Search

The large-scale use of zinc–air batteries (ZABs) has been limited by their sluggish OER and ORR kinetics. The current synthesis of catalysts for air electrodes requires harsh conditions. The design and manufacture of bifunctional catalysts under mild conditions are of great significance. Herein, an electric field-induced phosphorization at room temperature is proposed to prepare bifunctional electrocatalysts designed by coupling N-doped carbon and CoP nanoparticles based on a multi-active site-integration strategy. The simple, safe, non-toxic and highly controllable electric field-induced reaction creates CoP active sites. The catalyst exhibits a remarkably narrow potential gap (ΔE) of 0.65 V between the half-wave potential of the ORR and the potential of the OER. The low ΔE signifies a superior catalytic bifunctionality of CoP@NWC. Aqueous ZABs with an optimized catalyst achieve a high discharge specific capacity of 805.8 mA h gZn−1 and long-term cycling stability over 1200 cycles. Quasi-solid-state ZABs show a discharge-specific capacity of 760.5 mA h gZn−1. The outstanding bifunctional catalytic activities originate from the synergistic effect of dual active sites between CoP and NWC induced by the electric field. This work provides a new perspective for building advanced catalysts from biomass under ambient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background The HIV/AIDS (human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome) remains a global threat to health. Suicidal ideation has been a serious public health problem among people living with HIV (PLWH). However, the suicide prevention mechanism among PLWH still unclear. This study aims to analyze the suicidal ideation and its related factors in PLWH, and further explore the relationships between suicidal ideation and depression, anxiety and perceived social support. Methods This is a cross-sectional study. A total of 1146 PLWH were investigated by the general information questionnaire, the perceived social support scale (PSSS), the Beck scale for suicide ideation of Chinese version (BSI-CV), the generalized anxiety disorder scale-2 (GAD-2) and the patient health questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2) though the WeChat in China in 2018. By using statistical description and the binary unconditional logistic regression, we assessed the incidence of suicidal ideation and its related factors in PLWH. Besides, the intermediary effect of social support between anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation were explored by the stepwise test and Bootstrap method. Results The incidence of suicide ideation was 54.0% (619/1146) among the PLWH in the last week or during the most serious depression. Binary logistic regression analysis results showed that the PLWH who with short time for HIV positive diagnosis (aOR (adjusted odd ratio) = 1.754, 95% CI (confidence interval):1.338–2.299), low monthly income (aOR = 1.515, 95%CI:1.098–2.092), other chronic diseases except HIV (aOR = 1.555, 95%CI:1.134–2.132), irregular lovers (aOR = 1.369, 95%CI:1.021–1.837), anxiety (aOR = 2.711, 95%CI:1.767–4.161), depression (aOR = 1.614, 95%CI:1.078–2.417), low PSSS (aOR = 2.139, 95%CI:1.345–3.399) had high risk of suicide ideation.The social support played a mediating role between the anxiety (the mediating effect accounted for 30.43% of the total effect), depression (the mediating effect accounted for 23.76% of the total effect) and the suicide ideation among PLWH. Conclusion The incidence of suicide ideation of PLWH was high. Anxiety, depression, and social support are the key factors of suicide ideation of PLWH. Social support plays a partial mediating role between anxiety, depression and suicidal ideation, which provides a new approach for prevention of suicidal ideation in PLWH and should be known widely for people to prevent suicide.