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Background: Research has indicated that long-term sleep deprivation can lead to immune dysfunction and participate in the occurance and progression of tumors. However, the relationship between sleep deprivation and colon cancer remains unclear. This study explored the specific mechanism through which sleep deprivation promotes the proliferation and migration of colon cancer, with a focus on the neurotransmitter GABA. Methods: Chronic sleep deprivation mice model were used to investigate the effect of sleep disorder on tumors. We detected neurotransmitter levels in the peripheral blood of mice using ELISA. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of GABA on colon cancer cells, while immunofluorescence showed the distribution of macrophages in lung metastatic tissues. We isolated exosomes from a GABA-induced culture medium to explore the effects of GABA-induced colon cancer cells on macrophages. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, luciferase report analysis, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine detection were performed to reveal the crosstalk between colon cancer cells and macrophages. Results: Sleep deprivation promote peripheral blood GABA level and colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that GABA-induced colon cancer metastasis is associated with enhanced recruitment of macrophages in the lungs. The co-culture results showed that GABA intensified M2 polarization of macrophage induced by colon cancer cells. This effect is due to the activation of the macrophage MAPK pathway by tumor-derived exosomal miR-223-3p. Furthermore, M2-like macrophages promote tumor proliferation and migration by secreting IL-17. We also identified an endogenous miR-223-3p downregulation of the E3 ligase CBLB, which enhances the stability of cMYC protein and augments colon cancer cells proliferation and migration ability. Notably, cMYC acts as a transcription factor and can also regulate the expression of miR-223-3p. Conclusion: Our results suggest that sleep deprivation can promote the expression of miR-223-3p in colon cancer cells through GABA, leading to downregulation of the E3 ligase CBLB and inhibition of cMYC ubiquitination. Simultaneously, extracellular miR-223-3p promotes M2-like macrophage polarization, which leads to the secretion of IL-17, further enhancing the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Research has indicated that long-term sleep deprivation can lead to immune dysfunction and participate in the occurance and progression of tumors. However, the relationship between sleep deprivation and colon cancer remains unclear. This study explored the specific mechanism through which sleep deprivation promotes the proliferation and migration of colon cancer, with a focus on the neurotransmitter GABA. Methods: Chronic sleep deprivation mice model were used to investigate the effect of sleep disorder on tumors. We detected neurotransmitter levels in the peripheral blood of mice using ELISA. CCK-8 assay, colony formation assay, wound healing assay, and transwell assay were performed to investigate the effect of GABA on colon cancer cells, while immunofluorescence showed the distribution of macrophages in lung metastatic tissues. We isolated exosomes from a GABA-induced culture medium to explore the effects of GABA-induced colon cancer cells on macrophages. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments, luciferase report analysis, immunohistochemistry, and cytokine detection were performed to reveal the crosstalk between colon cancer cells and macrophages. Results: Sleep deprivation promote peripheral blood GABA level and colon cancer cell proliferation and migration. Immunofluorescence analysis revealed that GABA-induced colon cancer metastasis is associated with enhanced recruitment of macrophages in the lungs. The co-culture results showed that GABA intensified M2 polarization of macrophage induced by colon cancer cells. This effect is due to the activation of the macrophage MAPK pathway by tumor-derived exosomal miR-223-3p. Furthermore, M2-like macrophages promote tumor proliferation and migration by secreting IL-17. We also identified an endogenous miR-223-3p downregulation of the E3 ligase CBLB, which enhances the stability of cMYC protein and augments colon cancer cells proliferation and migration ability. Notably, cMYC acts as a transcription factor and can also regulate the expression of miR-223-3p. Conclusion: Our results suggest that sleep deprivation can promote the expression of miR-223-3p in colon cancer cells through GABA, leading to downregulation of the E3 ligase CBLB and inhibition of cMYC ubiquitination. Simultaneously, extracellular miR-223-3p promotes M2-like macrophage polarization, which leads to the secretion of IL-17, further enhancing the proliferation and migration of colon cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increasing number of large cities have experienced urban village transformation because of the rapid industrialization and urbanization in China. Extant literature largely focuses on urban village transformation and its ensuing developments. This research examined the social welfare change through six welfare categories of indicators, namely, economic condition, dwelling condition, development opportunity, social security, living environment, and psychology. Value change in fuzzy membership was used to reveal the changes in social welfare for rural migrants before and after urban village transformation. Data