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We are presenting a case study of 19 years old male, who came with the complains of sadness, helplessness, poor concentration, suicidal thoughts, intention and attempt. Patient was assessed through Coping Competence Questionnaire and Suicidality Scale for Adolescents and treated with cognitive behavior therapy. Result supported the efficacy of cognitive behavior therapy as an effective psychological approach for the treatment of learned helplessness, suicidal ideation, intention and suicidal attempt. The cognitive behavior therapy is found to be an effective tool in management patients having suicide tendency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To explore psychological problems (Anxiety, Depression and Stress) in general population during Covid-19 pandemic. To find predictive effects of cognitive emotion regulation on psychological problems. Convenient sampling technique was used to obtain the sample of 500 participants (Male = 239, Female = 261). Research instrument consists of four parts. First part comprised of consent form, second part was about demographic profile, third part was Depression, Anxiety and Stress scale (DASS-21) while Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire was the last part of the instrument. SPSS 23.0 (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version was used for study analysis. Descriptive statistics used to summarize the raw data. The inferential statistics such as regression, correlation and t-test were used to calculate the findings according to research objectives. Results indicated that 33%, 40% and 27% individuals were experiencing Depression, Anxiety and Stress respectively during Covid-19 pandemic. Among these participants, 48% (N = 242) were experiencing normal level of all these targeted psychological problems while remaining 52% (N = 258) respondents have mild to very severe level of all these disorders. Furthermore, findings of linear regression analysis illustrated that cognitive emotion regulation significantly predicts psychological problems [R2=.216; F = 51.223, p <.01] and 21% variation in psychological problems is due to cognitive emotion regulation. This study recommended that policy makers must develop and implement some necessary programmes to prevent and cure people from devastating psychological and mental health consequences of covid-19 on priority basis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives:This study aimed to explore the relationship between intermittent explosive behavior, disgust sensitivity and religious obsessions among adults. Design:Correlation Design Place and Duration of study: This study was carried out in Gujrat from March 2019 to March 2020. Subject and Method:The sample of 184 adults was selected from different areas of district Gujrat to discover the association between intermittent explosive behavior, disgust sensitivity and religious obsessions. To find out the relation between variables, a demographic form, indigenous Intermittent Explosive Behavior scale (IEBS), Disgust Scale Revised (DS-R) and Indigenous Obsessive Compulsive Disorder scale were used. For statistical analysis linear regression analysis was used. Results and Conclusion:The results show that intermittent explosive behavior is significant predictor of religious obsessions While intermittent explosive behaviors showed to be insignificant predictor of disgust sensitivity and disgust sensitivity was significant predictor of religious obsessions. These results of the study would be helpful for further research and understanding of intermittent explosive behavior, disgust sensitivity and religious obsessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Relational aggression stresses on the application of one's link to interfere the someone else relationships. Narcissism is manifest by heavenliness, a feeling of being advantaged, and a nonappearance of compassion while psychopathy is a personality issue that is about reduced regret, debilitated sympathy, and critical reserved behaviours. Present study was designed to assess the predictive relationship of narcissism and psychopathy with relational aggression among adolescents moderated by age. Methods: Cross-sectional correlational research design was implied. Study was conducted at department of Psychology University of Gujrat from August 10th 2017 to 5th January 2018. 612 students from diverse academic institute of Gujrat, with age range 12-19 year were selected. Urdu version of dark triad personality scale short version was used to assess narcissism and psychopathy while diverse adolescent relational aggression scale, Urdu version was used to gauge relational aggression. Results: Multiple regression analysis was carried out to find out the combined effect of narcissism and psychopathy on relational aggression among adolescent students. Findings revealed significant predictive relation among the variables (p<0.01). Result further indicated that one unit in narcissism will increase the relational aggression by .333 unit (β=.333) while on unit increase in psychopathy will increase the relational aggression by .374 unit (β=.374). Furthermore, results support the moderating effect of age in the relation among narcissism, psychopathy and relational aggression (p<0.01). Conclusion: Narcissism and psychopathy have predictive relationship with relational aggression moreover age play moderating role in afore said association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Development of emotional distress scale for adolescents in Urdu language. Study Design: Cross sectional survey. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, from Feb to Nov 2020. Methodology: Scale was based on Beck Cognitive Theory with 3 main factors of Depression, Anxiety and stress and 9 sub factors of it. Initial item pool was developed of 180 items with the help of DSM-5, four focus group and literature review was carried out. One hundred and seventy four out of 180 items were selected after expert evaluation. 162 items were retained after pilot study. Moreover data was collected by using self-reported questionnaire on 900 adolescents from the community of district Gujrat and district Sargodha. For the analysis of data reliability, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used. Results: After final administration of 162 items 49 items were retained. The final administration of 49 items with written informed consent was handed over to 900 participants. The model fit showed a p-value of 0.000 that established the structure validity and significance of the items to its subscales. Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Pallant showed the acceptable value above 0.6 that showed the sampling adequacy of Emotional Distress Scale. After all analysis 49 items were selected. Conclusion: Emotional distress scale is reliable indigenous scale for measuring emotional distress of adolescents with 3 main and 9 sub factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVES: To develop and examine reliability of dependent personality disorder scale for adults. METHODS: This cross-sectional analytical study design was used to develop a scale, which will measures dependent personality disorder. The data was collected by using purposive sampling technique from different government and private colleges, universities and community of Sialkot. A total of 140 participants, between 19-75 years were enrolled in this study. The item pool of 134 items was generated from literature reviews and people's opinions. Among the 125 items retained by experts, and after a pilot study only 36 statements were retained. The data was analyzed by using exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and reliability. RESULTS: The final administration of 36 items was handed over to 180 participants. The model fit showed a P-value of <0.001, that established the structure validity and significance of the items to its subscales. At the final stage among the 36 items 21 were considered as reliable. CONCLUSION: Indigenous dependent personality disorder scale with 21 questions and seven sub-scales was developed in native language Urdu. To evaluate the dependent personality this is a reliable and efficient measure which can be used by the psychologist, psychiatrist, social worker and other mental health professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To develop a scale and establish psychometric properties to measure Adverse Childhood Experiences of Adolescents in Urdu language. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, from Dec 2019 to Oct 2020. Methodology: After the approval of proposal initial item pool of 145 items was generated with the help of DSM-5, extensive literature review and focus group interviews (Girls=25, Boys=25). Expert evaluation shortens it into 137 items whereas pilot study retained 132 items for final administration. Data was obtained from 1331 adolescents with age range of 12-19 from educational institutions and community in district Gujrat. Exploratory Factor Analysis, Confirmatory Factor Analysis and reliability analysis were carried out to analyze the data. Results: Exploratory factor analysis explored 38 reliable items for Adverse Childhood Experiences scale under four sub factors; Sexual Abuse, Neglect, Physical Abuse, and Psychological Abuse whereas 12 items were confirmed for final scale through model fit (p-value=0.000, CFI=0.968, GFI=0.975, AGFI=0.959, RMSEA=0.049) of Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Conclusion: A scale to estimate Adverse Childhood Experiences of adolescents in Urdu language is competently developed and established with 12 questions and four sub-scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To construct a scale and psychometric properties for the assessment of oppositional defiant behaviors of adolescents in Urdu language. Study Design: Cross sectional analytical study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, from Feb 2019 to Oct 2019. Methodology: The initial item pool of 48 items was generated with the help of DSM 5 description of oppositional defiant behaviors, literature review and three focus groups with target population. Among the 47 expert evaluated items after pilot studys 45 items were retained which included the three dimensions of oppositional defiant behaviors including irritable mood, argumentative behaviors and vindictiveness. Furthermore, in the final administration of this scales data were collected from 500 adolescents from the educational institutions and community of Gujrat using self-reported questionnaire. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability analysis were implied for data scrutiny. Results: The final administration of 45 items was handed over to 500 participants. The model fit showed a p-value of .000 that established the structure validity and significance of the items to its subscales. At the final stage among the 45 items 12 were reliable for further use. Conclusion: A scale to gauge oppositional defiant behaviors of adolescents in Urdu language is competently established with 12 questions and three sub-scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out the predictive relationship between resilience, emotional intelligence and psychological well being in medical students. Study Design: Cross sectional correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Study was conducted at the department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub-campus, from Mar 2017 to Dec 2018. Methodology: A total of 200 medical students were recruited from different