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Surgical implantation of a penile prosthesis may be offered to patients with erectile dysfunction (ED) as primary treatment or after failed therapy. The two FDA approved three-piece inflatable penile prostheses (IPPs) on the market, the AMS (American Medical Systems) 700TM series (Boston Scientific, Massachusetts) and the Coloplast Titan® (Coloplast, Minnesota), differ in their overall design and anti-microbial coating. However, little is known as to whether these differences have an impact on risk of infection or revision. To compare the likelihood of infection and short-term revision in IPP placements performed by a single high-volume surgeon when using Boston Scientific's AMS 700TM series versus Coloplast Titan® implants. We performed a prospective analysis of a single IPP surgeon's experience with AMS 700TM and Titan® at two private hospitals between January 2017 and December 2019. The surgeon alternated the implants every other week for comparison. Data was collected on patient demographics, implant characteristics, case duration, and complications. A total of 542 patients (mean age 69.2 years) underwent 548 IPP implantations during the two-year period. Of the 548 cases, 303 (55.3%) implantations were performed using Boston Scientific AMS 700TM while 245 (44.7%) were with Coloplast Titan®. Only one (0.18%) case was complicated by post-operative infection despite drain placement for three days in all 548 cases. This infection occurred in a Coloplast Titan® placed as a revision for SST deformity. Seven (1.3%) cases ultimately required revision by the time of review. Although five of the seven cases requiring revision were done using AMS 700TM implants, this did not amount to a statistically significant increase in risk compared to Titan® (p=0.39). First revisions of AMS 700TM were noted to be done earlier than Titan® on average (225 days vs. 450 days postoperatively, p=0.42). Overall, the most common reason for revision was tube fracture (n=3). Diabetes, case time, performing hospital, reservoir type, and reservoir location were not significant prognostic factors for revision (p>0.05). Risk of infection or short-term revision is not impacted by whether the IPP is manufactured by Coloplast or Boston Scientific. A high-volume IPP surgeon has a significantly decreased risk of infection and revision compared to those currently published in the literature. No [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper reports the design and development of wrought Al-Cu alloys that retain high strength until 250 °C. It is achieved by minor alloying of Zr (<0.15 at%) and Nb (<0.1 at%) and inducing precipitation of stable nanometric dispersion of L1 2 ordered precipitates during controlled thermomechanical treatment (rolling) of cast alloys before conventional heat treatment (solutionizing and ageing). The rolling temperature was optimized to 450 °C by quantitatively evaluating the size distribution of the dispersions at different rolling temperatures. The dispersions influence the microstructure and the nature of the precipitation of the strengthening θ′ plates during subsequent conventional heat treatment. The microstructure of the processed alloy show stability at high temperatures. The atom probe tomography reveals Zr enrichment at the broad faces of θ′ plates. The presence of Zr plays a critical role in the high-temperature strength by promoting the stability of θ′ precipitates and resisting its coarsening. The composite microstructure of Al-Cu-Nb-Zr alloy displayed yield strength (YS) of 415 MPa and 220 MPa at room temperature and at 250 °C, which are higher by 26 % and 45 % respectively as compared to a commercial Al-Cu based alloy (2219-T851). The present results are promising for developing wrought Al alloys for high-temperature applications. • Effect of Zr and Nb addition in Al-Cu alloy processing through thermo-mechanical route. • Dynamic precipitation of nanometric L1 2 ordered phase in Al matrix during wrought processing • L1 2 ordered precipitate promotes the nucleation of θ′ and retard the growth and coarsening. • APT study reveals solute (Zr/Nb) segregation at the Al/θ′ interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two Iranian common wheat landraces AUS28183 and AUS28187 from the Watkins collection showed high levels of seedling resistance against Australian pathotypes of leaf rust and stripe rust pathogens. Chi-squared