were collected from questionnaires distributed in four cities of Zhejiang Province in 2014. Fuzzy assessment model was developed to analyze the collected data. Results corroborated that nearly all the values of the welfare categories decreased, except for the value of dwelling condition. The findings confirmed that the rural migrants do not primarily receive the benefits of urban village transformation. In addition, such transformation does not improve urban village harmony. Various measures should be applied to improve rural migrant welfare, including enhancing rural migrant settlement intention, encouraging rural migrants to return to their respective hometowns, and implementing policies for regionally differentiated welfare rights. The findings of this study can provide references for local governments to substantially implement urban village transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapid urbanization in China has resulted in the inability of land-lost farmers, who are considered to lack sufficient human capital. Few studies have been conducted to investigate the effects of social network and land expropriation on the human capital of land-lost farmers. Therefore, effective improvement of land-lost farmers’ human capital remains unknown. To address this gap, this study investigates the effects of social network on the human capital of land-lost farmers and the moderating effects of land expropriation with the case of Zhejiang Province in China. Regression is used to examine the effects of social network, which is measured by network scale (NS), network intensity (NI), and mutual trust (MT), on human capital. Hierarchical regression is used to examine the moderating effects of land expropriation, which is measured by land location (LL) and settlement mode (SM). The study indicates that NS, NI, and MT have more positive effects on human capital under the moderating role of LL. However, only NS and NI have more positive effects, yet MT has insignificant effects on human capital under the moderating role of SM. The results indicate that land expropriation scenarios affect the relationship among social network and human capital to some extent. The findings can facilitate the local governments formulate appropriate policies that promote human capital among land-lost farmers through enhancing social network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land expropriation frequently occurs during the rapid urbanization process in China. The manner in which land-lost farmers are settled has been a great concern for the government and the academe. However, it appears that few studies, if not none, have investigated the conspicuous consumption behavior of land-lost farmers. This deficiency limited the effectiveness of the current policies for resettling land-lost farmers in the new urbanization process in China. To mitigate this deficiency, this research identified key factors affecting the conspicuous consumption behavior of land-lost farmers. Three hypotheses were postulated based on theoretical studies and practical observations in Zhejiang Province. Logistic regression was used to evaluate the significance of these factors on conspicuous consumption behavior. This research found that the personal values of land-lost farmers and the utilitarian influence of reference groups have significant positive effects on their conspicuous consumption behavior and that the social identity of land-lost farmers has a significant negative effect on their conspicuous consumption behavior. The findings can facilitate local governments to create appropriate policies in order to reduce conspicuous consumption behavior. Thus, the social resources that contributed to the resettlement of these land-lost farmers can be effectively utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, financial technology (FinTech) regulations have been split between promotion and regulation. Under the evolving relationship between regulators and financial institutions, achieving a win-win situation between financial institutions' FinTech innovation and effective regulation is a significant issue, both in practice and theory, that needs an immediate solution. This study extensively demonstrates the behavioral strategies and game outcomes of regulators and financial institutions by constructing four evolutionary game models. In addition, it aims to disclose the game relationship between regulators and financial institutions. Furthermore, this study reveals the experimental results following the numerical simulation of game activities between regulators and financial institutions using MTALAB R2018b, based on data from a commercial bank in China. Finally, this study provides effective recommendations for both regulators and financial institutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poloxamer 188 (P188) has been reported to reseal plasma membranes and attenuate TBI-induced neuronal death by suppressing apoptosis. Recent studies also confirm increased autophagy after traumatic brain injury (TBI). The present study aimed to investigate the effects of plasmalemmal resealing by P188 on neuronal autophagy in TBI. Scratch test was performed in rat cell line PC-12 in vitro, followed by immunofluorescence analysis of LC3 24 h after PC-12 cell stretch-injury in vitro. CD1 mice were randomized into saline and P188-treatment groups (both undergoing intravenous injection of 4 mg/ml, 100 μl via the caudal vein 30 min after TBI) as well as sham group. To analyze the effect of P188 on autophagy, the LC3 