831 results on '"Baltic region"'
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2. Climate Change Impact on the Populations of Goldcrest Regulus regulus and Firecrest Regulus ignicapilla Migrating Through the Southern Baltic Coast.
- Author
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Maciag, Tomasz and Remisiewicz, Magdalena
- Abstract
Climate change has a great impact on wildlife, which needs to be considered when designing conservation and management practices in habitats rich in biodiversity, such as wetlands and forests. Varied responses to climate change of species with different environmental preferences can be used to monitor different aspects of the environment. Since 2000, we have observed contrasting changes in the numbers of two related forest bird species, Goldcrest and Firecrest, monitored during autumn migration (14 August–1 November) over 1976–2024 by mist netting at 2 bird ringing stations on the Polish coast of the Baltic Sea. At both stations of the Operation Baltic project (Bukowo-Kopań and Mierzeja Wiślana), located ca 200 km apart, we observed a long-term decline in the number of Goldcrest since the 1980s but an increase in the number of Firecrest since the year 2000. These two species with ranges overlapping in Europe slightly differ in their preferences for breeding habitat and migration strategies. We found that in both species, the changes in migrating bird abundance in autumn at both stations were correlated with the Pan-European breeding population trends from the Pan-European Common Bird Monitoring Scheme (PECBMS) over 1982–2022. These correlations suggest that some Europe-wide factors underly these changes. Thus, we analyzed the effects of seven climate factors: the European Temperature Anomaly and the North Atlantic Oscillation Index in spring (March–April), summer (May–July) and autumn (October), and the Eurasian Snow Cover in October, on bird abundance indexes during breeding and autumn migration, using multiple regression models. Both species were more abundant during breeding and migration after warm springs, which conduce their early breeding and two broods per season, thus improving their breeding success. But with warm summers, Goldcrest were less abundant during breeding in Europe and on migration at Bukowo-Kopań. We attribute that pattern to Goldcrest's tendency to overwinter in Scandinavia after warm summers. We suggest that this strategy became an ecological trap, as the climate change in Europe involves the increase of summer temperatures by 2 °C over the last 42 years but also earlier snow in October, which impedes Goldcrest's feeding. These factors, combined with the decreasing proportion of coniferous forests in Scandinavia, which are Goldcrest's main breeding habitat, assumably caused the species' decline, which we expect to continue. Firecrest showed a weaker response to snow in October, but their autumn migration at both stations shifted earlier since the late 1980s, alleviating any effect of early winters. Warm spring and summers favor Firecrest abundance during breeding and migration. Firecrest also benefit from more broadleaf trees in Fennoscandia, thus we expect this species to expand its breeding range farther northeast and to continue the population increase. The change in forest management policy in Scandinavia by planting more broadleaf trees aims at increasing biodiversity and might considerably influence the forest environment. Thus, it is imperative to identify the methods suited for early detection of such changes. We showed that monitoring the numbers of migrating birds provides good indicators of the effects of short- and long-term environmental changes on bird populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2025
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3. 'Thinking Upon Paper': Lady Sarah Lyttelton’s Journey to the Baltic
- Author
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Marta Zonca
- Subjects
Lady Sarah Lyttleton ,travel writing ,women writers ,Baltic region ,Napoleonic wars ,Social history and conditions. Social problems. Social reform ,HN1-995 - Abstract
Lady Sarah Lyttelton, best‑known for her late roles as Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Victoria (1837‑1842) and Governess of the Royal Children (1843‑1850), is notable for having travelled to Sweden and Russia on her honeymoon in 1813, a period still beset by the conflicts and tensions caused by the Napoleonic Wars. Although her presence in the historical context of the Baltic has been largely neglected, her personal correspondence and travel diary, both of which were partially published by her niece Maud Mary Lyttelton Wyndham in 1912 as Correspondence of Sarah Spencer, Lady Lyttelton, 1787‑1870, offer a unique and interesting perspective on Anglo‑Swedish and Anglo‑Russian relations during this tumultuous period. By examining Lady Lyttelton’s journey and unpublished correspondence, I aim to reconstruct her narrative within the Baltic region and to grant her mostly overlooked written account recognition in the field of travel writing. Indeed, Lady Lyttelton’s remarks provide an insight into the political and social situation of the time. The very route of her honeymoon is telling. She and her husband travelled directly to Gothenburg, bypassing Denmark, Napoleon’s ally, recently defeated by Britain at the Battle of Lyngør (1812). The couple then crossed the Baltic Sea to Finland, recently annexed to Russia, now a safe destination after the latter’s changes of allegiance. After a wintry sojourn in St Petersburg, they made their way back by land, through the recently besieged and burned Riga (1812) and the weakened Prussian provinces. more...
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- 2024
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4. Каменный могильник Удосолово: результаты исследований.
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Михайлова, Е. Р. and Стасюк, И. В.
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CRUSHED stone ,IRON Age ,ARCHAEOLOGICAL excavations ,AGRICULTURE ,DEAD ,FENCES - Abstract
Copyright of Stratum Plus Journal is the property of P.P. Stratum plus and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2024
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5. Rusya Federasyonu’nun Ulusal Güvenliğinde Kaliningrad Meselesi.
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Elçibey, Elterişhan
- Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Eurasian Inquiries / Avrasya Incelemeleri Dergisi is the property of Journal of Eurasian Inquiries / Avrasya Incelemeleri Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2024
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6. Analysis of the Environmental Policy of the Non-Arctic States in the Polar Region: The Case of Baltic States
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Markushina, Natalia, Sboychakova, Anastasia, Khusainova, Sofia, Brilly, Mitja, Advisory Editor, Hoalst-Pullen, Nancy, Advisory Editor, Leitner, Michael, Advisory Editor, Patterson, Mark W., Advisory Editor, Veress, Márton, Advisory Editor, Bolgov, Radomir, editor, Atnashev, Vadim, editor, Duile, Timo, editor, Gladkiy, Yuriy, editor, Pogodin, Sergey, editor, Tsyb, Alexey, editor, and Znamenski, Andrei, editor more...
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- 2024
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7. Impact of the Ukraine War on Security in the Baltic Region
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Bava, Ummu Salma and Sarkar, Bhaswati, editor
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- 2024
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8. Staying with the Difficulty, Struggling for Connectivity.
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Bojarska, Katarzyna
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VISUAL culture ,DECOLONIZATION - Abstract
The author discusses curatorial research project Communicating Difficult Pasts 2018-2024 by Margaret Tali and Ieva Astahovska with specific focus on the final exhibition in Difficult Pasts. Connected Worlds at the Tallinn Art Hall, Lasnamäe Pavilion (August-October 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
9. Macroeconomic Influences on Baltic Housing Loan Flows.
- Author
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Stasiulionytė, Mija Aneta
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MACROECONOMICS ,MORTGAGE loans ,PRICE inflation ,UNEMPLOYMENT statistics ,DATA analysis - Abstract
This study investigates the impact of macroeconomic factors on housing loan flows in the Baltic region post-2008 housing bubble. Using stepwise regression, Lasso regression, and pooled regression, data is analyzed from Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania spanning 2014 to 2023. Results reveal the significant influence of borrowing costs, wages, unemployment, and inflation rates on loan flows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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10. Geopolitical regionalisation of the Baltic area: the essence and historical dynamics
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Kaledin N. V. and Elatskov A. B.
