Search

Currently, there is increasing interest on natural hydrocolloids such as gums. In the present work, the solubility, zeta potential and rheological properties of gums from chickpea hull and corn bran were studied. Chickpea hull and corn bran gums were extracted from chickpea hulls and nejayote, respectively. The chickpea hull gum had 2.98% of protein (w/w) and corn bran gum 2.28% (w/w), an ash content of 2.25% (w/w) and 6.21% (w/w), respectively. Chickpea hull gum (CHG) had its highest solubility (above 50%) at 50 °C and 12 hours. Corn bran gum showed a solubility over 90% at 12 hours at 25 °C. The Zeta potential values for both gums were negative (from -0.33 mV to -20.0 mV) through the pH range studied (from 2.0 to 7.0). The dispersions of both gums showed a rheological behavior in which viscosity decreases when increasing the shear rate from 10-2 s-1 to 103 s-1 for chickpea hull gum and corn bran gum at 2%; the rheological viscosity values of the dispersions was adjusted to the Carreau-Yasuda model.Keywords: Gums; Solubility; Zeta Potential; Viscosity; Shear-thinning

El punto de vista de muchas otras aplicaciones que modifican las reglas de computación. En segundo lugar, y una vez generalizado el concepto de independencia, es necesario realizar un estudio exhaustivo de la efectividad de las herramientas de análisis en la tarea de la paralelizacion automática. Los resultados obtenidos de dicha evaluación permiten asegurar de forma empírica que la utilización de analizadores globales en la tarea de la paralelizacion automática es vital para la consecución de una paralelizarían efectiva. Por último, a la luz de los buenos resultados obtenidos sobre la efectividad de los analizadores de flujo globales basados en la interpretación abstracta, se presenta la generalización de las herramientas de análisis al contexto de los lenguajes lógicos restricciones y planificación dinámica.

A complete classification of redundant sets of inequalities in the specification of the Latin Square problem of size N is proven. Related issues on variations of the same problem are discussed.

Modellers would like to automatically translate a declarative conceptual model of a constrained combinatorial problem into an efficient design model. However, for efficiency, most solving techniques require a model-specific search strategy, which is inherently procedural and, thus, difficult to integrate with the declarative conceptual model. This paper describes a small, non-intrusive extension to the declarative modelling language Zinc that achieves such an integration by providing a number of generic search patterns that take Zinc user-defined functions as parameters. We show the generality of the approach by using it to implement three very different kinds of search: backtracking search, branch-and- bound search, and local search. In each case, the work done by the modeller is small, while the performance is competitive with hand-coded search strategies. This demonstrates that search can be implemented in a manner that maintains the benefits of declarative modelling languages, while still being reasonably efficient.

LDSB is a dynamic symmetry breaking method and, therefore, does not interfere with the given search heuristic. Like the shortcut SBDS method, it might trade completeness for efficiency, and it does not require complex group theory computations. Like the GAP-SBDS method, it only requires the user to provide the symmetries, and pruning of symmetric parts of the search tree occurs as early as it is useful. Importantly, the overhead introduced by LDSB to exploit symmetries is very small, since it targets those that can be represented and checked efficiently. An implementation of LDSB is described. Results are so promising that we believe LDSB can be used as a default search method even when looking only for the first solution.

Many search problems contain large amounts of redundancy in the search. In this paper we examine how to automatically exploit remaining subproblem equivalence, which arises when two different search paths lead to identical remaining subproblems, that is the problem left on the remaining unfixed variables. Subproblem equivalence is exploited by caching descriptions, or keys, that define the subproblems visited, and failing the search when the key for the current subproblem already exists in the cache. In this paper we show how to automatically and efficiently define keys for arbitrary constraint problems. We show how a constraint programming solver with this capability can solve search problems where subproblem equivalence arises orders of magnitude faster. The system is fully automatic, i.e., the subproblem equivalences are detected and exploited without any effort from the problem modeller.

Background The study was conducted to determine occurrence and levels of total aflatoxin and zearalenone in concentrate feedstuffs for dairy animals from selected farms in Malawi. Methods A total of 130 concentrate feedstuff samples were collected in paper bags from 113 randomly selected farms in the three agroecological zones (representing high, mid and low (lakeshore) altitudes) from October and December 2019. Each feed sample was ground and analyzed for total aflatoxin and zearalenone using VICAM Fluorometer Method procedures. Results About 85% of samples comprised of corn (maize) bran (CB), 8% for pigeon pea (PP), 2% for dairy mash, 1% for soybean and

Background Severe respiratory distress is a leading cause of mortality among neonates in Malawi. Despite evidence on the safety, cost effectiveness and efficacy of bubble continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) in managing the condition, its use in Malawian health facilities is limited and little is known about health workers engagement with perspectives of bubble CPAP. The purpose of this study was to explore caregiver perspectives for bubble CPAP at both central and district hospitals and key factors that enable effective caregiver engagement in Malawi. Methods This was a descriptive qualitative study employing secondary analysis of 46 health care worker in-depth interviews. We interviewed the health workers about their thoughts on caregiver perspectives regarding use of bubble CPAP. We implemented the study at a tertiary facility and three district hospitals in southern Malawi. This was a part of a larger study to understand barriers and facilitators to implementing neonatal innovations in resource-constrained hospitals. Interviews were thematically analysed in NVivo 12 software (QSR International, Melbourne, Australia). Health workers were purposively selected to include nurses, clinicians and district health management involved in the use of bubble CPAP. Results Emerging issues included caregiver fears around bubble CPAP equipment as potentially harmful to their new-borns and how inadequate information provided to caregivers exacerbated knowledge gaps and was associated with refusal of care. However, good communication between health care providers and caregivers was associated with acceptance of care. Caregivers’ decision-making was influenced by relatives and peer advocates were helpful in supporting caregivers and alleviating fears or misconceptions about bubble CPAP. Conclusions Since caregivers turn to relatives and peers for support, there is need to ensure that both relatives and peers are counselled on bubble CPAP for improved understanding and uptake. Health workers need to provide simplified, accurate, up-to-date information on the intervention as per caregivers’ level of understanding. Notably, contextualised comprehensible information will help alleviate caregivers’ fear and anxieties about bubble CPAP. Key words : bubble CPAP, neonates, caregiver, perspectives, peers, Malawi