protein levels were assessed by western blotting 1 h, 6 h, 12 h, 24 h, and 48 h after TBI. The autophagy-associated protein levels of Beclin-1, Bcl-2, and p62 were likewise determined. In vitro, the scratch test showed that the wound healing rate was significantly improved at 12 h and 24 h in P188 groups, and LC3 immunofluorescence analysis indicated that P188 induced extensive formation of LC3 puncta in PC-12 cells. In vivo, western blotting analyses revealed elevations of the LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1/bcl-2 ratios as well as downregulation of p62 in the saline group, in contrast with the more significant increases of LC3-II/LC3-I and Beclin-1/bcl-2 ratios and the further downregulation of p62 in P188-treated group. These results revealed that plasma membranes were resealed after TBI, in which P188 aggravated autophagy in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The urban water security is an important part of urban ecological security, which is directly related to the sustainable development of urban society and economy. A comprehensive evaluation of the urban water security is a complex, vague and multi-level evaluation process. This paper presents a Vague set-based water security evaluation method and establishes a similarity measure model of Vague sets. AHP and Delphi methods are used to conduct index weighting in order to evaluate the level of urban water security assurance. The empirical study is done on the case study of Chengdu, China. Among the nine indexes of the city water security evaluation, the index values for socio-economic environment and socio-economic pressure are 0.24 and 0.41 respectively, which indicates that there is a relatively greater pressure on the city's social, economic and environmental pillars. The WSAI values of water resource index and water environment pressure are 0.94 and 0.96 respectively. These relatively higher values show that the city's water resources are relatively fully exploited and its environment is relatively well-protected. The similarity measure evaluation model of Vague sets can be used to quantitatively evaluate the degree of urban water security support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adipocytokine apelin-13 is a peptide which could reportedly protect the brain against ischemic reperfusion injury and traumatic brain injury (TBI). Whether apelin-13 has any roles to play in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) has not been clarified. We aimed to investigate the roles of apelin-13 in ICH and effects on ICH-induced apoptosis. Firstly, CD-1 mice were subjected to infusion of Type IV collagenase (to induce ICH) or saline (for shams) into the left striatum. ICH animals received intracerebroventricular administration of vehicle, apelin-13 (50 μg dissolved in 5 μl saline) immediately after ICH. The motor function and the cerebral water content (CWC) as well as blood brain barrier (BBB) disruption were measured, coupled with determination of ICH-induced neural cell death by Terminal-deoxynucleoitidyl Transferase Mediated Nick End Labeling (TUNEL). The apoptosis-associated proteins caspase-3 and Bcl-2 as well as the brain edema-associated proteins aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and MMP-9 were all assessed with western blotting. The results showed that apelin-13 decreased CWC and reduced Evans blue leakage into injured hemispheres, with the motor function significantly improved. Additionally, apelin-13 also acutely decreased the number of ICH-induced TUNEL-positive (TUNEL + ) cells at 48 h after ICH. The expressions of AQP4, MMP-9, caspse-3 and Bcl-2 were all downregulated by apelin-13 at 24 h and 48 h after ICH. All these results revealed that apelin-13 attenuated brain edema and reduced cellular death by suppressing apoptosis after ICH in mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid urbanization and industry development, China has witnessed substantial land acquisition. Monetary compensation is usually adopted to settle down land-lost farmers. However, in this manner of compensation, land-lost farmers find settling down in cities and achieving civilization difficult. Promoting entrepreneurship has been suggested to be a sustainable approach to settle down land-lost farmers. However, only a few studies have been conducted to investigate the effect of land expropriation on land-lost farmers' entrepreneurial action. Therefore, how to effectively promote entrepreneurship among land-lost farmers remains unknown. To mitigate this deficiency, this study examines the effect of land expropriation on land-lost farmers' entrepreneurial action through the case of Zhejiang Province in China. Regression is used to examine the effect of land location, amount of compensation, and entrepreneurship policy on land-lost farmers' entrepreneurial action. Land location has a significant positive role, whereas amount of compensation has a significant negative role in initiating land-lost farmers’ entrepreneurship. The results of this study can facilitate the local government to make appropriate policies to promote entrepreneurship among land-lost farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High-speed rail is a large-scale form of public infrastructure that delivers obvious public benefits and economic externalities. The effects of high-speed rail on housing prices are significant, generating positive effects such as increased accessibility between cities as well as negative impacts such as noise pollution. The development of housing