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political geography ,geopolitics ,geopolitical region ,geopolitical epochs ,baltic region ,regional boundaries ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
The article discusses a theoretical framework for investigating regionalisation and geopolitical regionalisation, employing the activity-geospatial approach. The main theoretical foci of this study are system-forming, or region-building, socio-geo-adaptation and geopolitical relations. The article examines various types of transboundary and transnational geopolitical regionalisation as manifestos of geopolitical relations. These types are categorised based on scale, functional area, historical and geographical characteristics, quality, legal status and geospatial features, placing particular emphasis on the Baltic region. An essential aspect of studying a region involves identifying and defining its spatial boundaries. Since determining the exact limits of the Baltic region remains problematic, this article examines various approaches to address this issue, highlighting their strengths and weaknesses, particularly in the context of geopolitical analysis. The concluding part of the article explores several centuries of the evolution of the Baltic Sea region, divided into historical geopolitical stages. It is highlighted that the geopolitical essence of the Baltic region was changing radically over time. Particular attention is paid to the current state of the Baltic regional geopolitical entity, which is classified as a conflict-ridden or confrontational geopolitical region in the ‘Eurasian arc of instability’ interpreted as a geopolitical macroregion. more...
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- 2024
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11. Health expenditures and health outcomes in Central Europe and the Baltic Region
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Shailender Singh, Amar Singh, Arvind Mohan, Megha Batola, and Nishant Kumar
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baltic region ,health expenditures ,health outcomes ,seemingly unrelated regression ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
In Central Europe and the Baltic region, healthcare expenditure has been growing slightly faster than across the euro area and in OECD countries. However, health outcomes as regards chronic diseases prove to be modest in the euro area and OECD countries compared to Central Europe and the Baltic region. Panel data analysis and country-specific regressions were conducted using World Bank data spanning from 2000 to 2019. Evidence suggests a significant correlation between private and current health expenditures and reduced mortality from chronic diseases in males, females and the total population across the panel, leading to improved longevity. Yet, public health expenditure does not correlate with a substantial reduction in mortality or a higher lifespan among the population, whether considered collectively or among males and females separately. Similarly, an increase in current health expenditure by one unit leads to significant reductions in mortality from non-communicable diseases: by 29 percent in the total population, 22 percent in females and 36 percent in males. Public health spending in Lithuania and Russia has been shown to decrease mortality from non-communicable diseases. Furthermore, chronic mortality is associated with a significant decline in labour productivity: by 42 percent in the total population, 40 percent in males and 45 percent in females. Therefore, interventions implemented through public health systems may reduce mortality from chronic conditions in the study countries. more...
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- 2024
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12. Three Russian Baltic regions in the context of confrontation between Russia and the West
- Author
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Zverev Yu. M.
- Subjects
baltic region ,russian federation ,eu ,nato ,st petersburg ,leningrad region ,kaliningrad region ,confrontation between russia and the west ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
This study examines the features, limitations and development prospects of three Russian territories bordering the Baltic Sea — St. Petersburg, and the Leningrad, and Kaliningrad region — amid the sharply heightened confrontation between Russia and the West, which has affected the Baltic region. The time frame spanning from 2014 to 2023 was chosen for the study. This period encompasses the sanctions imposed by Western countries and their associations, primarily the EU, in response to the return of Crimea and Sevastopol to Russia, and extends up to the present day, when the relations between Russia and the West, as many experts and politicians have emphasised, have reached a critical point and may require substantial changes in the global order, including at macro-regional levels, for a return to what was once considered ‘bbusiness as usual’. The study examines the development level and dynamics in the three regions, alongside their economic security. Another focus is on foreign policy and a geopolitical typology of the Baltic region states. The article investigates the impact of a changed geopolitical landscape on cross-border cooperation, the restructuring of foreign trade relations in Russia’s three Baltic regions, and the geopolitical and military factors influencing the development and security of these territories. Based on the findings, several suggestions are provided to promote the ongoing growth of Russia’s Baltic regions and enhance their economic and military security. more...
- Published
- 2023
13. The Accession of Finland and Sweden to NATO: Geopolitical implications for Russia’s position in the Baltic Sea region
- Author
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Smirnov P. Ye.
- Subjects
baltic region ,russia ,kaliningrad region ,nato ,armed forces ,naval activity ,nuclear weapons ,infrastructure ,blockade ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
The article examines Sweden’s and Finland’s motives for ending their long-time non-aligned policies and joining NATO after Russia had launched a special military operation in Ukraine in February 2022. The two countries’ decision is shown to be in the interest of the United States, which has always sought to fill the geopolitical vacuum reigning after the collapse of the opposing Soviet bloc and the Soviet Union itself. Finland and Sweden were the missing links for Washington and NATO in the Baltic region and Northern Europe as a whole. The study analyses the major consequences of these geopolitical changes for Russia in the Baltic region. These include the increasing disparity in armed forces with NATO, the substantial expansion of the border with the Alliance, the acquisition of new territorial and infrastructural capabilities by NATO to deploy reinforcements and military equipment from member countries to the region, the potential stationing of nuclear weapons on the territories of new member countries, the risk of blockading the Kaliningrad region, as well as the Gulf of Finland, and the Danish straits for Russian vessels. It is stressed that in the current circumstances, Russia needs to consider multiple scenarios in the Baltic region. On the one hand, it must safeguard its interests with minimal damage. On the other hand, it is crucial to steer clear of uncontrolled escalation of tensions with NATO, as it entails the risk of a military clash. more...
- Published
- 2023
14. A contribution to the aphid fauna (Homoptera: Aphidinea) of Kaliningrad Region, Russia
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A.V. Stekolshchikov, S.V. Buga, and A.R. Manukyan
- Subjects
homoptera ,aphidinea ,alien species ,baltic region ,new faunal records ,regional checklist ,Zoology ,QL1-991 - Abstract
The study of the aphid fauna in Kaliningrad Region (Russia) started in 60s of the 20th century, but a regional checklist has not been published yet. Based on material deposited in the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Belarusian State University and data scattered in various scientific publications, we compiled the first comprehensive list of aphids recorded from Kaliningrad Region. The list includes 61 genera, 110 species and two subspecies of which 30 species and one subspecies are recorded in the region for the first time. The recorded taxonomic diversity is lower than in the nearby countries – Poland, Lithuania and Latvia. At least 11 species (10% of the faunal list) are alien for the regional fauna. more...
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- 2023
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15. Nordic-Baltic Grassland Vegetation Database (NBGVD) – current state and future prospects.
- Author
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Skobel, Nadiia, Kozub, Łukasz, Dembicz, Iwona, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Chusova, Olha, Golub, Valentin, Helm, Aveliina, Iakushenko, Dmytro, Pawlikowski, Paweł, Zaniewski, Piotr, and Dengler, Jürgen more...
- Subjects
GRASSLAND management ,SPECIES ,STEPPES ,PLANTS ,MACROECOLOGY - Abstract
This Long Database Report describes the historical background and current contents of the Nordic-Baltic Grassland Vegetation Database (NBGVD) (GIVD -code EU-00-002). NBGVD is the EDGG -associated collaborative vegetation-plot database that collects vegetation-plot data of grasslands and other open habitats (except segetal and deep aquatic vegetation) from the Nordic-Baltic region excluding Germany, namely Belarus, Denmark, Estonia, Faroe Islands, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, Norway, N Poland, NW Russia, Svalbard and Jan Mayen, and Sweden. Target vegetation types are lowland grasslands and heathlands, arctic-alpine communities, coastal communities, non-forested mires and other wetlands, rocky, tall-herb and ruderal communities. As of March 2024, it included 12,694 relevés recorded between 1910 and 2023. These were mainly digitised from literature sources (84%), while the remainder comes from individual unpublished sources (16%). The data quality is high, with bryophytes and lichens being treated in more than 80% of all plots and measured environmental variables such as topography and soil characteristics often available in standardised form. A peculiarity of the Nordic-Baltic region are the relatively small plot sizes compared to other regions (median: 4 m
2 ). The available data stem from 35 vegetation classes, with Koelerio-Corynephoretea, Festuco-Brometea, Sedo-Scleranthetea, Molinio-Arrhenatheretea and Scheuchzerio-Caricetea being most frequent. We conclude that NBGVD provides valuable data, allowing interesting analyses at the regional scale and fills gaps in continental to global analyses. Still, since there are many more data around, we ask interested readers to contribute their own data or help find and digitise old data from the literature. Taxonomic reference : TURBOVEG species list "Europe". Syntaxonomic reference : Mucina et al. (2016). Abbreviations : EDGG = Eurasian Dry Grassland Group, EVA = European Vegetation Archive, GIVD = Global Index of Vegetation-Plot Databases, NBGVD = Nordic-Baltic Grassland Vegetation Database [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2024
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16. The first dietary stable isotope data from the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri Iron Age population (seventh–eleventh centuries CE) from Latvia.