analyses of rust response segregation among F populations derived from crosses of AUS28183 and AUS28187 with a susceptible genotype AUS27229 revealed monogenic inheritance of leaf rust and stripe rust resistance. As both genotypes produced similar leaf rust and stripe rust infection types, they were assumed to carry the same genes. The genes were temporarily named as LrW1 and YrW1. Molecular mapping placed LrW1 and YrW1 in the short arm of chromosome 5B, about 10 and 15 cM proximal to the SSR marker gwm234, respectivel y, and the marker cfb309 mapped 8-12 cM proximal to YrW1. LrW1 mapped 3-6 cM distal to YrW1 in two F populations. AUS28183 corresponded to the accession V336 of the Watkins collection which was the original source of Lr52. Based on the genomic location and accession records, LrW1 was concluded to be Lr52. Because no other seedling stripe rust resistance gene has previously been mapped in chromosome 5BS, YrW1 was permanently named as Yr47. A combination of flanking markers gwm234 and cfb309 with phenotypic assays could be used to ascertain the presence of Lr52 and Yr47 in segregating populations. This investigation characterised a valuable source of dual leaf rust and stripe rust resistance for deployment in new wheat cultivars. Transfer of Lr52 and Yr47 into current Australian wheat backgrounds is in progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) pathotype, 134 E16A+, detected in 2002 in Australia, produced relatively lower and higher adult plant stripe rust responses, respectively, on cultivars Kukri and Janz in comparison to the pre-2002 Pst pathotype 110 E143A+. Molecular mapping of adult plant stripe rust response variation among 180 Kukri/Janz-derived doubled haploid lines over 4 years, two each with Pst pathotypes 110 E143A+ and 134 E16A+, was performed. QYr.sun- 7B and QYr.sun- 7D were consistently contributed by Kukri and Janz, respectively. QYr.sun- 7D corresponded to the genomic location of Yr18 and QYr.sun- 7B remains to be formally named. QYr.sun- 1B, QYr.sun- 5B, and QYr.sun- 6B were detected during more than one season irrespective of the Pst pathotypes used, whereas QYr.sun- 3B was identified only during the 2003 crop season. QYr.sun- 1A contributed by Janz, and QYr.sun- 2A from Kukri, were detected only against Pst pathotypes 110 E143A+ and 134 E16A+, respectively. The DH lines showing better resistance than the either parent carried combinations of 4 to 6 QTL. These lines are currently being used as stripe rust resistance donors in wheat breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian durum cultivar Wollaroi produced low leaf rust responses in the field since its release in 1993. A recombinant inbred line population was developed from a cross of Wollaroi with a susceptible landrace Bansi. Monogenic inheritance of low seedling leaf rust response against the Puccinia triticina pathotype 104-1,2,3,6,(7),(11),13 was observed. This gene was temporarily designated as LrWo. A DArT based map of Wollaroi/Bansi was used to determine the genomic location of LrWo and it was mapped in chromosome 5BS. Following enrichment of the DArT map of chromosome 5BS with SSR markers, LrWo was flanked by gwm234 (7.2 cM) and wPt-1420 (20.3 cM) distally and proximally, respectively. A previously characterised gene Lr52 was also located on the chromosome arm 5BS, proximal to gwm234. Based on genetic association with the marker gwm234 at a similar distance, we concluded that LrWo could be either Lr52 or is another allele of this locus. Based on infection type comparison the latter argument seems more plausible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent introduction of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) pathotype 134 E16A+ in Western Australia differed from existing pathotypes in its virulence for stripe rust resistance genes Yr8 and Yr9, and avirulence for Yr3, Yr4, Yr34 and some uncharacterized sources of resistance . The Australian wheat cultivar Rubric exhibited a very low seedling stripe rust response when tested against the Pst pathotype 134 E16A+. Genetic analysis of a Rubric/Avocet ‘S’ F3 population indicated monogenic inheritance of resistance. The resistance gene was tentatively designated YrRub. Bulked segregant analysis using multiplex-ready PCR technology placed YrRub distal to the microsatellite marker barc75 in chromosome 3BS. Follow up studies mapped SSR marker cfb3530 between YrRub (2.9 ± 1.3 cM) and barc75 (2.4 ± 1.2 