projects and urban spaces that surround high-speed rail stations can be improved by scientifically examining the effects of high-speed rail stations on housing prices. In examining the Beijing high-speed rail station, this study develops a hedonic model to study the effects of a high-speed rail station on housing prices at varying geographical spatial ranges. Research shows that greater accessibility between cities, increased investment attractiveness, and an expansion of public service infrastructure results from the establishment of high-speed rail stations, which in turn positively affects housing prices. However, traffic congestion, electromagnetic radiation pollution, noise, and higher crime rates negatively affect housing prices. Spatial variations in housing prices result from the combined effects of positive and negative impacts. From the research result that housing price increases with an decline in distance between houses and high-speed rail stations within (0.891 km, 11.704 km) by the influence of high-speed rail station, and thus we recommend that residential land-transferring fee premiums resulting from high-speed rail station construction should be dedicated to the construction of affordable housing. In addition, housing price declines with an decline in distance between houses and high-speed rail stations within (0.475 km, 0.891 km), and thus regarding negative impacts of high-speed rail stations on housing prices, we recommend that compensation be made available to homeowners residing in affected regions. While land use intensities and urban space layouts should be considered during the planning of high-speed rail stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Land acquisition and demolition (LAD) provides large-scale non-agricultural construction land for China's rapid economic development and urbanization. Considering the shift from housing resettlement to monetary compensation, the number of relocated households becoming wealthy overnight during LAD have increased substantially. Relocated households that received high compensation likely experience a serious psychological impact and maybe unable to reasonably allocate their household assets. Although a few studies have investigated household asset allocation (HAA) of relocated households, the key influencing factors remain unknown. This study uses a regression model on the basis of the empirical research conducted in Hangzhou to mitigate this deficiency. The regression model analyzes HAA of relocated households from the perspectives of psychological cognition and external environmental stimuli. Empirical results revealed the following: first, mental accounting and social conformity have positive impacts on daily expense, leveraged, and long-term income accounts, and social conformity has a positive impact on investment accounts additionally; second, monetary compensation affects daily expense and investment accounts positively, financial market affects investment and long-term income accounts negatively, and social security affects investment and long-term income accounts positively; third, external stimuli partly moderated the relationship between psychological cognition and HAA. The findings can provide useful references for local governments to optimize the resettlement policy and also facilitate relocated households to allocate their assets reasonably. We construct a theoretical model of household asset allocation of relocated households and then use a regression model to analyze the impact of psychological cognition and external environmental stimuli on household asset allocation, and further provides suggestions for the government to formulate appropriate policies, for helping relocated households rationally allocate and adjust their household assets. [Display omitted] • Construct a theoretical model of household asset allocation (HAA) of relocated households. • Investigate the impact of psychological cognition and external environmental stimuli on HAA of relocated households. • Facilitate the government to formulate appropriate policies to assist HAA of relocated households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China has experienced considerable economic growth since 1978, which was accompanied by unprecedented growth in urbanization and, more recently, by associated rising urban housing and land banking issues. One such issue is that of land hoarding – where real estate developers purchase land to hold unused in the rising market for a future lucrative sale, often several years later. This practice is outlawed in China, where land use is controlled by increasingly strengthened Government policies and inspectors. Despite this, land hoarding continues apace, with the main culprits being the developers and inspectors working subversively. This resembles a game between two players – the inspector and the developer – which provides the setting for this paper in developing an evolutionary game theory model to provide insights into dealing with the dilemmas faced by the players. The logic and dilemma of land banking strategy and illegal land banking issues are analysed, along with the land inspector's role from a game theory perspective by determining the replication dynamic mechanism and evolutionary stable strategies under the various conditions that the players face. The major factors influencing the actions of land inspectors, on the other hand, are the costs of inspection, no matter if it is strict or indolent, conflict costs, and income and penalties from corruption. From this, it is