- Author
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Pētersone-Gordina, Elīna, Gerhards, Guntis, Vilcāne, Antonija, Millard, Andrew, and Moore, Joanna
- Abstract
The main aim of this research was to study diet and possible social stratification in the Iron Age population of Čunkāni-Dreņģeri from Latvia through burial practice and dietary isotope analysis. This research also used previously published comparative dietary isotope data from archaeological populations in Latvia of various periods of time, not only Iron Age, to see if and how Iron Age populations were different. Carbon and nitrogen dietary isotope analysis showed that the diet for all groups and individuals (N = 29) at Čunkāni-Dreņģeri was largely homogenous, regardless of their gender, or social status as expressed by grave goods. Archaeological evidence for increased social stratification in this population occurs from the tenth–eleventh centuries CE, probably in response to changes in trade. Isotopically the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri population was different than the contemporary comparative population from Latvia, indicative of differential subsistence strategies. The mean δ15N value in the Čunkāni-Dreņģeri population was the lowest yet observed in Latvia, and the lowest among other archaeological populations from the wider region used in this study, which might be indicative of reliance on animal protein sources with lower δ15N values, or lower local δ15N baseline compared to other regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
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17. Efficiency analysis of seaports in Russia’s Baltic basin: performance evaluation
- Author
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Harald Kitzmann, Elena G. Tsyplakova, Galina I. Sinko, Anna V. Strimovskaya, and Kseniya A. Ryumkina
- Subjects
seaport ,baltic region ,efficiency ,performance indicators ,transport logistics ,sustainable development ,coastal zone ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
This research presents a comprehensive analysis of the performance efficiency of Russia’s Baltic seaports, taking into account various economic indicators and addressing investment planning and management issues. Special attention is given to the sustainable development goals and objectives of the seaports, considering their significance in transport and logistics systems. The primary objective of this work is to develop a system approach for conducting multi-criteria studies on seaport performance efficiency. The findings obtained through the proposed methodology consider criteria at different levels of seaport management, offering valuable practical implications. Notably, this study fills a gap in the literature as no previous work has provided a comprehensive methodology for studying and analyzing ports from the perspectives of management, logistics, and macroeconomics. The system approach can also incorporate environmental considerations and innovative solutions in port infrastructure management. By proposing a new approach to interpreting statistics on Baltic seaports’ performance and presenting empirical research on sustainable development in transport and logistics systems, this study enables a multidimensional examination of seaport performance and establishes a framework for efficiency analysis and evaluation, which is crucial for effective management. The methodological scheme and algorithm for analyzing different categories of managers further facilitate the practical application of the approach. Moreover, it can serve as a strategic tool for informing regional economic policies regarding logistics and transportation. more...
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- 2023
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18. An annotated checklist of Prioninae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Cerambycidae) of Lithuania
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Vytautas Tamutis, Romas Ferenca, and Vitalijus Bačianskas
- Subjects
Baltic region ,distribution ,longhorn beetles ,spe ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 - Abstract
We present the first annotated checklist of the subfamily Prioninae Latreille, 1802 (Coleoptera, Ceram-bycidae) in Lithuania. At least 140 published and unpublished records of Prioninae were analyzed and collected specimens were verified. As a result, one species, Aegosoma scabricorne (Scopoli, 1763), was found to be new for Lithuanian fauna and three species, Ergates faber (Linnaeus, 1761), Tragosoma depsarium (Linnaeus, 1767), and Prionus coriarius (Linnaeus, 1758), were confirmed in the country. The information on the local occurrence, natu-ral history, general distribution, and conservation status of these species is reviewed. more...
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- 2023
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19. France’s strategy in the Baltic region: military and political aspects
- Author
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Chikhachev A. Yu.
- Subjects
baltic region ,france ,nato ,enhanced forward presence ,militarization ,wider europe ,russia ,emmanuel macron ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
This article examines the current military-political strategy of France in the Baltic region. This area has not traditionally been among the main priorities of French diplomacy. However, under President Emmanuel Macron, France pays closer attention to the Baltic Sea due to the growing tension between Russia and the West. According to France’s key strategic documents, the government assesses the present-day situation mainly in a negative way, considering Russian actions as the main reason for the militarization of the region and expressing its readiness to show solidarity with NATO allies. On this basis, Paris is gradually increasing its military presence in the Baltic region, which now exceeds its contingents in the Middle East and the Sahel. For example, French forces still participate in the NATO air policing programme as well as in naval exercises, keeping the troops in Estonia within the Lynx mission. France’s further activity in the region includes enhanced cooperation with Sweden and Finland after they accede to NATO, an already planned increase in military contingent in the Baltic States in 2023, and the development of the European Political Community project. The author concludes that even if France’s presence in the Baltic does not yet pose a critical threat to Russian security, Paris’s policy is becoming more pro-Atlantic to the detriment of previous statements about ‘European sovereignty’ and dialogue with Russia. more...
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- 2023
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20. Central-peripheral Structuring in Maritime Transborder Regionalization (on the Example of the Baltic, the Caspian and the Black Sea Region)
- Author
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A. G. Druzhinin, D. A. Volkhin, N. V. Gontar, and А. А. Mikhaylova
- Subjects
maritime regions ,crossborder regionalization ,center-peripheral stratification ,innovations ,russia ,baltic region ,black sea region ,caspian region ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
The processes of cross-border regionalization (including within certain marine areas) are accompanied by further complication of the socio-economic space structure, the multi-velocity dynamics of its components, as well as the effects of polarization and concentration. This context significantly increases the theoretical and applied significance of the center-peripheral analysis, initiating a permanent adjustment of its tools, taking into account the specifics of the formation and functioning of the center-peripheral structures in the marine cross-border regions that outline the Russian border. The article focuses on the identification of the marine component of the center-peripheral stratification of spatial socio-economic dynamics, as well as the substantiation of specific factors, manifestations and effects of the center-periphery dichotomy in the marine cross-border regions of Russia. Priority attention is paid to identifying the common and specific features in the center-peripheral structuring of the Baltic region, the Caspian region, and the Black Sea region. A significant dependence of the center-peripheral architecture (and the place of the Russian coastal territories in it) on the maturity of the cross-border region, the degree of heterogeneity of its morphostructure, as well as the parameters of maritime activity has been established. An assessment is made of the impact on the center-peripheral positioning of innovation dynamics (including the development of the innovation economy sector, the diffusion of advanced production technologies, the digitalization of the economy and society, the generation of scientific knowledge, etc.), as well as geopolitical, ethnocultural and geohistorical determinants. It is shown that the incorporation of a particular coastal territory into cross-border relations objectively raises its status in the national center-periphery hierarchy, without eliminating problematic situations and risks associated with potentially possible (and multidimensionally manifested in the conditions of the Russian maritime border) peripherization. more...
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- 2023
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21. ECOTOURISM - A 21ST CENTURY NECESSITY OR RESPONDING TO CONSUMER DEMAND?