cM). Genotypes Bolac, EMU ‘S’, Nesser, Hybrid 46 ( Yr4) and Avalon ( Yr4) amplified the YrRub-linked barc75 and cfb3530 alleles. The amplification of PCR products similar to that of Rubric in Yr4-carrying cultivars Hybrid 46 and Avalon suggested that YrRub was most likely to be Yr4. Due to unavailability of genotypes carrying Yr4 singly, test of allelism was not possible. Thirty-eight Australian wheat cultivars known to lack YrRub, an advanced breeding line WAWHT2046 ( Yr34) and Vilmorin 23 ( Yr3) amplified PCR products different from that of Rubric at the barc75 and cfb3530 marker loci. The amplification of non-Rubric alleles at the marker barc75 and cfb3530 loci among a set of diverse wheat genotypes demonstrated that these markers could be used for marker assisted selection of YrRub in combination with other molecularly tagged seedling and adult plant stripe rust resistance genes in wheat breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between the winter wheat cultivars Arina and Forno was used to study the genetic relationship between genes Yr1 and SrAn1 in chromosome 2AL. Yr1 from Forno showed repulsion linkage (16·5 cM) with SrAn1 carried by Arina and was proximal to SrAn1. Based on the chromosomal location of SrAn1 with respect to Yr1 and its ineffectiveness against the Australian Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici pathotype 34-1,2,7 + Sr38, it was concluded that SrAn1 is distinct from Sr21 and was designated as Sr48. An attempt was made to map more markers in the distal region of chromosome 2AL in order to determine the precise location of Sr48. Unfortunately none of the markers tested mapped between Yr1 and Sr48, with the latter being the most distal locus. However, close linkage was identified between Yr1 and the PCR-based molecular marker stm673acag. Genotyping with stm673acag amplified a 120-bp fragment in eight of nine genotypes carrying Yr1. Avocet S was the only line tested without Yr1 that also amplified the 120-bp product. A 124-bp product was amplified in 40 Australian wheat cultivars known to lack Yr1. These results suggest that stm673acag could be used for marker assisted selection of Yr1. Genotypes carrying both Yr1 and Sr48 were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from the cross Arina/Forno was field tested for 2 years against Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici under artificially created epidemic conditions. Both parents showed intermediate adult plant stem rust responses and the RIL population showed continuous variation for this trait. Composite interval mapping identified genomic regions controlling low stem rust response on chromosomes 5B and 7D consistently across all experiments. These genomic regions were named QSr.Sun-5BL and QSr.Sun-7DS and explained on an average 12% and 26% of the phenotypic variation in adult plant stem rust response, respectively. QSr.Sun-5BL mapped close to Xglk0354 and was contributed by Arina. The Lr34-linked markers csLV34 and swm10 were closely associated with QSr.Sun-7DS suggesting the involvement of Lr34 in controlling adult plant stem rust response of cultivar Forno. Additional minor and inconsistent QTLs explaining variation in adult plant stem rust response were identified on chromosome arms 1AS and 7BL. The QTL located on chromosome 7BL corresponded to the stem rust resistance gene Sr17 carried by cultivar Forno. A seedling stem rust resistance gene carried by Arina, SrAn1, was ineffective under field conditions and was mapped on the long arm of chromosome 2A. Genotypes carrying combinations of QSr.Sun-5BL and QSr.Sun-7DS based on positive alleles of the respective closest marker loci Xglk0354 and XcsLV34 or Xswm10 exhibited a lower response than either parent indicating an additive effect of these genes. Transfer of these genes into cultivars carrying Sr2 would provide a more effective and durable resistance against the stem rust pathogen. Markers csLV34 and/or swm10 could be used in marker assisted selection of QSr.Sun-7DS in breeding programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hypersensitive adult plant resistance genes Lr48 and Lr49 were named based on their genetic independence of the known adult plant resistance genes. This study was planned to determine genomic locations of these genes. Recombinant inbred line populations derived from crosses involving CSP44 and VL404, sources of Lr48 and Lr49, respectively, and the susceptible parent WL711, were