Search

The negative impacts of microgrids (µGs) on the load frequency highlight the importance of implementing a robust, efficient, and adaptable controller to ensure stability. This work introduces an adaptive load frequency control (LFC) for an isolated µG that includes a PV system and electric vehicles (EVs), which have a significant impact on frequency. This control utilizes a combination of sine cosine optimization (SCO) and balloon effect identifier (BEI) algorithms. The controller presented in this work transforms the LFC process into an optimization problem that is highly compatible with various random situations encountered in the control process. The suggested control method is a novel approach by utilizing SCO+BEI for adaptive LFC application, resulting in a highly efficient response. The effectiveness of the proposed adaptive controller is assessed under the conditions of 17 MW variable load, system parameters uncertainties, and installed PV systems of 6 MW. MATLAB / Simulink package is rummage-sale as a digital test environment. According to simulation results, the proposed adaptive controller succeeds in regulating the frequency and power of an islanded µG. To measure the efficiency of the proposed control scheme, a comparison between other control techniques (such as adaptive controller using Jaya+BEI and classical integral controller) is done. The findings of the studied scenarios assured that the not compulsory control method using (SCO+BEI) has an obvious superiority over other control methods in terms of frequency solidity in case of random load instabilities and parameter uncertainties. Finally, it can be said that the proposed controller can better ensure the safe operation of the µGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The significance of using the variable step Incremental Conductance (INC) technique in Maximum Power Point monitoring (MPPT) of photovoltaic (PV) systems resides in its capacity to improve the efficiency of energy conversion. This is accomplished through the constant measurement and comparison of incremental changes in current and voltage, precisely monitoring the maximum power point amidst changing environmental conditions. This traditional INC-MPPT approach has two primary disadvantages. Initially, it employs a predetermined scaling factor that necessitates human adjustment. Furthermore, it adjusts the inclination of the PV characteristics curve to modify the step size. This implies that even little changes in PV module voltage will have a substantial impact on the total step size. As a result, it shifts the operating point away from the intended reference maximum power point. The objective of this work is to improve the efficiency of traditional INC by overcoming the constraints associated with step size modifications. This is achieved by using a fuzzy logic (FL) technique to adjust the step size adaptively in response to environmental changes. The presented INC-FL-MPPT successfully achieves MPPT for a PV system under enhanced steady-state and transientstate settings. The results demonstrate the superiority of the suggested approach compared to three distinct MPPT strategies, namely Perturb and Observe (P&O), Classical INC, and P&O-FL technique. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The superplastic forming process is used in a wide range of high-value-added manufacturing sectors to make lightweight, complex-shaped components for high-performance applications. Currently, it is a high-cost process, for example, the superplastic forming of titanium alloys involves a high-temperature furnace, costly (mould) tooling and has a high utilization of resources such as argon gas and energy. The authors of this article propose a prototype for next-generation superplastic forming laboratory equipment. The aim is to develop improved methods, particularly for heat management in the superplastic forming process, to allow a more widespread application of the process to manufacture lower cost products. The next-generation superplastic forming tool comprises a tool in the form of a hemispherical shell, pressure chamber with incorporated water cooling system and an infrared heating system. The construction, usability and suitability of the next-generation superplastic forming equipment have been proven by a series of physical experiments, and numerical simulations are performed and the results are presented and discussed in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]