- Author
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Elena G. KROPINOVA, Aleksei Yu. ANOKHIN, and Tatiana K. PRIMAK
- Subjects
sustainable development ,ecotourism ,green tourism ,slow tourism ,protected natural area ,sparsely urbanized territory ,national park ,baltic region ,curonian spit ,Geography. Anthropology. Recreation ,Geography (General) ,G1-922 - Abstract
This article identifies ecological tourism as a type of tourism that is most fully in line with the principles of sustainable development being a global ecological and economic concept and corresponding to "slow tourism", as a form of behavior alternative to mainstream tourism. Particular attention is paid to the study of ecological tourism in protected natu ral areas in the forms as close as possible to "green" tourism. The scientific novelty of the work is aimed at studying the essential features and the following trends in the development of ecological tourism as a special type of recreational activity. The authors conducted a sociological study using questionnaires and focus group interviews. Tour guides providing services in a specially protected natural area were selected as the target sample. The study was carried out in the Curonian Spit National Park – a UNESCO site. The authors have studied and analyzed the individual motives and desires of tourists when visiting specially protected natural areas. The results of the study reveal the significance of various types of resources for ecologi cal tourism; the significance of the historical and cultural potential of the territory; the role of natural resources in creating a tourist product aimed at environmental education and awareness; technologies for excursion and educational activities with an ecocentric orientation. The authors demonstrate and propose possibilities and techniques for extrapolation of the principles of "slow tourism", including ones for visiting natural areas. The role of guides as conductors of "slow tourism" is indicated. more...
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- 2023
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22. Rendzinas of the Russian Northwest: Diversity, Genesis, and Ecosystem Functions: A Review.
- Author
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Abakumov, Evgeny
- Subjects
- *
LIMESTONE quarries & quarrying , *SOIL formation , *NATURE reserves , *ECOSYSTEM services , *TAIGAS , *ECOSYSTEMS , *ISLANDS , *HABITATS - Abstract
Rendzinas in the taiga zone are intrazonal soils; moreover, all of their processes occur in ways that are different from podzolic soil formation, which is typical for the zonal taiga boreal ecosystem. At the same time, the habitats of carbonate soils are known as places in which there is a concentration of biodiversity in the more southern regions, as they are drier, are insolated, and have a higher trophic state than zonal podzols. The biotopes on carbonate soils are becoming more southern and are dominated by nemoralis species of flora, including abundant calciphilous plant species. Carbonate soils regulate biogeochemical processes within their distribution and in the geochemically subordinate landscapes of Northwest Russia. They are associated with the existence of a number of specially protected natural areas, as well as the implementation of a number of important ecosystem services. Carbonate soils of the southern taiga are endangered and require special protection. The belt of the carbonate soils in the northwestern Russian and Baltic regions extends to Poland and is the basis for the formation of a special landscape–ecological framework with specific biodiverse, biogeochemical, and geographical characteristics. The intensive extraction of limestone from quarries leads to the destruction of rendzinas, which makes them increasingly rare and extremely vulnerable. The rate of recovery of rendzina soils after technogenic impacts is much slower than the regeneration of zonal podzols; therefore, they are an almost non-renewable resource. Thus, rendzinas are an important component of the Northwest Russian soil cover, where all factors of soil formation "refract" and acquire specificity, leading to radical changes not only in the soil-forming potential of the environment but in all of the components of terrestrial ecosystems. In other words, the island of alkaline rocks inherited from the ancient seas is currently pedogeochemically actualized in the soil cover of vast taiga areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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23. COMPETITIVENESS OF INTERMODAL TRANSPORT IN THE OPINION OF EXPERTS FROM THE BALTIC SEA REGION.
- Author
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Bonk, Damian
- Subjects
ECONOMIC competition ,CONTAINERIZATION ,CHOICE of transportation ,AUTOMOTIVE transportation - Abstract
The article presents the results of a survey conducted among experts in the field of transport research, from the Baltic Sea region, on the competitiveness of intermodal transport in relation to road transport. The study aimed to identify factors that positively and negatively influence the choice of intermodal transport as an alternative to road transport along the entire transport route. The available literature was reviewed, and attention was paid to the problem of differences in the perception of intermodal transport by experts from different countries. It was also indicated that, depending on the approach to this problem and the local point of view, significantly different results can be obtained regarding the factors influencing the choice of intermodal transport as an alternative to road transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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24. Provincial Administration and Local Nobility in Courland in the Middle of the 19th Century
- Author
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N. A. Mogilevskii
- Subjects
baltic region ,courland ,valuev ,alexander ii ,privileges ,ostseye nobility ,suvorov ,International relations ,JZ2-6530 - Abstract
In the article, on the example of the conflict of the Courland governor P.A. Valuev with the Baltic nobility, happened in 1857, the legal status of the Baltic nobility in the Russian Empire is considered. The main issue considered in the work is the problem of the relationship between the imperial center and the national outskirts in the middle of the 19th century, which, in turn, is closely related to the results of the Northern War (1700-1721), which ended for Russia with a victory over Sweden and the annexation of the former part of the Swedish kingdom Estonia and Livonia. The local aristocracy received guarantees from the highest Russian authorities to preserve all privileges, which put it in a slightly different position than the nobility of the inner Russian provinces. Under Catherine II, when Courland was incorporated into Russia, these privileges were extended to the Courland barons. In the XIX century, under Nicholas I and Alexander II, all the "rights and liberties" of the Baltic nobles were also invariably confirmed. As a result, there was a situation in which the German barons considered themselves bound by personal obligations personally with the Russian monarch. This situation, typical of medieval feudal Europe, ran counter to the Russian patrimonial socio-political model, which irritated the Russian elite. The special position of the Courland nobility eventually led to a clash with the governor P.A. Valuev, who, acting within the framework of general imperial legislation, tried to establish general imperial orders in the province. Governor-General of the Baltic Region A.A. Suvorov, Interior Minister S.S. Lanskoy and Emperor Alexander II himself were involved in the clash. And although Valuev's position ultimately triumphed, and his opponent, Baron Gan, was forced to leave the post of Courland leader of the nobility, in general, this did not change the situation in any way. The model of “center-outskirts” relations considered in the article allows a deeper analysis of the difficulties that the local administration in the Baltic region faced when trying to unify the local administration system with the general imperial one. The main conclusion of the article can be considered the thesis that the Russian central government, represented by the governor and the governor-general, did not dare to drastically break the existing management model, in which the local elite (nobility) had a significant impact on the situation in the region. Courland, along with other Baltic provinces, remained a special territory in the political and legal landscape of the Russian Empire. more...
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- 2022
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25. Problems in Threatened Species Conservation: Differences in National Red Lists Assessments with Global Standards.
