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Copyright of Konuralp Medical Journal / Konuralp Tip Dergisi is the property of Duzce University Medical School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

To evaluate the effects of Caspase‐3 (CASP3) gene expression and serum levels on preventing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) infection. A total of 41 individuals (male: 21; female: 20) with SARS‐CoV‐2 infection were included in the current study. Hemograms were examined from patient blood samples, and CASP3 gene expression levels were detected. Also, human CASP3 levels were determined from the serum samples of patients. The mean age of patients was 56.220 ± 18.937 years. Significant differences were detected among all groups for CASP3 2−ΔΔCt (p = 0.014) and CASP3 concentration (p = 0.024). The relationship between CASP3 2−ΔΔCt levels and hemoglobin (p = 0.023), between CASP3 2−ΔΔCt levels and C‐reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.001), between CASP3 2−ΔΔCt levels and ferritin (p = 0.003), between CASP3 2−ΔΔCtlevels and lactate dehydrogenase (p = 0.001), and between CASP3 2−ΔΔCt levels and SpO2 (p = 0.006) were statistically significant. Also, the relationship between CASP3 concentration levels and SpO2 was statistically significant (p < 0.046). The CASP3 gene and/or its products have an important function to prevent injury caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection. They play crucial roles in maintaining cellular homeostasis and viability. Perhaps CASP3 levels may provide information about the severity of the disease. Highlights: Newly developed methods for pathogenesis; will guide the control of the epidemic in the future.The CASP3 gene and/or its products have an important function to prevent injury caused by SARS‐CoV‐2 infection.CASP3 gene can be a prognostic marker for the severity of COVID‐19 disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To guide both the hospital management and the health policymakers who play a role in the management process of their disease by analysing the costs of the patients receiving inpatient treatment in Düzce University Health Application and Research Center (Hospital - DUHARH) due to coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) from the perspective of the Social Security Institution (SSI). Methods: The study covers 582 patients who received inpatient treatment in intensive care and other clinics in March/2020-December/2020 due to COVID-19 disease in DUHARH. In the study, all sample unselected populations were included. Retrospectively obtained data were analysed using bottom-up, document analysis, and multivariate regression analysis. Results: It was determined that 60% of the 582 patients studied were male (350 people), 40% female (232 people) and that the average hospitalization period was 5.7 days, 23% (134 people) in the Pandemic Intensive Care Unit and 77% (448 people) in other pandemic services. The total amount invoiced to SSI by the hospital was 7.378.695,00 TRY ($ 1,052,595). It was determined that 79% of this was the intervention cost and the average daily hospitalization cost per patient was ± 2,099.80 TRY ($ 299.54). Besides, since gender discrimination is male, elderly patients are hospitalized in intensive care. The hospitalization period is P<0.05. It was observed that medicine, material, intervention, and examination costs have increased. Conclusions: In the study conducted, it was observed that the increase in men, age and hospitalization period, and treatment in intensive care increased the costs, and among these, the intervention costs were the highest. To reduce the cost of illness, it is necessary to use lower-cost factors to eliminate the disease rate with restrictions and ultimately to vaccinate the whole population as soon as possible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is not fully reversible disease that is characterized by progressive restricting airflow. Non‐invasive mechanical ventilation (NIMV) treatment can be used in COPD patients who had type 2 respiratory failure. This study aimed to determine the effect of BPAP S/T and AVAPS modes on intraocular pressure (IOP), central corneal thickness (CCT) in 40 type 2 respiratory failure patients with COPD. Methods: Forty patients with type 2 respiratory failure who were hospitalized between June and December 2018 with the diagnosis of COPD exacerbations were included to the study. Patients followed up without NIMV for 12 hours after the end of exacerbations treatments end. After IOP, visual acuity and CCT were measured in all patients at the same time (11.00 am), same NIMV treatment was applied to the patients for 4 hours (AVAPS‐BPAP S/T). Then the measurements were repeated. The effects of these NIMV modes on IOP were evaluated. Results: After NIMV treatment, it was observed that the mean IOP increased statistically significantly (13.3 vs 12.3 mm Hg; P = 0.001). After treatment with NIMV, there was a decrease for CCT close to statistical significance (P = 0.057) Conclusion: As a result; increased IOP and thinning of CCT after NIMV treatment has been shown. The type of NIMV and the level of inspiratory pressure needed in hypercapnic respiratory failure seem to affect IOP and it should be cautiously used to increase IOP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of natural gas for heating purposes causes less air pollution than solid fuels. Preventing air pollution decreases hospital admissions due to respiratory infections in children. The aim of the study is to examine the impact of using more clean fuel for heating purpose on hospital admissions with respiratory tract diseases in children. The records of 126.940 pediatric patients who were admitted to Düzce University Medical Faculty Pediatric Emergency Medicine outpatient clinic between 2014 and 2017 were reviewed. The records of children diagnosed with respiratory diseases (n: 46137) were examined. During the same period, air monitoring measurements of the national air quality network were recorded. Of the children, 55.5% were male and 45.5% were female. Most of the children were among the age group of 2-5 years (44%). Between 2014 and 2017, the mean PMlO was observed to decrease (2014: 114.4, 2017:79, p < 0.0001), rate of natural gas usage (2014:52.9%, 2017: 64.2%, p<0.0001) increased, rates of stove usage (2014:47%- 2017:35.7%, p<0.0001) decreased, annual mean air temperature values (2014:13.9-2017:16.7, p<0.0001) increased significantly. When all pediatric emergency admissions between 2014 and 2017 were examined, the number of those diagnosed with respiratory tract disease reduced while the number of general pediatric emergency admissions increased. The use of more clean fuels for heating purposes was observed to decrease the incidence of acute respiratory tract infections significantly in the preschool and school age group children. The use of clean fuel should be encouraged since preventing childhood infections would protect from the chronic lung diseases that may occur during adulthood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]