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In this study, we explored a complicated environmental conflict among four parties in Libya: the National Oil Corporation, Jakhira Municipality, the residents of Jakhira City, and the Farmer Association of Jakhira City regarding the operation of the As-Sarah oil field. Therefore, a negotiation model based on the four issues of air pollution, water quality and quantity, noise pollution, and sustainable development was developed to resolve the conflict and help in the development and operations of the oil field. The value of maximizing the product in the cooperative negotiation model was 139,500, and the contract options were 2 for air pollution, 2 for water quality and quantity, 3 for noise impact, and 1 for sustainable development and tax returns. FA, ROJ, JM, and NOC had contract values of 73, 68, 78, and 70, respectively. The value of maximizing the product in the cooperative model was improved to 643,125 by using the Nash solution. The contract options were as follows: 2 for air pollution, 1 for water quality and quantity, 1 for noise impact, and 3 for sustainable development and tax returns. FA, ROJ, JM, and NOC had contract values of 90, 90, 80, and 70, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bottom hole cleaning in wellbores is an important issue that has to be recognized when drilling an oil or gas well. This is due to special problems that have been occurring due to the removal of cuttings from high angle wells. The cuttings can settle and accumulate along the bottom of the hole, due to the gravitational pull, causing a number of problems, such as: mechanical sticking, slow drilling, excessive torque and drag on the drill string. Recently, there have been several developments regarding the slip velocity correlations and proper annular velocities in order to prevent the cuttings from slipping. The objective of this paper is to provide an overview of the impact that the various field-controllable parameters have on hole cleaning of directional wells. In this paper, a prototype is used to test the cutting transportation efficiency at different angles, using different drilling fluids and flow rates. A detailed comparison between the results was made in order to determine which properties are the most efficient in cleaning the directional well. After conducting the experiments, the results indicated that the 4% bentonite mud with 0.1% CMC has the highest hole cleaning efficiency when flow rate 2 (0.0211±0.0035 ft3/s) was being used, regardless of the wellbore inclination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper extends the analysis of our proposed modification to the first model of Libyan Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement ( LEPSA I) to field applications. Four decision-making models are coded in a spreadsheet program to estimate profitability indicators for two development scenarios. These scenarios are primary and secondary recovery methods with water injection and enhanced oil recovery by injecting carbon dioxide. The paper concludes that the economic profit for the foreign investor (second party) under LEPSA I was improved compared with EPSA IV. Also, Libya increased its oil reserves with a reasonable decrease of its production share. Moreover, the results showed that the profit indicators under the current production shares (cost recovery) of the fourth model of Exploration and Production Sharing Agreement ( EPSA IV) were not favourable to the second party. Because of that, the second party would not be motivated to make a decision to invest any money for an oil development projects in Libya. Finally, the paper investigates how EPSA IV should be redesigned to maximise the Libyan National Oil Corporation (first party) oil reserves and give more attention to the economic objectives of the second party. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]