used to determine the genomic locations of these genes. Bulked segregant analyses were performed using multiplex-ready PCR technology. Lr48 in genotype CSP44 was mapped on chromosome arm 2BS flanked by marker loci Xgwm429b (6.1 cM) and Xbarc7 (7.3 cM) distally and proximally, respectively. Leaf rust resistance gene Lr13, carried by the alternate parent WL711, was proximal to Lr48 and was flanked by Xksm58 (5.1 cM) and Xstm773-2 (8.7 cM). Lr49 was flanked by Xbarc163 (8.1 cM) and Xwmc349 (10.1 cM) on chromosome arm 4BL. The likely presence of the durable leaf rust resistance gene Lr34 in both CSP44 and VL404 was confirmed using the tightly linked marker csLV34. Near-isogenic lines for Lr48 and Lr49 were developed in cultivar Lal Bahadur. Genotypes combining Lr13 and/or Lr34 with Lr48 or Lr49 were identified as potential donor sources for cultivar development programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the genetics of leaf and stripe rust resistance in a bread wheat cultivar Tonichi. It states that leaf rust and stripe rust are the major foliar disease of wheat, resulting in yield loss worldwide. Results of the study suggest that the cultivar has hypersensitive adult plant resistance genes effective against leaf rust. The study also notes that the cultivar may be useful in developing cultivars with resistance to leaf rust and stripe rust diseases.

The wheat stem rust fungus, Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt), race TTKSK and related races pose a serious threat to world wheat production. Knowing the effectiveness of wheat stem rust resistance (Sr) genes against Pgt race TTKSK is fundamental in mitigating this threat through resistance breeding. Sr15 was previously identified as being ineffective against Pgt race TTKSK. Here, multirace disease phenotyping data, linkage analyses, allelism testing and haplotype analyses are presented to support the conclusion that Sr15 is effective against Pgt race TTKSK. Resistance to race TTKSK was mapped to Sr15 in a biparental population. Thirty‐two accessions with Sr15 displayed seedling resistance phenotypes against race TTKSK. However, these accessions were susceptible as seedlings at high temperatures (22–25 °C), consistent with previous reports that the interaction between avirulent Pgt isolates and Sr15 is temperature‐sensitive. Markers STS638, wri4 and KASP_IWB30995 were found to predict the presence of Sr15, suggesting the utility of these assays for marker‐assisted selection in breeding programmes. The effectiveness of Sr15 to specific Pgt races and temperatures makes it a less‐desirable TTKSK‐effective gene. Wheat lines assayed as resistant to race TTKSK at the seedling stage may possess Sr15 and breeders should be aware of the limitations of Sr15 for conferring stem rust resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Australian continent was free from wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici until exotic incursions occurred in 1979 mid 2002. The 2002 incursion enabled the identification of a new stripe rust resistance gene (Yr34) in the advanced breeding line WAWHT2046. In this study, we developed and validated markers closely linked with Yr34, which is located in the distal region in the long arm of chromosome 5A. Four kompetitive allele-specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) and three sequencetagged site (STS) markers derived from the International Wheat Genome Sequencing Consortium RefSeq v 1.0 scaffold-77836 cosegregated with Yr34. Markers sun711, sun7I2, sun725, sunKASP_109, and sunKASP_112 were shown to be suitable for marker-assisted selection in a validation panel of 71 Australian spring wheat genotypes, with the exception of cultivar Orion that carried the Kr34-linked alleles for sunKASP_I09 mid sunKASP_l 12. Markers previously reported to be linked with adult plant snipe rust resistance gene Yr48 also cosegregated with Yr34. Wheat genotypes carrying Yr34 and Yr48 produced identical haplotypes for the Kr34-linked markers identified in this study and those previously reported to be linked with Yr48. Phenotypic testing of genotypes carrying Yr34 and Yr48 showed that both genes conferred similar seedling responses to pre-2002 and post-2002 P. striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotypes. Further testing of 600 F2 plants from a cross between WAWHT2046 and RIL143 (Yr48) with P. striiformis f. sp. tritici pathotype 134 E16A+Yr17+Yr27+ failed to reveal any susceptible segregants. Our results strongly suggest that Yr34 and Yr48 are the same gene, and that Yr48 should be considered a synonym of Yr34. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Caldwell' is a US soft red winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) that has partial, adult plant resistance to the leaf rust pathogen Puccinia triticina Eriks. A line of 'Thatcher*2/Caldwell' with adult plant resistance derived from Caldwell was crossed with 'Thatcher' to develop a population of recombinant inbred lines (RILs). The parents and RIL population were evaluated for segregation of leaf rust resistance in four field tests. A genetic map of the RIL population was constructed using 90K single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers with the Illumina Infinium iSelect 90K wheat bead array. Significant effects for reduction of leaf rust severity in all four tests were found for a quantitative trait locus on chromosome 3BS. Simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers linked to the adult plant resistance gene Lr74 and kompetitive allele specific polymerase chain reaction (KASP) assay markers were added to the map on chromosome 3BS. Thatcher and the resistant Thatcher*2/Caldwell parent were negative for the presence of Sr2 on chromosome 3BS based on the tightly linked marker csSr2. The SSR marker cfb5006 linked closely to Lr74 mapped the closest to the logarithm of odds peak for leaf rust resistance on chromosome 3BS. The SNP and SSR markers on chromosome 3BS can be used to add Caldwell leaf rust resistance to wheat breeding germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Molecular mapping of rust resistance genes was investigated in the doubled haploid (DH) population derived from a hybrid between a line DM5637*B8 and an Australian wheat variety H45. The DH population was grown at the University of Sydney's Plant Breeding Institute site at Cobbitty in 2006 and 2007. The Diversity Array Technology (DArT) approach was employed to genotype the population. Resistance genes Yr7, Sr36 and Lr13 mapped on chromosome 2B, while linked stem rust and leaf rust resistance genes Sr24 and Lr24 were placed on the long arm of chromosome 3D. Rust resistant loci Sr36, Lr13 and Yr7 were flanked by the marker loci wPt-0395 and wPt-0981. The rust resistance gene combination, Sr24/Lr24, was flanked by DArT markers wPt-7752 and wPt-8845 on chromosome 3D. QTL analysis for adult plant stripe rust responses indicated the involvement of chromosomes 2B, 3B, 4B and 5B. QTL on chromosome 4B (QYr.sun-4B) can be revealed as the second component of YrA. Two QTLs (QLr.sun-2B and QLr.sun-3D) detected on chromosomes 2B and 3D, controlling low leaf rust response, corresponded to genomic locations of seedling leaf rust resistance genes Lr13 and Lr24. DM/H45 population possessed low Polyphenoloxidase (PPO) activity, good YAN colour stability and sprouting tolerance. The lines of this population were identified having high levels of adult plant rust (APR) to rust diseases and having good end-use quality. Genetic associations of DArT markers with rust resistance genes Lr13, Sr36, Yr7 and Lr24/Sr24 would be useful to identify PCR-based markers for tracing these genes in diverse wheat germplasm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aegilops umbellulata, a non-progenitor diploid species, is an excellent source of resistance to various wheat diseases. Leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes from A. umbellulata were transferred to the susceptible wheat cultivar WL711 through induced homoeologous pairing. A doubly resistant introgression line IL 393-4 was crossed with wheat cultivar PBW343 to develop a mapping population. Tests on BC2F7 RILs indicated monogenic inheritance of seedling leaf rust and stripe rust resistance in IL 393-4 and the respective co-segregating genes were tentatively named LrUmb and YrUmb. Bulked segregant analysis placed LrUmb and YrUmb in chromosome 5 DS, 7.6 cM distal to gwm190. Aegilops geniculata-derived and completely linked leaf rust and stripe rust resistance genes Lr57 and Yr40 were previously located in chromosome 5 DS. STS marker Lr57/ Yr40 MAS- CAPS16 ( Lr57/ Yr40- CAPS16), linked with Lr57/ Yr40 (T756) also co-segregated with LrUmb/ YrUmb. Seedling infection types differentiated LrUmb from Lr57. Absence of leaf rust-susceptible segregants among F3 families of the intercross ( IL 393-4/T756) indicated repulsion