statistical tests, a machine learning model was used to find out what makes royal jelly different from each other. The descriptive statistics of the chemical analysis results of royal jelly showed the following values: moisture 63.05%±2.99, pH 3.67±0.08, acidity 45.32±3.55, and 10-HDA 2.40±0.24. Surprisingly, the machine learning model suggests that 10-HDA may be the most prominent parameter for determining the region of royal jelly. This information will help us identify royal jelly's authenticity more easily. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Agriculture & Nature / Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam Üniversitesi Tarım & Doğa Dergisi is the property of Kahramanmaras Sutcu Imam Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biosecurity measures in beekeeping (BMBs) include measures taken to prevent the spread of diseases by minimizing the movement of microorganisms and pests in the apiary, preventing diseases and pests in the environment from reaching the apiary or reducing their effects. Biosafety principles aim to prevent infectious factors from entering the apiaries and spreading by humans, bees, feed, and technological systems in order to prevent them from adversely affecting bee health or honey quality. Good beekeeping practices (GBP) prevent or minimize the entry of important bee diseases and pests into the apiary and the spread between colonies and apiaries. Prevents negative effects on bee health, honey safety, honey quality, and production efficiency. BMBs can be effective if GBPs are implemented. In this study, it is aimed to provide information about bee health, protection from bee diseases, preventing the spread of diseases and pests among other colonies and apiaries in the same apiary, biosecurity and good beekeeping practices necessary to obtain quality and reliable bee products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was carried out to determine different forms of the effectiveness of oxalic and formic acid applied against Varroa destructor parasite, which is seen as the main cause of colony losses and low yield in honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) worldwide. Formic acid was tested in two trial groups (FormicProTM; 70% liquid formic acid) and oxalic acid in six trial groups (Dribbling; Spray; Sublimation; Glycerine Shop towel; sunflower Oil Shop Towel; Ultrasonic Fogging). The control group was not exposed to the application during the study. According to the results, the highest effect against varroa was determined in the FormicProTM group (P<0.001). However, incubation activity of colonies almost completely ceases in formic acid groups. The rate of varroa infestation increased control group and the oxalic acid group treated with an ultrasonic fogging machine (P<0.001). In the autumn, it was concluded that not every application provided effective control against varroa at the location where the study was conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turkey is the second largest honey producer in the world. However, the beekeeping sector, especially the export of honey and honey products, is not supported by income compatible with this asset. The main reasons for this discrepancy are the presence of honey bee diseases (predators) and their residues in honey. Due to the observation of Aethina tumida (small hive beetle; SHB) in Europe (Italy) and Tropilealaps spp. Iran’s border regions close to Turkey, the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry of the Republic of Turkey has raised its alert level for these two notifiable diseases. Aethina tumida is a fruit insect originally from South Africa and it has later adapted to bee colonies. In the early 2000s, the agent came to North America with imported fruits and caused serious bee losses. SHB, which has spread to 12 countries so far, caused serious economic losses in the countries it entered and could not be eliminated. Tropilaelaps spp. is an ectoparasite that cannot survive for long without honey bee brood it feeds on and needs to survive. Tropilaelaps mite even suppresses Varroa when found in a colony and extinguishes the colony in a short time. It is a fact that these two pests may spread rapidly in Turkey due to the practice of migratory beekeeping and they can cause serious damage to our beekeeping. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Viruses are one of the most potential risk factors that negatively affect the different life stages of honey bees. This study was conducted to determine the presence of infections caused by the deformed wing virus (DWV), black queen cell virus (BQCV), and acute bee paralysis virus (ABPV) in honey bees in the beekeeping regions of Burdur, along with obtaining information about their prevalence in this particular region. In our study, the adult bees were taken from 31 different beehives and comb samples that had different honey bee breeds and were sampled randomly from 15 beekeeping areas within the region. The collected samples were analyzed using the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and the prevalence of DWV, BQCV, and ABPV infections were determined to be 74.19% (23/31), 25.81%, (8/31) and 74.19% (23/31), respectively. In this study, the distribution of positive samples and the rates of multiple infections were determined in the colonies. Of the positive honey bee samples, 12 (%38.71) were detected only for one virus, 9 (%29.03) were positive for two viruses (DWV-ABPV) and 8 (%25.81) were positive for all three viruses. In the present study, the presence of the three bee viruses that caused significant damage to the colonies by multiple infections in the Burdur region was determined with RT-PCR. To our knowledge, this is the first report of three mentioned bee infections in honey bees in the Burdur region. The revealed epidemiological conditions lead to the conclusion that serious measures are needed to control these infections in this region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In recent years, there have been unexplained colony losses around the world. Due to the decrease in honey bee colonies, many studies have been carried out to investigate potential causes. One of the main causes of losses is also insecticides. Insecticides used against harmful insects in agricultural fields affect not only harmful ones but also beneficial insects such as honey bees directly or indirectly. Honey bee losses are more common, especially where insecticides are used, and the immune systems of bees exposed to insecticides in these areas weaken; foraging behavior, the ability to smell and learn is impaired. In addition, it leaves residues in bee products such as honey, wax, pollen and bee bread. Effective and sustainable solutions are sought worldwide in order to cope with these losses that pose a major ecological threat. This review aims to reveal the current situation by examining the effects of insecticides on honey bee behavior and physiology.