- Author
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Brodsky, Andrei, Abakumov, Evgeny, and Kirillova, Iuliia
- Subjects
- *
ENDANGERED species , *WILDLIFE conservation , *BIOLOGICAL extinction , *BIODIVERSITY conservation , *INTERNATIONAL communication , *DATABASES - Abstract
The solution of transnational environmental problems in the field of the protection of threatened species and conservation biology directly depends on the level of international communication, which can significantly decrease due to differences in Red Lists and Red Data Books of different levels. In order to identify the similarities and differences in approaches to the assessment of national Red Lists and Books of the Baltic Sea region countries (Russia, Denmark, Germany, Lithuania, Finland, Poland and Sweden) with the IUCN Red List, a comparative analysis was carried out. It was determined that the level of discrepancy between Red Data Lists and Books varies considerably, with differences in the scales of species categories, species lists and categories. Most of the threatened species at the national level are not listed under the IUCN Red List, while species in a more stringent category at the national level prevail (37% and 3% on average, respectively). However, national Red Lists and Red Data Books do not take into account the global trend of the risk of extinction of species. The percentage of species with insufficient information to define a category at the national or global level ranges from 6% to 28%. These discrepancies make it difficult to exchange data on threatened species and create a unified database with information on protected species at different levels and, therefore, reduce the effectiveness of biodiversity conservation activities at regional and international levels. The results also demonstrate that countries have an international responsibility to conserve a species, and the cases identified can provide useful additional information to guide a national conservation strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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26. Geoeconomic risks faced by the Russian Baltic region amid a deteriorating geopolitical situation
- Author
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Stanislav S. Lachininskii
- Subjects
geoeconomic risks ,geopolitics ,geoeconomics ,baltic russian regions ,baltic region ,tensions in europe ,geopolitical risks ,instability ,geopolitical crisis ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
This article is a conceptual theoretical-empirical study of the geopolitical risks the Baltic Russian regions have faced amid the deteriorating geopolitical situation observed since 2014. The Baltic Russian regions are in a vulnerable position because of their geographical vicinity to EU countries, with which they share common borders, and the dramatically worsening military and political situation. To analyse geoeconomic risks, the author employed an earlier proposed methodology, which has been tested in Russia and abroad. Four types of geoeconomics risks are examined: spatial, economic, socio-demographic, national geopolitical and regional geopolitical. Overall, five levels of geopolitical risks can be distinguished. The contribution sets out to provide a conceptual picture of the geoeconomic risks which the Baltic Russian territories — St. Petersburg, the Republic of Karelia and the Leningrad, Kaliningrad, Novgorod, Pskov and Murmansk regions faced in 2014—2021 as the geopolitical situation changed for the worse in the wake of the Ukraine political crisis (2013 —2014). The objectives of the study included selecting economic, social and international trade indicators and analytics matching each type of the geoeconomic risks. To identify the geo-economic risks of the selected regions, three basic indicators are considered — population, GRP, foreign trade turnover, and changes in other indicators for 2014—2021 were tracked. Eighteen risks divided into four types were explored for the Baltic Russian regions. The geoeconomic risks were grouped into two categories: spatial/geopolitical and economic/socio-demographic. A preliminary assessment of the regional risks was obtained using a methodology proposed by the author. The risks in the spatial/geopolitical category are substantial for the Kaliningrad region, whilst the Pskov region and Karelia proved to be most susceptible to the economic/sociodemographic risks. more...
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- 2022
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27. Holocene hydroclimate variability reconstructed from Lake Pangodi sediments in Estonia.
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Eensalu, Mariliis, Stansell, Nathan D., Tõnisson, Hannes, Terasmaa, Jaanus, Vandel, Egert, Vaasma, Tiit, Klein, Eric S., Kuhle, Cameron R., and Nelson, Daniel B.
- Subjects
- *
GROUND penetrating radar , *LAKE sediments , *WATER depth , *RADIOACTIVE dating , *HOLOCENE Epoch - Abstract
Long-term hydroclimate variability recorded in lake sediments from Estonia provide information about environmental changes in northern Europe during the Holocene. Lake Pangodi is a semi-closed basin lake in southern Estonia with a large surface area to volume ratio, making it sensitive to effective moisture balance (precipitation minus evapotranspiration), which is recorded as changes in the lake level. Here we conducted a ground penetrating radar (GPR) survey, sedimentological analyses, radiometric dating and lake level modeling study to identify periods of lake-level high- and low-stands. The radiocarbon-dated sedimentary stratigraphic features on our radargram support the model results, suggesting that Lake Pangodi formed at ∼12.8 ka. The water levels were likely variable during the early Holocene, and the comparison of Lake Pangodi sediment facies and the lake level model show relatively stable lake water depth between ∼9.8 ka and ∼2.4 ka, and an increase towards modern. A notable reduction in lake levels occurred between ∼8.2 and ∼7.7 ka, likely due to a significantly reduced precipitation-evaporation balance. Our middle Holocene reconstruction suggests water column depths nearly 2.0 m lower than modern. This aligns with the results from studies conducted in the Baltic region, yet contrasts those from Scandinavia, suggesting different hydroclimate driving mechanisms during the Holocene variations in hydrogeological regimes. Our model detected the most abrupt rise of 1.7 m in water levels between ∼1.5 and ∼1.3 ka. This study highlights the need to develop proxies from single lake basins combining multiple methods for a better spatiotemporal resolution of paleo-hydrological changes. • Lake Pangodi sediment facies reveal centennial-scale fluctuations in water levels. • Reduced lake levels between 8.2 and 7.7 ka due to decreased precipitation. • Middle Holocene water levels in Lake Pangodi were nearly 2.0 m below modern. • Abrupt rise in water levels by 1.7 m detected between 1.5 and 1.3 ka. • Study highlights need for proxies and multiple methods for better paleo-hydrological resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2024
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28. THE USE AND TREATMENT OF FRESHWATER MUSSELS IN THE NORTHEASTERN EUROPEAN LOWLANDS AND THE EASTERN BALTICS.
- Author
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NESSEL, BIANKA
- Abstract
Copyright of Lietuvos Archeologija is the property of Lithuanian Institute of History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2023
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29. ECOTOURISM - A 21ST CENTURY NECESSITY OR RESPONDING TO CONSUMER DEMAND?
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KROPINOVA, Elena G., ANOKHIN, Aleksei Yu., and PRIMAK, Tatiana K.
- Subjects
ECOTOURISM ,CONSUMPTION (Economics) ,NATURE reserves ,TWENTY-first century ,HERITAGE tourism - Abstract
This article identifies ecological tourism as a type of tourism that is most fully in line with the principles of sustainable development being a global ecological and economic concept and corresponding to "slow tourism", as a form of behavior alternative to mainstream tourism. Particular attention is paid to the study of ecological tourism in protected natural areas in the forms as close as possible to "green" tourism. The scientific novelty of the work is aimed at studying the essential features and the following trends in the development of ecological tourism as a special type of recreational activity. The authors conducted a sociological study using questionnaires and focus group interviews. Tour guides providing services in a specially protected natural area were selected as the target sample. The study was carried out in the Curonian Spit National Park -- a UNESCO site. The authors have studied and analyzed the individual motives and desires of tourists when visiting specially protected natural areas. The results of the study reveal the significance of various types of resources for ecological tourism; the significance of the historical and cultural potential of the territory; the role of natural resources in creating a tourist product aimed at environmental education and awareness; technologies for excursion and educational activities with an ecocentric orientation. The authors demonstrate and propose possibilities and techniques for extrapolation of the principles of "slow tourism", including ones for visiting natural areas. The role of guides as conductors of "slow tourism" is indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2023
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30. THE ROLE OF SMALL STATES IN PROMOTING INTERNATIONAL SECURITY: LITHUANIA STRATEGY.
- Author
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MALUŽINAS, Martinas
- Subjects
INTERNATIONAL security ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,DIPLOMACY - Abstract
Copyright of Strategic Review / Przeglad Strategiczny is the property of Faculty of Political Science & Journalism, Adam Mickiewicz University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Modern Technologies in Tourism as a Tool to Increase International Tourism Attractiveness and Sustainable Development of the Kaliningrad Region
- Author
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Belova, Anna V., Belov, Nikolay, Gumeniuk, Ivan, Leal Filho, Walter, Series Editor, Krasnov, Eugene V., editor, and Gaeva, Dara V., editor
- Published
- 2021
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32. Russian Influence Campaigns Against NATO in the Baltic Region: Spread of Chaos and Divide et Impera
- Author
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Shuker, Pnina, Topor, Lev, Mölder, Holger, editor, Sazonov, Vladimir, editor, Chochia, Archil, editor, and Kerikmäe, Tanel, editor
- Published
- 2021
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33. The coasts we live in: can there be a single definition for a coastal zone?