linkage between LrUmb and Lr57. YrUmb expressed a consistently low seedling response under greenhouse conditions, whereas Yr40 expressed a higher seedling response. Based on the origin of LrUmb/ YrUmb from the U genome and Lr57/ Yr40 from the M genome, as well as phenotypic differences, LrUmb and YrUmb were formally named Lr76 and Yr70, respectively. These genes have been transferred to Indian wheat cultivars PBW343 and PBW550, and advanced breeding lines are being tested in state and national trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum) is an important crop in South Asia and epidemics of stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, can impact negatively on food security. In a pro-active assessment of the risk posed by this disease, germplasm collections received from Bangladesh and Nepal in 2011 were screened for their response to Sr31-virulent stem rust races belonging to the Ug99 group. According to a molecular marker assay, 44% of Bangladesh lines and 48% of Nepal lines contained Sr31. In seedling tests, most entries were susceptible to P. graminis f. sp. tritici race PTKST, confirming the ineffectiveness of Sr31. No lines contained Sr24 or Sr36, two major genes that have been overcome by races within the Ug99 group. Despite seedling susceptibility, many lines exhibited high levels of adult plant resistance in the field. The presence of the Sr2 marker allele of csSr2 in some of these lines indicated that this gene is likely to play a role in the adult plant resistance observed. This study showed that sufficient protection to Ug99 exists in Bangladesh and Nepal wheat germplasm, and that the appropriate release of resistant cultivars will insure against a possible future incursion of this dangerous pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stripe rust, caused by Puccinia striifonnis f. sp. tritici W., is a devastating disease of wheat worldwide. A new stripe rust resistance gene with moderate seedling and adult plant resistance was mapped using an F5 recombinant inbred line (RIL) population developed from the cross of the resistant parent 'Almop' with the susceptible parent 'Avocet'. The parents and RILs were phenotyped for seedling stripe rust response variation in a greenhouse and in field trials at Toluca, Mexico for 2 years. Almop showed moderate levels of resistance at both seedling and adult plant stages compared with the highly susceptible response of Avocet. The distribution of homozygous resistant, homozygous susceptible, and segregating RILs conformed to segregation at a single locus. Seedlings and adult plant responses were correlated, indicating that the same gene conferred resistance at both stages. A bulk segregant analysis approach with widely distributed simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers mapped the resistance gene to the distal region of the long arm of chromosome 4A. The SSR marker wmc776 cosegregated with this gene, whereas markers wmc219 and wmc313 were tightly linked and both located at 0.6 centimorgans. The resistance locus was designated Yr60. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Leaf rust is a widespread and commonly occurring rust disease of wheat. Genetic resistance is the most economical method of reducing losses due to leaf rust. Lr15 has been shown to be present on wheat chromosome 2D and is reported to be a seedling resistance gene. However, tightly linked markers associated with Lr15 have not been reported to date. To identify molecular markers linked to Lr15, an F mapping population of Thatcher × Thatcher- Lr15 was generated. Available wheat simple sequence repeat markers were utilized in parental screening and polymorphic markers were used to analyze the entire population of 221 plants. Phenotypic evaluations of the F-derived F progenies with Puccinia triticina Eriks. pathotype 162A (93R15) confirmed the monogenic inheritance of Lr15. The linkage group representing chromosome 2DS was constructed at LOD 4.0 which revealed the closest flanking markers Xgwm4562 and Xgwm102 at a distance of 3.1 and 9.3 cM, respectively. Furthermore, utilization of these flanking markers in combination has successfully identified wheat lines with or without Lr15. These markers could potentially be useful in gene pyramiding with other genes to enhance rust resistance in wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic studies were undertaken to determine the inheritance and genomic location of