Bee viruses are one of the most important agents that negatively affect colony health. It is known that viruses are generally associated with colony losses. LSV, one of the viruses that affect colony health, is an RNA virus that was first detected in honey bees in 2009 in the United States of America and has not yet been classified. Although its pathogenicity is not fully known yet, it is known to affect colony health. Varroa mites affect the health of the colony negatively by transmitting viruses to honey bees both biologically and mechanically. This study, it was aimed to molecularly detect the LSV genome by RT-PCR in Varroa mites, which play a vector role in the transmission of bee viruses to honey bees. LSV genome was positive in 12 of the Varroa mites collected from 26 different apiaries in İzmir (n = 6) and Muğla (n = 20). 50% of Varroa samples collected from Muğla province and 33.3% of samples collected from İzmir province were LSV positive. In conclusion, in this study, the LSV viral genome was detected for the first time in the country, and it tried to expand the knowledge about the diversity of viral diseases of honey bees in Turkey and Varroa mites, which play a biological or mechanical role in the transmission of viral diseases. Further studies are needed to determine the association of LSV with Varroa mites and the actual impact on honey bee populations in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The basic rule in honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) rearing is to work with qualified queens. Quality queen means strong and healthy colonies. Honey bee colonies are a social community, each managed by a single queen bee. The queen bee is the only female that produces eggs in the colony under normal conditions, and the quality and healthy queen is important for the continuity of the colony. Many factors affect the quality of the queen bee, such as the rearing colony, the age of the transferred larva and the transfer medium, the season, cell emergence weight, spermatheca charged, the characteristics of the starter and finisher hives. In this paper, the issues to be considered in raising a quality queen are emphasized.

Copyright of Harran Journal of Agricultural & Food Science is the property of Harran University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Research in beekeeping is carried out in the light of many branches of science, and biotechnology is one of them. While the changes in the climate affect the nutrition and food resources of the bees, the increase of diseases and pests in recent years and the resistance of both bees and parasites and pathogens against chemical pesticides has accelerated the orientation to biotechnological studies in beekeeping. Many studies are being carried out to develop resistant / efficient bee breeds to improve existing additives and to create new food resources. Especially adapting to the developments in the world is essential to sustainable beekeeping activities. This review aims to reveal the developments in this field and shed light on the studies in the near future by examining some biotechnological research conducted in the honey bee and beekeeping sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nosema ceranae as a fungal parasite has been reported from the Apis mellifera in all continents. It causes reduced longevity, depopulation, decreased production, and colony losses in honeybee colonies. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of N.ceranae in the apiaries of Mazandaran province. In this study, we randomly selected 320 hives from thirty-two apiaries and collected twenty old honeybees from the apiaries. The collected samples were examined by microscopy and molecular methods. The results of the microscopic examinations showed that 78.12% of apiaries were infected with Nosema spp. In addition, N. ceranae was identified 84.37% of apiaries by PCR, while no samples were infected by N. apis. Blast analysis of the sequenced samples confirmed the presence of N. ceranae infection in the apiaries. Based on the obtained results, a high frequency of N.ceranae was detected in apiaries in Mazandaran province. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of L-carnitine on honey bee (Apis mellifera) drone spermatozoon at post-thaw. Semen samples obtained from sexually mature drones were pooled. Then, pooled semen was diluted with different concentrations of L-carnitine (2.5 mM/5 mM/10 mM) and without L-carnitine (control) supplemented extenders. Motility, plasma membrane functional integrity, acrosomal integrity and mitochondrial function were negatively affected by the cryopreservation process but DNA integrity was not affected. Malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration was used for analyzing the membrane lipid peroxidation status and a better result was obtained in the LC5 group compared with the control group at post-thaw. L-carnitine groups had a positive effect on sperm motility, plasma membrane integrity, and mitochondrial function compared to the control group (P<0.05). Acrosomal integrity was better preserved in the LC5 group compared to the control group. The study shows that LC supplemented extenders have beneficial effects on honey bee drone sperm parameters. The results of the present study demonstrated the beneficial effect of using a 5 mMol LC supplemented extender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Probiotics provide health benefits to the host when not administered adequately. Probiotics regulate the intestinal flora, secrete hydrolytic enzymes against bacterial toxins, inactivate toxin receptors, regulate the immune system, reduce the virulence of pathogens, reduce negative metabolites, increase their metabolites, play a role in infections and inflammatory diseases and protection. Various species belonging to the Lactobacillus, Streptococcus, Lactococcus and Bifidobacterium genera are by far the most popular probiotic agents. Recent probiotics are being used for therapeutic and preventive purposes in both humans and animals. The latest news has started to be used quite frequently in the honey bee right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Günümüzde bal arılarında dil çıkartma (PER) ve iğne çıkartma (SER) refleksleri gözlemlenerek koşullu şartlandırma araştırmaları yapılmaktadır. Araştırmalar sonucu narkotik maddeler, patlayıcılar, hastalıklar ve manyetik alanlar gibi olguların tespitinde bal arılarının biyo-sensör olarak şartlandırılarak kullanılabileceği gösterilmiştir. Bal arıları ile yapılan koşullu şartlandırma çalışmalarında doygun atmosfer spreyi ve dokunma yöntemleri dil çıkartma refleksi (PER) tespitinde yoğun olarak kullanılmaktadır. Bal arılarının farklı ırk ve ekotipleri ile yapılan bu çalışmada; doygun atmosfer spreyi ile şartlandırma yöntemi için, şartlandırma kabini içerisindeki işçi arılara aromatik bitki özütü içeren 50 cc atmosferik koku; yaklaşık 3 saniye içerisinde 5 cm mesafeden baş hizasına enjekte edilerek tanıtılmış ve arkasından 1/1 şeker-su (w/w) karışımı şurup ile ödüllendirilmişlerdir. Dokunma ile şartlandırma denemesinde ise yağlı aromatik bitki özütüne daldırılan ahşap kürdan işçi arıların antenlerine dokundurularak arkasından 1/1 şeker-su (w/w) karışımı şurup ile ödüllendirilmişlerdir. 15 dakika ara ile üç kez tekrar edilerek koşullu şartlandırılan bal arılarının şartlanma sonrası hatırlama oranları dil çıkartma refleksi (PER) davranışı gözlemlenerek şartlanma gösterip göstermedikleri tespit edilmiştir. Araştırmada kullanılan bal arısı ırk ve ekotiplerinin her iki yöntemle de şartlandıkları gözlemlenmiştir. Bal arılarının koşullu şartlanma uygulaması sonrası hatırlamada; dokunma uygulamasının doygun atmosfer spreyi uygulamasına göre daha fazla şartlanma ve hatırlanma oranına sahip olduğu tespit edilmiştir.

Gezginci arıcılık; koloni verimliliğinin artırılmasında önemli bir uygulama olmakla birlikte son zamanlarda kolonilerin nakliyesinde için işçi bulmak önemli bir sorun haline gelmeye başlamıştır. Arı taşımacılığının genellikle iller arasında ve gece saatlerinde yapılması zorunluluğu, ayrıca arı sokması problemleri nedeniyle çalıştıracak eleman bulunamaması sorununu da beraberinde getirmiştir. Gezginci arıcılıkta taşımacılığın iller arasında yapılması yanında, kolonileri hem yüklerken hem de indirirken ayrı işçilik giderleri gerektirmesi de işletme giderlerini artıran bir diğer faktördür. Bunun sonucu olarak da arıların taşınmasında işçi bulmak hem güç olmakta hem de işçilik maliyetlerinin yüksek olması nedeniyle gezginci arıcılık ekonomik olmaktan uzaklaşmaktadır. Sürekli artan yakıt fiyatlarıyla birlikte nakliye giderlerinin de artması gezginci arıcılığı olumsuz etkileyen bir diğer olumsuzluktur. Arı yükleme ve indirmede yaşanan bu problemlerden dolayı bir arıcı konakladığı yerden memnun olmasa da kolonilerinin yerini hızlıca değiştirememekte ve sezonu verimsiz bir şekilde geçirmek zorunda kalmaktadır.