private and government medical colleges of Sialkot, Pakistan. The students of first professional year to final professional year between age ranges 19 years to 27 years were selected for the study. Cannor Devidson Resilience Scale, Trait Emotional Intelligence, Questionnaire-Short Form and psychological wellbeing scale-CPI, were used to find out the predictive relationship between resilience, emotional intelligence and psychological well-being in medical students. Results: Linear regression analysis was determined by using SPSS-21. Results showed significant predictive relationship between resilience and psychological well-being (R=0.315; R2=09; p<0.001), and resilience and emotional intelligence with psychological well-being of medical students (R=0.224; R2=05; p<0.001). Conclusion: The current research maintained the predictive relationship between resilience and emotional intelligence with psychological well-being in medical students. This study will provide the vital information about the role of positive growth and psychological health of the medical students in their healthy professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the impact of burn severity, time since burn and age on the cognitive functioning of women who had burn injuries. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, from Nov 2017 to Jul 2018. Methodology: The data were collected from females suffering burn injuries. The burn severity, time since burn and age were assessed to see their impact on cognitive functioning of women with burns injured. Further, Montreal Cognitive Assessment scale was used to measure the construct of cognitive functioning. Results: Among a total of 200 burn victims, 52.5% had the severity level of third degree burns. A total of 75% victims had 6-15 months old burns and 64.5% belonged to age group of 19-34 years. The predictive association among variables based on difference of training and testing relative error (0.61) indicated the significant predictive relationship of burn severity, time since burn and age on the cognitive functioning of burn injured women. Further, relationship of burn severity, time since burn, and age was investigated. The relative importance of burn severity, time since burn and age in predicting cognitive functioning was 0.700, 0.163 and 0.136 respectively. Conclusion: Burn severity, time since burn and age are the factors affecting the cognitive functioning of female burn victims. Whereas role of burn severity was more prominent than time since burn and age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find out the impact of social support and adjustment problems on perceived loneliness in elderly. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Data was obtained from old houses of Lahore and residences of Gujrat Pakistan, from Mar 2019 to May 2019. Methodology: Total sample of 150 elderlies of age 60 and above, living either in old homes (n=75) or with their family (n=75) was taken by purposive and snowball sampling techniques respectively. For data collection, Urdu versions of Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, Scale for Adjustment Problems for Adults and De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale were used. In first phase, the translation of De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale was conducted in Urdu by using forward backward translation method and in second phase, data collection was carried out with three standardized scales. Results: The results were significant and revealed that social support has negative correlation with loneliness (r=-0.57, p<0.01) while adjustment problems have positive correlation with loneliness (r=0.59, p<0.01). Family members’ support (R²=0.38, F (3,146) = 29.72, p<0.01) and adjustment problems (R²=0.47, F (8,141) = 15.51, p<0.01) are the predictors of loneliness among the elderly. Conclusion: Social support and adjustment problems served as the predictors of perceived loneliness among elderly. Moreover, significant differences have been found for social support, adjustment problems and perceived loneliness in elderly people residing in homes and in old age institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To find the predictive relationship of locus of control with work life balance and job satisfaction. Study Design: Correlational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Sialkot Sub-campus, from May 2017 to Dec 2018. Methodology: A sample of 150 Gazetted administrative offices of 17 grade and above was collected from various government organizations of Gujrat and Sialkot City, Punjab, Pakistan. The sample age ranges from 30-60 years. Work locus of control scale, work life balance scale and Minnesota satisfaction questionnaire were implemented to measure locus of control, work life balance and job satisfaction respectively. Results: Path analysis was carried out by using Amos Graphic. Model summary revealed that locus of control was a significant predictor of work life balance and job satisfaction (p≤0.001) Conclusion: The present study supported the predictive relationship of locus of control with work-life balance and job satisfaction among administrative officers. The findings of the current study will be provided the key information to the policy makers with that they can manage the work-life balance and job satisfaction by working on locus of control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To explore the prevalence of "social anxiety" among adolescent student of Pakistani students. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, from 10th Oct 2017 to 30th Mar 2018. Methodology: The 716 adolescent students (344 male & 372 females) were assessed through Pakistani version of the scale initially developed by La Greca and Lopez in 1989 to measure social anxiety titled "Social Anxiety Scale - Adolescents". Results: There was high prevalence of anxiety in adolescents as 22.5% of sample scored high on the SAS-A. No marked gender differences were observed on variable of interest. However, when analyzed for morbidity of social anxiety across early, middle and late adolescent groups it was observed that relatively less number of students in late adolescents scored high as 21.16% on social anxiety as compared to early 21.43% and middle adolescents 25.5%. Among high scorers in middle adolescents there was the greater number of boys as 59% reflecting middle adolescents as the most critical times for male adolescents. Conclusion: Social anxiety was found a most prevalent disorder in adolescents and morbidity of social anxiety alarmingly increase in youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the role of mothers' expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Psychology, University of Gujrat, Gujrat Pakistan, from Jul 2020 to Aug 2021 Methodology: Five hundred mothers and their five hundred adolescents were approached to measure the role of mothers' expressed emotions in psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents. For this purpose, parental Expressed Emotions Scale-1 was used, and to assess the psychopathology and social-emotional competence in adolescents, Social Anxiety Scale-2 and Social-Emotional Competence Scale-3 were used. Results: Artificial neural network (ANN) analysis was used to identify the mothers' expressed emotions as predictors of social anxiety and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Results showed incorrect predictions was for training data (60%) and for testing data (28%), which signify the current results that around 72% of right decision about mothers' expressed emotions as a predictor of social anxiety and social-emotional competence in adolescents. Conclusion: In the teenage period, youth face an increasing number of psychological, social, and developmental challenges. Mothers are the first teachers of their children. When they fail to support them and display ways of negatively expressing emotions, it leads to overall mental health issues, in which social anxiety is the most common challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To investigate the effect of stigma in psychological issues such as depression, anxiety and conduct disorder among orphans resides in orphan homes. Study Design: Correlational research design. Place and Duration of Study: Data was collected from Gujrat, Gujranwala, Sialkot and Lahore, Pakistan from Jan 2017 to Oct 2017. Material and Methods: A total of 200 children of ages 12-17 years (mean age=13.820; SD= 1.61886) were selected by using purposive sampling technique to investigate the effect of stigma in developing psychological issues among orphans. Participants were assessed on Demographic form, Orphan Stigma Scale, Revised Children's Manifest Anxiety Scale, Depression Scale for Children and Conduct Disorder Scale. Results: To examine the relation of Stigma with Anxiety, Depression and Conduct disorder linear Regression Analysis was used. The results show that stigma has a significant predictor with anxiety (R=0.361; R2=0.130, F=29.250, p<0.01) and depression (R=0.295; R2=0.087, F=18.579, p<0.01) whereas in conduct disorder the relationship was insignificant (R=0.128; R2=0.016, F=3.191, p>0.076). Conclusion: It is concluded from the findings of this research that stigma has a significant impact on depression and anxiety. Further, study indicated that a stigma does not have a significant predictive relationship on conduct disorder in the orphans living in Orphanages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE To explore The predictive relationship of childhood maltreatment towards the involvement in delinquent behaviors in their later life and to figure out the most significant form of childhood abuse that predict the delinquency. STUDY DESIGN Correlational Research Design PLACE AND DURATION OF STUDY Study was completed from Feb-2017 to Feb-2018. Data was collected from the four prisons of District Punjab (Lahore, Sialkot, Gujrat, Rawalpindi) Including District Jail Lahore, District Jail Sialkot, District Jail Gujarat, and from the Central Jail Rawalpindi. SUBJECTS AND METHODS Total sample of 517 was gathered from prisoners with age range of 18 to 60 years old. Data was collected through the purposive sampling technique. Child maltreatment was measured through child abuse self-report scale including the four sub domains of physical abuse, psychological abuse, sexual abuse and neglect while delinquency was investigated through the self-reported delinquency scale. RESULTS Simple Linear Regression and Multiple Linear Regression Analysis were used to measure the predictive effect of childhood maltreatment towards the involvement with delinquency. Results revealed the positive predictive relatlonship of childhood maItreatment with delinquency. CONCLUSION Findings revealed the childhood maltreatment as a significant predictor towards the involvement in delinquent behaviors. Further, it was explored that the prisoners who experienced the sexual abuse and neglect were more involved in delinquent behaviors in their later life as compare with physical and psychological abuse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Development and validation of domestic violence scale for intimate partners in Urdu language. Study Design: Cross sectional survey research design and purposive sampling technique were used. Place and Duration of Study: District Head Quarter Teaching Hospitals, Sargodha and Gujrat Pakistan, from Feb 2020 to Dec 2021. Methodology: The domestic violence scale was based on 7 factors included neglect, psychological violence, spiritual violence, verbal violence, economic violence, physical violence, and sexual violence. Initially, 305 statements were developed on the bases of inductive and deductive approaches. 