uncharacterised seedling resistance to leaf rust, caused by Puccinia hordei, in the barley cultivar Ricardo. The resistance was shown to be conferred by a single dominant gene, which was tentatively designated RphRic. Bulk segregant analysis (BSA) and genetic mapping of an F mapping population using multiplex-ready SSR genotyping and Illumina GoldenGate SNP assay located RphRic in chromosome 4H. Given that this is the first gene for leaf rust resistance mapped on chromosome 4H, it was designated Rph21. The presence of an additional gene, Rph2, in Ricardo, was confirmed by the test of allelism. The seedling gene Rph21 has shown effectiveness against all Australian pathotypes of P. hordei tested since at least 1992 and hence represents a new and useful source of resistance to this pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses on the relation of a swollen chest of a man to his respiratory organ condition. The examination conducted to a man revealed that a large multiloculated radiolucent area in the right lung field suggested a pulmonary tuberculosis with infected extrathoracic pneumatocele. The sputum tested from him was also positive with Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The man was then subjected to a tuberculosis treatment which eventually improved his health and reduces the swollen chest.

A genetic linkage map, based on a cross between the synthetic hexaploid CPI133872 and the bread wheat cultivar Janz, was established using 111 F1-derived doubled haploid lines. The population was phenotyped in multiple years and/or locations for seven disease resistance traits, namely, Septoria tritici blotch ( Mycosphaeralla graminicola), yellow leaf spot also known as tan spot ( Pyrenophora tritici-repentis), stripe rust ( Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici), leaf rust ( Puccinia triticina), stem rust ( Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici) and two species of root-lesion nematode ( Pratylenchyus thornei and P. neglectus). The DH population was also scored for coleoptile colour and the presence of the seedling leaf rust resistance gene Lr24. Implementation of a multiple-QTL model identified a tightly linked cluster of foliar disease resistance QTL in chromosome 3DL. Major QTL each for resistance to Septoria tritici blotch and yellow leaf spot were contributed by the synthetic hexaploid parent CPI133872 and linked in repulsion with the coincident Lr24/Sr24 locus carried by parent Janz. This is the first report of linked QTL for Septoria tritici blotch and yellow leaf spot contributed by the same parent. Additional QTL for yellow leaf spot were detected in 5AS and 5BL. Consistent QTL for stripe rust resistance were identified in chromosomes 1BL, 4BL and 7DS, with the QTL in 7DS corresponding to the Yr18/Lr34 region. Three major QTL for P. thornei resistance (2BS, 6DS, 6DL) and two for P. neglectus resistance (2BS, 6DS) were detected. The recombinants combining resistance to Septoria tritici blotch, yellow leaf spot, rust diseases and root-lesion nematodes from parents CPI133872 and Janz constitute valuable germplasm for the transfer of multiple disease resistance into new wheat cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of major resistance genes is a cost-effective strategy for preventing stem rust epidemics in wheat crops. The stem rust resistance gene Sr39 provides resistance to all currently known pathotypes of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici (Pgt) including Ug99 (TTKSK) and was introgressed together with leaf rust resistance gene Lr35 conferring adult plant resistance to P. triticina (Pt), into wheat from Aegilops speltoides. It has not been used extensively in wheat breeding because of the presumed but as yet undocumented negative agronomic effects associated with Ae. speltoides chromatin. This investigation reports the production of a set of recombinants with shortened Ae. speltoides segments through induction of homoeologous recombination between the wheat and the Ae. speltoides chromosome. Simple PCR-based DNA markers were developed for resistant and susceptible genotypes (Sr39#22r and Sr39#50s) and validated across a set of recombinant lines and wheat cultivars. These markers will facilitate the pyramiding of ameliorated sources of Sr39 with other stem rust resistance genes that are effective against the Pgt pathotype TTKSK and its variants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]