Honey bees play an important role in pollination in the natural ecosystem and agricultural field. Many biotic and abiotic stress factors such as pathogens (parasites, fungi, viruses and bacteria), ecosystem changes or losses, use of agricultural chemicals, alone or in combination, adversely affect the health and life of the bee colony. All these factors affect the immune system of the bees and change their defense mechanisms. Honey bees have a natural immune system consisting of physical barriers, generalized cellular and humoral immune response to protect themselves against infectious and parasitic agents. Pathogens, acaricides, fungicides, herbicides and other pesticides affect the bee immune system and hence bee health. Defense mechanisms of the bee immune system include signaling pathways, pathogen recognition receptors and innate immune system effectors. The risk of epidemic infection in honey bee colonies is reduced by individual and social immunity. Both types of immunity protect from diseases at various levels and play an important role in the formation of immune response against parasitic or other infectious diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In plant and animal production, sodium or potassium compounds which are soluble forms of humic substances are used. Sodium humates are used because of the sodium content which is important for animals in animal production. This study was carried out to investigate the effects of sodium humate added to sugar syrup in the development of adult honey bees, brood production and honey yield. Experimental colonies were randomly selected, and 5 study groups were formed with 6 colonies in each group. In the study, 4 different doses of sodium humate (5 cc, 10 cc, 20 cc, 50 cc/L and control 0 cc/L) were added to 1 liter 1:1 ratio of sucrose syrup and given to the experimental colonies. The highest brood production was obtained at a dose of 10 cc. In addition to, high dose (50 cc) negatively affected brood production. The average honey yield for the 5 cc, 10 cc, 20 cc, 50 cc and control groups was determined as 19.15±1.48, 26.35±1,83, 22.50±1.86, 8.75±1.29 and, 18.50±1.57 kg/colony, respectively. The highest honey yield was obtained from the group of 10 cc. For this group, the honey yield was 29.79% higher than the control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Erzincan University Journal of Science & Technology is the property of Erzincan Binali Yildirim Universitesi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Immobilization is required for the examination and manipulation of honey bees (Apis mellifera), and many techniques have been developed to render honey bees immobile until this date. Among them, two methods, which are carbon dioxide (CO2) and low-temperature narcosis, have been commonly used to induce anesthesia on the bees. Although CO2-induced anesthesia changes the behavior and physiology of honey bees, the anesthesia induced by cold is considered commonly as non-damaging for the bees. There are a very limited number of studies on the effects of different chilling protocols in honey bees. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of different chilling procedures on the survival rate and depth of anesthesia in honey bees. A total of 4 groups were formed, one of which was the control group. Three temperatures (+4°C, -20°C and -80°C) were applied to three different experimental groups. Furthermore, four different exposure times were implemented on each experimental group (n=20 worker bees in each trial). The depth of anesthesia was assessed and scored based on the movements and anesthesia recovery time in honeybees. There was a statistically significant relationship between duration and survival/death rate in the applications at +4°C, -20°C and -80°C (P<0.001). The method that was applied for 5 minutes at -20°C was the most ideal chilling method (P<0.03) and showed the lowest mortality in addition to the high depth of anesthesia. This study may assist in selecting the safest and deepest anesthesia method required in any study on honey bees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, 30 queen bees which were produced, and randomly collected between August-September 2018, were used from 6 enterprises that produce commercial queens in different cities (Ankara, Antalya, Konya, Mersin, Ordu) of Turkey. The live weight of the queens, spermatheca diameter, spermatheca volume, and the number of spermatozoa, were evaluated as quality criteria. As a result of the measurements, the mean values of 167.20 ± 3.68 mg, 1.015 ± 0.007 mm, 0.55±0.01mm? and 0.374±0.058 million/queen were determined, respectively. While there was a statistically significant difference in terms of number of spermatozoids (P<0.01), no difference was found in terms of other characteristics among the commercial businesses. A high quality queen bee is required to weigh 200 mg or more, 1.2 mm