202 out of 305 items were selected after expert evaluation. Further, the pilot study retained 131 items. Moreover, for final administration data was collected by using a self-reported questionnaire on 654 married males and females from District Sargodha and District Gujrat Pakistan (including 320 injured women victimized by domestic violence reported in DHQ hospital Sargodha and Gujrat). Results: Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO) Bartlett's Test of Sphericity Pallant showed an acceptable value above 0.6 showing the sampling adequacy of the Domestic Violence Scale. The KMO value of the domestic violence scale was 0.955, and the CFI was 0.948 with a significant p<0.01 value. The results indicated appropriate model fit indices for a significant model fit. There was high reliability of the domestic violence scale (0.951) at a 0.01 level of significance. At the end of all analyses 25 reliable and valid items retain in the scale. Conclusion: Domestic violence scale is valid and reliable instrument to measure neglect, psychological violence, spiritual violence, verbal violence, economic violence, physical violence, and sexual violence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the research was to find out the influence of perceived social support on psychological well-being of the working women. A purposive sample of 200 working women with age range of 20 to 60 years was recruited from various Educational Institutions of Sialkot, Pakistan. Perceived Social Support Scale (PSSS; Ambreen and Khanum, 2015) and Psychological Well-Being Scale (Ghough, 1957) were used to assess the variables of interest in the present study. Linear regression analysis was used to test the proposed assumption of the presen study. The results reveal perceived social support to be the significant predictor of Psychological well-being in working women. Thus, findings suggest the buffering influence of perceived social support for psychological well-being in working women. The significant implications of the obtained findings and avenues for future researches are suggested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present study was carried out to develop perceived parenting scale for adolescents in Urdu language and establish its psychometric properties. An initial item pool of 254 items was produced with the help of Skinner, Johnson and Snyder (2005) motivational model of parenting, review of literature and six focus group discussions with target population. In expert evaluation, 4 items were eradicated and 250 items including six subscales warmth, rejection, structure, chaos, autonomy support and coercion was administered in test re-test manner on 300 adolescents. Items with low correlation than.40 were removed. Resulting from this inspection, total 150 items remained for further use. Furthermore, 150 items scale was administered on 1200 adolescents. The exploratory factor analysis (EFA) identified six factor solutions after varimax rotation with 38 items, afterward confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) removed 17 items with a good model fit. Reliability analysis was further implied to scrutinize data. A 21 items scale to gauge perceived parenting of adolescents in Urdu language is competently established with six sub-scales [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate an indigenous Psychological Distress Scale for Adults (PDS-A) based on Beck's Cognitive model. The initial sample of 1000 was selected from different cities of District Gujrat, Islambad, and District Bhimber, Mirpur and Azad Jammu and Kashmir through random sampling technique. For validation, the sample of 200 adults with an age range of 19-59 years was selected. Urdu translated version of Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS) was used for validity. Rotated component matrix analysis of 82 items showed that factor loading ranged from.42 to.97 for the factors. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed 9 factors scale after deletion of more items with good model fit indices into nine subcategories. The final version of 38 items was obtained. Alpha reliability for full scale is.92 and PDS-A correlated strongly with DASS (r=.91) indicating the scale is highly reliable. Results of total scale and subscales item scores ranges from high to adequate which shows the internal consistency of Psychological Distress Scale for Adults [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the present study was to construct an indigenous tool of Moral Disengagement for Adolescents based on Bandura's model of moral disengagement. Initially, item pool of 90 items was generated through a review of literature and seeking experts' opinion. This Item pool was lessened to 76 items after carrying out expert evaluation and pilot testing. Test-retest procedure scrutinized 40 highly correlated items later on. For factor analysis, sample of 400 adolescents with mean age 16.72 years (SD=1.84) was selected. Exploratory Factor Analysis resulted into six factors comprising of 26 items (KMO=.8). Rotated Varimax factor analysis of 26 items showed that factor loadings range from.42 to.79 for the six factors, which explain 52.28% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis confirmed the same structure after deletion of two more items with good model fit indices into six subcategories. Alpha reliability for full scale was.80 indicating that scale is highly reliable. Results of subscale and total scale scores and items and subtotal scores ranges from high to adequate which are indicating the internal consistency of Moral Disengagement Scale for adolescents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]