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Andrey S. Mikhaylov and Angelina P. Plotnikova
- Subjects
coastal region ,coastal zone ,coastalisation ,baltic region ,coastal zone management ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
Throughout the history of humankind, people have settled along seashores. The gradual accumulation of population and industrial activity in coastal areas has created preconditions for coastalisation — the movement of people and socio-economic activity to marine coasts. To date, coastal areas have a higher rate of economic development, fostering migration and an influx of capital across the globe. Scholars and policymakers voice concerns about the asymmetry of regional development and the increasing anthropogenic impact on the coastal ecosystem. It reinforces the importance of coastal zone management. In this study, we use an example of the Baltic region to identify the coastalisation patterns in the Baltic region and answer the question, whether there can be a single definition of the coastal zone of the Baltic region. According to a broad definition, the Baltic macro-region is nearly all coastal and, consequently, all settlements are influenced by the coastalisation effect. We have studied urban population dynamics in 128 cities of 45 coastal regions through the lens of various characteristics of a coastal city — the distance from the sea (10, 50, 100, and 150 km), location in a coastal region (NUTS 2), availability of a port and its primary maritime activity (tankers, cargo, fishing, passenger, recreational vessels and others). The research results suggest that despite the strong coherence of the Baltic region countries, there should not be a single delimitation approach to defining the coastal zone. Overall, the most active marine economic processes occur in the zone up to 10 km from the seacoast and 30 km from ports and port infrastructure. However, in the case of Sweden, Poland, and Latvia, the coastal zone can be extended to 50 km, and in Germany — up to 150 km inland. more...
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- 2021
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34. Cooperation between Russia and Germany in the field of energy policy in the XX-XXI centuries
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Ekaterina Alekseevna Babintseva and Lyudmila Vasilievna Ponomarenko
- Subjects
russia ,germany ,environmental cooperation ,nord stream ,nord stream-2 ,“eco” orientation ,ecocentrism ,nature conservation ,baltic region ,kurgalsky reserve ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
The author devoted the paper to the peculiarities of bilateral cooperation between Russia and Germany in the field of maintaining a favourable environmental balance. The author notes that nature protection for a long time was not considered as a subject of interstate cooperation and did not fall into the focus of the agenda of important international summits. In connection with a number of historical reasons, at the beginning of the last century there was minimal state interest in organizing the protection of protected areas, conducting stabilization and supporting environmental measures, as well as ensuring the conservation and renewability of natural resources. The extensive path of economic development, the devastating military operations and the assessment of the natural environment as a resource basis for achieving primary state tasks contributed to the development of the global environmental crisis by the middle of the 20th century. The paper emphasizes that the starting point of international environmental cooperation and the adoption of a number of universal environmental acts were reports within the framework of the Club of Rome and further multilateral summits on climate and environmental issues dating back to the second half of the 20th century. The author assigns a special role within the framework of Russian-German environmental cooperation to the Nord Stream and Nord Stream-2 gas pipelines. The author emphasizes that cooperation within the framework of the projects took place in the context of the Western sanctions on Russia. Using energy projects as an example, the author showed in action the environmental relationship in the process of fuel and energy dialogue between partner countries. Based on an analysis of the results achieved, the author concludes that the future environmental cooperation between Russia and Germany is promising. more...
- Published
- 2021
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35. Evaluating the impact of integration processes on the ethnopolitical competition of languages in the Baltic Region
- Author
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Alexander N. Neverov, Anton Yu. Markelov, and Armen S. Airapetian
- Subjects
baltic region ,language market ,language integration ,language monopolization ,polylingualism ,competition between languages ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
In the literature, the impact of integration processes on language learning and usage is traditionally evaluated either through the prism of sociolinguistics or soft power. This article proposes a new conceptual approach based on measuring various aspects of competition between languages by the language integration and monopolization indices, on the one hand, and the polylingualism coefficient, on the other. The approach is applied to the situation in the Baltic Sea region of the EU. The article uses data from Eurostat, Eurobarometer, and the Baltic statistical offices to analyze the performance of Baltic language markets by assessing the impact of the EU integration on the use of languages in the region. The findings show a growing tendency towards polylingualism in countries participating in integration associations. Integration bodies, however, do not give one language precedence over others but encourage convergence of the languages of their leading economies. The main factor behind a language’s popularity is the strength of commodity and labor markets in the country where it is spoken. The authors conclude that close economic and political integration stimulates heterochronous processes in supranational associations. The first is increasing monopolization in the language market of the association and the language markets of its sub-regions. The second is the decrease in monopolization in national language markets. more...
- Published
- 2021
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36. Yiddish varieties in the Livonian contact area
- Author
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Anna Verschik
- Subjects
language contacts ,multilingualism ,Baltic region ,Yiddish ,keelekontaktid ,mitmekeelsus ,Philology. Linguistics ,P1-1091 ,Finnic. Baltic-Finnic ,PH91-98.5 - Abstract
The aim of this article is to discuss the Yiddish varieties of Courland and Estonia in the general context of the co-territorial languages: Baltic German, Latvian, Livonian, and Estonian. As a rule, discussion of Yiddish in the region is mostly based on the classical descriptions of the Yiddish varieties from the beginning of the 20th century. It is demonstrated that common features in phonology and lexicon of Courland (and Estonian) Yiddish and Baltic German are, in fact, regional and attested at least in varieties of Estonian but often in Latvian and Livonian as well. It is argued that due to the multilingualism of Jews in the region, a wider perspective of modern contact linguistics and multilingualism and analysis is needed. In the 20th century, multilingual speech was a norm at least among Estonian Jews, and, based on fieldwork data from the 1990s among multilingual Estonian Jews, there is no clear preference of insertional or alternational code-switching. However, if alternational code-switching is preferred in a community, it might explain the low number of conventionalised lexical borrowings (as is the case for Latvian borrowings in Yiddish). Kokkuvõte. Anna Verschik: Jidiši keelekujud liivi kontaktalal. Artikli eesmärk on kirjeldada Kuramaa ja Eesti jidiši keele variante naaberkeelte (s.o. baltisaksa, läti, liivi ja eesti keele) kontekstis. Reeglina põhineb kohalike jidiši keelekujude analüüs nn klassikalistel, 20. sajandi algusest pärit kirjeldustel. Artiklis näidatakse, et fonoloogilised ühisjooned Kuramaa ja Eesti jidišis ja baltisaksa keeles on tegelikult regionaalsed ning esinevad vähemalt eesti keeles, aga tihtilugu ka läti ja liivi keeles. Kuna tegu on mitmekeelsusega, oleks vaja laiemat, moodsa kontaktlingvistika põhist analüüsi. 20. sajandil oli vähemalt Eesti juutidele omane nn mitmekeelne kõne ning 1990ndatel kogutud välitööandmete põhjal saab väita, et ei ole kindlalt domineerivat koodivahetuse tüüpi (sisestav vs. vahelduv). Kuid siis, kui kogukonnas domineerib vahelduv koodivahetus, seletab see leksikaalsete laenude väikest arvu (nagu nt läti laenude puhul jidišis). Kubbõvõttõks. Anna Verschik. Jidiš kīelvīțõd līvõ kīel kontaktõd arāl. Kēra merk um kēraldõ Kurmō ja Ēstimō jidiš kīel variantidi kāimad kīeld (s.t. Baltijmōd saksā, lețkīel, līvõ ja ēsti kīel) kontekstõs. Kūožpēļizt jidiš kīelvīțõd analīz alīzõks ātõ n.n. irdizt 20. āigastsadā īrgandõks kēraldõkst. Kēra nägțõb, ku ītizt fonolōgij eņtšsuglitõd Kurmō ja Ēstimō jidišõs ja Baltijmōd saksā kīels āt regionālizt ja nǟdõb ka ēsti kīels, saggõld ka lețkīels ja līvõ kīels. 20. āigastsadās Ēstimō zīḑõdõn vȯļ ummi n.n. setmiņkēļi rõk, ja 1990. āigastis kūoŗdõd tieut pǟl vaņtlõs võib kītõ, ku kīels pūtõb ikšāinagi dominīeriji kōd vaidimiz tīp (sizzõlpandõb vs. mõitantiji). Sīegid siz, až kubgõns dominīerõb mõitantiji kōd vaidimi, se sēļțab piškīzt leksikālizt täpīņtõkst luggõ (nägț. lețkīel täpīņtõkst jidiš kīels). more...