and or more of spermatheca diameter, 0.90 mm? and above for the volume of the spermatheca, and 5 million or more of spermatozoids stored in the spermatheca. It was determined that the quality in terms of live weight, spermatheca diameter, spermatheca volume and the amount of spermatozoid stored in the spermatheca of queen bees were much lower than the standard values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Mustafa Kemal University Journal of Agricultural Sciences / Mustafa Kemal Üniversitesi Tarım Bilimleri Dergisi is the property of Mustafa Kemal University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bu araştırma, ülkemizde tarımı yaygınlık kazanan yağlık kolza (Brassica napus L.,) bitkisinin Samsun İli koşullarında, çiçeklenme fenolojisi, çiçek sayısı, nektar ve polen potansiyelinin belirlenmesi amacıyla 2011 ve 2012 yıllarında yürütülmüştür. Araştırmanın birinci yılında (2011), kolza bitkisinin 44 gün süre ile çiçekte kaldığı, bitkide 2.694 adet/da çiçek bulunduğu, günlük toplam 1,89 kg/da nektar salgıladığı ve 1330 kg/da polen ürettiği belirlenmiştir. Araştırmanın ikinci yılında (2012), kolza bitkisinin 39 gün süre ile çiçekte kaldığı, bitkide 701 adet/da çiçek bulunduğu, günlük toplam 0,38 kg/da nektar salgıladığı ve 331,57 kg/da polen ürettiği ortaya konmuştur. Kolza bitkisinin Samsun koşullarında yapılan iki yıllık sonuçlarına göre ortalama 41,5 gün çiçekte kaldığı, günlük nektar üretiminin 0,23 mg/çiçek/gün, nektar kuru madde düzeyinin %20,25 ve polen üretiminin 0,48 mg/çiçek/gün olduğu saptanmıştır. Samsun İlinde kolza bitkisinin, erken ilkbahar döneminde, çevrede bulunan birçok bitkinin çiçeklenmesinden önce çiçeklendiği ve başta bal arıları (Apis mellifera L.) olmak üzere pek çok tozlayıcı böceğe, nektar ve polen sağladığı belirlenmiştir. Kolza bitkisinin arıcılık açısından ekiminin yaygınlaştırılarak erken ilkbahar döneminde, bal arıları ve diğer tozlayıcı böcekler açısından elverişli bir besin kaynağı olabileceği ortaya konmuştur.

Arı sokmaları, tüm böcek sokmaları içerisinde en sık olanıdır. Nörolojik etkilenme nadirdir. Ancak ensefalit, akut dissemine ensefalomiyelit, polinöropati ve ekstrapiramidal tutulum ortaya çıkabilmektedir. 79 yaşında erkek hasta sol hemiparezi ve dizartri yakınması ile başvurdu. 1 gün önce 10 tane bal arısı tarafından sokulduğu öğrenildi. Sol kol ve bacakta 4/5 kas gücü, ataksik yürüme ve dizartri bulunmaktaydı. Difüzyon ağırlıklı manyetik rezonans görüntülemede sağ ponsta akut iskemi ile uyumlu lezyon belirlendi. Asetilsalisilik asit 300 mg/gün vemetformin 1000 mg/gün başlandı. Arı sokması sonrası salgılanan kimyasal moleküller ile tromboza eğilim artmaktadır. Bu nedenle iskemik inme riski olan hastalar yakın takip edilmelidir. Gerekirse hastalar bu moleküllerin inaktivasyonunu sağlayan ilaçlar ile tedavi edilmelidir. Ancak hipotansiyon ve vazokonstriksiyon oluşturabilen antialerjik ilaçlar başlanmamalıdır

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Animal Production / Hayvansal Üretim is the property of Hayvansal Uretim (Journal of Animal Production) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Derim is the property of Bati Akdeniz Agricultural Research Institute and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The most important parasites of honeybees, Varroa spp., causes a rapid decrease in honey yield of colonies, weaken colony individuals, and causes bees to be more sensitive to other diseases in advanced stages of infection. To control this pest, many registrated chemical formulations are effective, but the intensive use of the same active substance can cause resistance to develop to these chemicals. The prophalatic use of these chemicals threatens the health of the bees as well as human health due to residue build-up in bee products. In recent years, research has focused on the use of botanical origin acaricides, because these are easily degraded and are considered to be natural substances that do not lead to chemical residue build-up in hives. In addition, there is less risk of pesticide resistance developing with the use of more natural alternatives. Some of the essential oil acids used for Varroa control are mainly thymol, oxalic acid, and thyme oil [(Thymus caucasicus) (Lamiaceae)], hyssop oil [(Hyssopus officinalis L.) (Lamiaceae)], lactic acid, caustic acid, clove oil [(Syzygium aromaticum L. (Myrtaceae)], eucalyptus oil [(Eucalyptus globulus) (Myrtaceae)] and mint [(Mentha piperita) (Lamiaceae)] extracts. Both extracts and mixtures of these have been used yielding successful results. In this review, we evolauate the effectiveness on Varroa control using synthetic chemicals and compare their control problems with alternative treatment methods. In addition, the possibilities of using botanical and organic substances to control Varroa mites as an alternative to improve honey bee health will also be discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]