- Published
- 2022
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37. Excerpts from History of the Chair of Ecclesiastic Law at Dorpat (Yuriev) University in Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries
- Author
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Aleksandra А. Dorskaia
- Subjects
ecclesiastic law ,Chair of Ecclesiastic Law ,the University of Dorpat (Yuriev) ,Baltic region ,Orthodoxy ,non-Orthodoxy ,Law in general. Comparative and uniform law. Jurisprudence ,K1-7720 - Abstract
The article defines the modalities of ecclesiastic law studies, the course that was introduced in 1835 at legal departments of Russian universities, including that of the University of Dorpat (Yuriev). The example of the Chair of Ecclesiastic Law showcases the special status of the University of Dorpat (Yuriev), which was not subject to university charters of 1804, 1835, 1863 and 1884. The major tracks of religious policy in the Baltic region and the real religious landscape that had an impact on education are studied in the context of the work of M. E. Krasnozhen, a professor at the Chair of Ecclesiastic Law. more...
- Published
- 2022
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38. Amber from the Excavations of Rodanovo Medieval Hillford in Perm Krai
- Author
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Sarapulov Alexey N., Krasnovskikh Marina P., Ivanov Petr A., Kamenshchikov Oleg Yu., and Podosenova Yulia A.
- Subjects
archaeology ,perm cis-urals ,rodanovo hillfort ,x–xiv centuries ,bronze casting and jewelry workshop ,amber ,physical and chemical research methods ,jewelry ,baltic region ,ancient russia ,volga bulgaria ,Archaeology ,CC1-960 - Abstract
The paper addresses the physical-chemical and historical-cultural study of the pieces of raw amber discovered in the cultural layer of a bronze casting and jewelry workshop of the 11th – early 12th centuries at Rodanovo hillfort. Such items were discovered in the territory of the Perm Cis-Urals for the first time. In order to resolve the issue of the place of origin of the amber, a study was conducted for its identification. Using the methods of synchronous thermal analysis, infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, microhardness analysis, and gas chromatography studies with a mass spectrometric detector, it was confirmed that amber is of Baltic origin. It was concluded that the finds could have come to the hillfort from the territories of ancient Russian cities or through Volga Bolgaria, and were used by local jewelers for processing as ornamental stones for jewelry inserts. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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39. Investment and Production Cooperation Between the Countries in the Baltic Region: Current State and Problems
- Author
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Chasovsky, Vladimir I., Bezaeva, Natalia S., Series Editor, Fedorov, Gennady, editor, Druzhinin, Alexander, editor, Golubeva, Elena, editor, Subetto, Dmitry, editor, and Palmowski, Tadeusz, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. On the Directions and Prospects of Cross-Border Cooperation Between Russia and the EU Countries in the Baltic Region
- Author
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Fedorov, Gennady M., Bezaeva, Natalia S., Series Editor, Fedorov, Gennady, editor, Druzhinin, Alexander, editor, Golubeva, Elena, editor, Subetto, Dmitry, editor, and Palmowski, Tadeusz, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Cross-Border Clustering Across the Baltic Region: Relating Smart Specialization and Cluster Categories
- Author
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Mikhaylov, Andrey S., Bezaeva, Natalia S., Series Editor, Fedorov, Gennady, editor, Druzhinin, Alexander, editor, Golubeva, Elena, editor, Subetto, Dmitry, editor, and Palmowski, Tadeusz, editor
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Global New Economy: Structure and Perspectives in Kaliningrad Region
- Author
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Aleynikova, Yulia, Leal Filho, Walter, Series Editor, Borges de Brito, Paulo R., editor, and Frankenberger, Fernanda, editor
- Published
- 2020
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43. New Insight into Genetic Structure and Diversity of Scots Pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) Populations in Lithuania Based on Nuclear, Chloroplast and Mitochondrial DNA Markers.
- Author
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Kavaliauskas, Darius, Danusevičius, Darius, and Baliuckas, Virgilijus
- Subjects
SCOTS pine ,MITOCHONDRIAL DNA ,CHLOROPLAST DNA ,GENETIC markers ,GENETIC variation ,FOREST biodiversity ,MICROSATELLITE repeats - Abstract
We studied the genetic differentiation, structure, and diversity of Scots pine populations in Lithuania based on nuclear, chloroplast microsatellite, and mitochondrial DNA markers. We focused on revealing evolutionary history, country-wide geneflow patterns, and structuring among the Scots pine populations. We genotyped 439 Scots pine individuals of mature age from 23 natural Scots pine stands in Lithuania and used the AMOVA and a set of genetic-clustering methods. The among-population differentiation was weak for nuclear microsatellite loci (nSSRs) (F
ST = 0.005) but much stronger for cpSSRs (PhiST = 0.240). The populations were structured into highland and lowland populations based on cpSSRs and eastern highland versus the rest for nSSRs. We detected two mtDNA mitotypes—the universal type A and northeastern type B, and the latter occurred at a markedly higher frequency in eastern Lithuania. Within-population genetic diversity was higher in large pine-dominated forest tracts in the eastern highlands than in fragmented forests in the western highlands. We concluded that phenology-based genetic networks following the temperature climate gradients have a strong effect on shaping the genetic structure of otherwise rather homogeneous gene pools of Scots pine populations in Lithuania. The possible effects of human interference with forests on genetic diversity of Scots pine populations in Lithuania are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. First report of abnormal amplexus cases in Anura (Amphibia) from Latvia.
- Author
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PUPINS, Mihails, TELNOV, Dmitry, MATROZIS, Ruslans, and ČEIRĀNS, Andris
- Subjects
AMPHIBIANS ,RANA temporaria ,FROGS ,ANURA ,RANIDAE ,BUFONIDAE ,SPECIES - Abstract
We present nine observations of abnormal amplexus in anurans, reported for the first time from Latvia. In total, nine types of abnormal amplexi are documented for four anuran species: Bombina bombina (Bombinatoridae), Bufo bufo (Bufonidae), Pelophylax lessonae and Rana temporaria (Ranidae). According to the one of our observations, abnormal amplexus resulted in the extirpation of a competing anuran species from a breeding pond for two seasons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
45. Cultural types and the perception of current environmental risks by local communities of the Baltic Sea region
- Author
-
Efim S. Fidrya
- Subjects
cultural approach ,local community ,environmental risk ,grid/group model ,baltic region ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
This work presents findings from research into the relationship between the structural organisation and cultural attitudes of local communities in the Baltic Sea region and the way they perceive environmental risks. The response of the Kaliningrad community to the development of a local potassium and magnesium salt mine is used as an illustration. The article deals with how local communities perceive the image of risks formed and reproduced via various communication channels. The structural context and the context of communication are taken into account. Another focus is on how this perception is affected by the type of community members’ cultural attitudes (according to Mary Douglas’s grid/group model). The space of categorical variables obtained through multiple correspondence analysis (MCA) aids in clustering the cases (respondents) as well as in testing theoretical assumptions for compliance with the findings. The communicative practices characteristic of all the clusters (classes of cases) are examined; the relationship between the structural organisation of groups, their cultural attitudes, their perception of environmental risks, and the performance of environmental agencies are explored. An evaluation of the comparative efficiency of different ways and means of risk communication with the identified groups is made. It is concluded that the proposed model is methodologically promising and there is a need for differentiated risk-communication strategies. more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Baltijos jūros kelias IX–XII a. Islandų sagų naratyvas.
- Author
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Mickevičius, Arturas
- Subjects
- *
SEASHORE , *SAILING , *OCEAN travel , *VIKINGS - Abstract
In the Viking Age, the Baltic Sea, which had previously been closed and separated its eastern part from Europe, became a connecting sea. The article draws attention to the narrative tradition of Icelandic sagas, presenting sailing and voyages in the Baltic Sea. In Nordic narrative sources, the focus on the Baltic Sea is seen almost exclusively in the context of the road to the East, and the Baltic Sea itself is perceived as the East Sea – Eystrasalt, Austrmare, and so on. At this stage of the road to the East, not only the strategic interests of Denmark become apparent, but also the activities of the Vends, Curonians and Estonians located on the south-eastern and eastern shores of the Baltic Sea. The article does not focus on the recording of specific episodes of this activity but on the general tradition of actions of this path and its participants formed by the Nordic narrative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. A Late Holocene Stable Isotope and Carbon Accumulation Record from Teringi Bog in Southern Estonia.
- Author
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Stansell, Nathan D., Klein, Eric S., Hill, Kristyn, Terasmaa, Jaanus, Dodd, Justin, Boes, Maxwell, Eensalu, Mariliis, Fortney, Carolyn, Fritts, Annabella, Garcia, Roxana, Price, Brittany, and Swanson, Brandy more...
- Subjects
STABLE isotopes ,CARBON isotopes ,BOGS ,HOLOCENE Epoch ,WATER table ,WATER temperature ,PEATLAND restoration - Abstract
Radiocarbon-dated peat cores collected from an ombrotrophic bog in southern Estonia record shifting environmental conditions and carbon accumulation rates in northern Europe during the late Holocene. Modern observations indicate that the water balance of the peatland is highly influenced by changes in relative humidity, followed by temperature and precipitation. The modern δ
18 O and δ2 H values of surface water suggest that the groundwater is an integration of several months of precipitation. There also appears to be little or no direct influence of surface evaporation on the water within the bog, suggesting that water loss is preferentially through transpiration and sub-surface flow. Bulk peat δ13 C values exhibit a trend of higher values through the late Holocene, suggesting a pattern of overall increased surface wetness. The δ15 N values were low from ~4130 to 3645 cal yr BP, suggesting drier conditions, followed by intermediate values until ~2995 cal yr BP. The δ15 N values decrease again from ~2995 to 2470 cal yr BP, suggesting a return to drier conditions, followed by intermediate values until ~955 cal yr BP. The δ15 N values were high, suggesting wetter conditions from ~955 to 250 cal yr BP, followed by intermediate values through the modern. Carbon accumulation rates were low to intermediate from ~4200 to 2470 cal yr BP, followed by intermediate-to-high values until ~1645 cal yr BP. Carbon accumulation rates were then low until ~585 cal yr BP, followed by intermediate values through the modern. The geochemical data, combined with observed changes in peat composition and regional proxies of temperature and water table fluctuations through the late Holocene, suggest that carbon accumulation rates were relatively low under dry and warm conditions, whereas accumulation was generally higher (up to ~80 g C m−2 yr−1 ) when the climate was wetter and/or colder. These findings further suggest that future environmental changes affecting the regional water balance and temperature will impact the potential for northern peatlands to capture and store carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
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48. Transnational tourist destination management: a case study of the Baltic sea region
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Studzieniecki T., Jakubowski A., and Meyer B.
- Subjects
transnational tourist destination ,tourist destination management ,international cooperation ,baltic sea region ,baltic region ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
The issue of tourist destination management has been widely reflected in scientific literature. However, transnational destinations, i.e. those that are located on the territory of several countries, have not been given enough attention. The development of transnational destinations can occur provided there is close cooperation among key stakeholders. In the Baltic Sea Region (BSR) conditions for effective cooperation were created at the end of the 20th century when integration processes intensified. Currently, the BSR is the first macro-region of the European Union to implement a transnational strategy, in which tourism is recognised as a development priority. Creating an effective tourist destination management system has become a key challenge in this process. This article aims to identify and critically analyse the concept of transnational tourist destination management. Another goal is to identify the changing determinants of tourism management in the BSR and to explore relations between key stakeholders. To this end, we conducted a review of literature on destination management. We carried out a critical analysis of secondary sources (documents, information materials, the Internet resources) and supplemented the review with our insights from participatory observation. We also obtained additional information from interviews. Three models of destination management were identified: marketing-oriented, planning-oriented, and governance-oriented. Our research shows that the evolution of destination management is characterised by a gradual increase in the participation of public entities. This is related to the marginalisation of the tourism industry, which resulted in a systematic decrease in state funding for maintaining destination management structures. Acquiring the European Union funds from the European Territorial Cooperation Programs has become a partial but not entirely effective solution to this problem. more...
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- 2020
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49. Assessing competitiveness of the Baltic states in tourism
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Sarancha M.A.
- Subjects
baltic region ,state ,methods ,tourism ,tourism competitiveness ,Regional economics. Space in economics ,HT388 - Abstract
Tourism competitiveness is a basic requirement for a country’s presence in the international tourism market. A comprehensive and systematic assessment of tourism competitiveness and comparisons with other states make it possible to identify its structure, strengths and weaknesses. Assessing competitiveness is a live issue in the Baltic region, where tourism is an important part of the economy and a factor in improving living standards. This study advances the hypothesis that the methodology developed by the author will aid in assessing the tourism competitiveness of the Baltic region states. The research aims to assess the competitiveness of the Baltic tourism industries. It reviews methodologies for assessing the competitiveness of tourism industries and presents an original nine-step methodology for comprehensive assessment thereof. The aggregate index comprises four sub-indices (conditions, infrastructure, accessibility, and attractiveness), 22 components, and over 100 indicators. The calculations use a wide range of data sources. The results are displayed in charts and graphs. The Baltic region states are seen to have a high (Germany) or relatively high level of competitiveness. All the countries perform well on tourism infrastructure development and conditions for doing business in tourism. The Baltic reign states rank differently on the affordability of tourism. Germany is the regional leader in terms of attractiveness, followed by the Russian Federation, Poland, Norway, and Sweden. The analysis showed that Russia lagged behind its competitors in travel formalities, the climate for small and medium businesses, and travel safety; infrastructure, statistical monitoring, and promotion required attention as well. In the conclusion, the proposed methodology and the results of its testing are analysed. more...
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- 2020
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50. Economic Relations between the Leningrad Region and Sweden at the Beginning of XXI Century: Challenges and Perspectives
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I. N. Novikova and D. I. Popov
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northwestern federal district ,baltic region ,foreign economic activity of the regions ,sanctions regime ,twin cities ,the hanseatic league ,Political institutions and public administration (General) ,JF20-2112 - Abstract
The North-West of Russia has close ties with the countries of the Baltic region for many years. This article discusses the economic interaction of the Leningrad region with the Swedish regions in the last two decades. The authors attempt to give a detailed analysis of the cooperation of this Russian region with Sweden in order to establish the significance of these relations for Ingermanland and Russia. To achieve this goal, the authors consider the agreements of districts and cities of the region with the Swedish partners, as well as their implementation on the example of specific cases of Swedish companies in the region. Particular attention is paid to the recent years of interaction between the Leningrad region and Sweden, the impact of the sanctions regime on them. As a result of the research, the institute of twin cities was found to be of great importance for certain regions of the region in their economic interaction with the Swedish kingdom (Gatchina and Tikhvin) and the potential for development in this area for others (Volkhov and Vyborg). The contradictory role of sanctions in the region’s foreign economic relations with Sweden is emphasized, as a result of which there was no serious drop in trade turnover and investment volumes, and Sweden became a more valuable foreign partner of the Leningrad region. more...
- Published
- 2020
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