shown that, when the net loss for corruption (income from corruption minus the penalties for corruption and cost of strict inspections) is less than the cost of strict inspections, the final evolutionary stable strategy of the inspectors is to carry out indolent inspections. Then, whether penalising developers for hoarding is severe or not, the evolutionary strategy for the developer is to hoard. The implications for land use control mechanisms and associated developer-inspector actions and counteractions are then examined in the light of the model's properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing can provide spatio-temporal continuous Earth observation data and is becoming the main data source for spatial and temporal analysis. Remote sensing data have been widely used in applications such as meteorological monitoring, forest investigation, environmental health, urban planning, and water conservancy. While long-time-series remote sensing data are used for spatio-temporal analysis, this analysis is usually limited because of the large data volumes and complex models used. This study intends to develop an innovative and simple approach to reveal the spatio-temporal characteristics of geographic features from the perspective of remote sensing data themselves. We defined an efficient remote sensing data structure, namely time ring (TR) data, to depict the spatio-temporal dynamics of two common geographic features. One is spatially expansive features. Taking nighttime light (NTL) as an example, we generated a NTL TR map to exhibit urban expansion with spatial and temporal information. The speed and acceleration maps of NTL TR data indicated extraordinary expansion in the last 10 years, especially in coastal cities and provincial capitals. Beijing, Tianjin, Hebei Province, Shandong Province, and Jiangsu Province exhibited fast acceleration of urbanization. The other is spatially contractive features. We took forest loss in the Amazon basin as an example and produced a forest cover TR map. The speed and acceleration were mapped in two 10-year periods (2000–2010 and 2010–2020) in order to observe the changes in Amazon forest cover. Then, combining cropland TR data, we determined the consistency of the spatio-temporal variations and used a linear regression model to detect the association between the acceleration of cropland and forest. The forest TR map showed that, spatially, there was an apparent phenomenon of forest loss occurring in the southern and eastern Amazon basin. Temporally, the speed of forest loss was more drastic between 2000 and 2010 than that in 2010–2020. In addition, the acceleration of forest loss showed a dispersed distribution, except for in Bolivia, which demonstrated a concentrated regional acceleration. The R-squared value of the linear regression between forest and cropland acceleration reached 0.75, indicating that forest loss was closely linked to the expansion of cropland. The TR data defined in this study not only optimized the use of remote sensing data, but also facilitated their application in spatio-temporal integrative analysis. More importantly, multi-field TR data could be jointly applied to explore the driving force at spatial and temporal scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Background: β1-Adrenoceptors (β1-ARs) are the predominant receptors in regulating heart functions. β1-ARs contain 7-transmembrane domains (7TM), 3 extracellular loops and 3 intracellular loops. Among these loops, the second extracellular loop of β1-AR (β1-AR-ECII) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Methods: (1) Select the sera-negative rats for antibodies against β1-AR-ECII. (2) Detect the level of antibodies against β1-AR-ECII in the process of active immunization with artificial synthetic peptides according to the sequence of human β1-AR-ECII. (3) Observe its long-term role on cardiac structure and function in vivo by immunizing rats. (4) Detect the changes of T lymphocytes subsets in the process of active immunization. Results: The peptides induced the production of specific autoantibody against β1-AR-ECII. Furthermore, immunization with β1-AR-ECII peptide induced both morphological and functional alterations in the hearts of rats, which potentially results in heart failure. In addition, induction of the autoantibodies against β1-AR-ECII increased the CD4 +/CD8 + ratio in the peripheral blood of rats. Discussion: In this study, we determined the effect of anti-β1-AR-ECII autoantibody on morphological and functional cardiomyopathic alterations by immunization of rats with a synthetic peptide corresponding to the β1-AR-ECII for 18months. These results provide further evidence that autoantibody against β1-AR-ECII is involved in the pathogenesis of heart failure. But the underlying mechanisms need further study. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Rapid industrialization and urbanization have resulted in a significant number of land-lost farmers in China. With the intensification of land expropriation and demolition, the problems of the "house-for-pension" scheme for land-lost farmers and housing security are also becoming increasingly serious. Based on the theory of planed behaviour, this study builds the consumption behaviour model of the "house-for-pension" scheme for land-lost farmers via questionnaire and survey methodology to deeply explore the key factors of lost-land farmers' expense intention on housing, and the hypotheses are verified by a structural equation modelling. The results show that the variables of attitude toward behaviour and subjective norms have a significant positive correlation with consumer intentions. At the same time, perceived price values, location preferences, perceived living environment, supporting service perception and perceived current house arrangement exist separately from attitude toward behaviour for individual behaviours. However, there is no positive correlation between perceptual behaviour control and consumer intentions, which contradicts the initial hypothesis of the study. This article explains that housing is the carrier of human life and maintains a heavy weight in daily life. Decisions cannot be made by individuals alone but by the entire family. The results reveal suggestions for enterprises, governmental and nongovernmental organizations, including improving the overall evaluation of consumers from the multiattribute dimension of products, using norms to tap potential customers, and actively developing the industrial chain of retirement. The findings of this study can provide references for enterprises, governmental and nongovernmental organizations to formulate suitable housing products and public policies for elderly land-lost farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As urbanization continues to spread rapidly, the competition for space among urban, agricultural, and natural land uses is becoming increasingly fierce. The urgent question is how to harness the advantages of urbanization while mitigating its potentially harmful consequences. This research extends analytical framework of land sharing and sparing to urban land use and provides a comparable quantification approach to determine the comprehensive impact of urban services, food production, and ecosystem services. The results show that the overall value loss of the land sparing scenario is 23.6% lower than that of the sharing scenario on average, and the Eco-sparing scenario exhibits the smallest loss, which is only 55.4% of that under the Urb-sharing scenario. While land-sparing strategies mitigate the loss of local food production and ecosystem services, fostering a potentially mutually beneficial outcome, they also elevate the cost of accessing urban services. This creates a delicate trade-off between urban services and food production/ecosystem services, ultimately posing challenges in achieving an optimal win-win situation. The key contribution of this paper lies in extending the land sharing and sparing framework to urban areas, agricultural land, and ecosystems. It also introduces methods to quantitatively assess trade-offs among these land uses. This extended framework for land use offers insights into spatial competition due to urbanization and provides decision-making analysis tools for land use and planning. [Display omitted] • The extended land sharing and sparing framework is proposed for urban settlement land use decision. • Combining the priority targets and land sharing and sparing strategies are used to establish land allocation model based on CA model. • Quantitative approach is used to trade off urban services, food production, and ecosystem services. • The extended framework for urban land use provides decision-making analysis tools for land use and planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the gut microbiome has gained significant attention in the spheres of research and public health. As a result, studies have increasingly explored the potential of probiotic dietary supplements as treatment interventions for conditions such as anxiety and depression. The present study examined the effect of mixed probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus and Enterococcus faecium) on inflammation, microbiome composition, and depressive-like behaviors in a macaque monkey model. The mixed probiotics effectively reduced the severity of depressive-like behaviors in macaque monkeys. Further, treatment with mixed probiotics gradually increased the abundance of beneficial bacteria in the gut, improving the balance of the gut microbiota. Additionally, macaques treated with the mixed probiotics showed decreased serum levels of inflammatory factors (P < 0.05), an increased rate of L-tryptophan metabolism (P < 0.05), and the restoration of 5-HT and 5-HTP levels (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis confirmed that Lacticaseibacillus and other beneficial bacteria exhibited a negative correlation with inflammation in the body (P < 0.05), and a positive correlation with tryptophan metabolism (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the mixed probiotics effectively restored intestinal homeostasis in macaques and enhanced tryptophan metabolism, ultimately alleviating inflammation and depressive-like behaviors. • Effects of mixed probiotics on microbes and tryptophan metabolism in macaques. • Mixed probiotics can improve the depression-like behavior of macaques. • Mixed probiotics can significantly reduce the inflammatory level in macaques. • Mixed probiotics can restore gut microbes and metabolic homeostasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Previous studies have indicated that chronic emotional stressors likely participate in the occurrence of cancers. However, direct evidence connecting stress and colorectal cancer development remains almost completely unexplored.Methods: Chronic stress mouse model was used to investigate the influence of stress on tumorigenesis. Several major agonists and antagonists of adrenergic receptors were applied to investigate the effects of β-adrenergic signaling on the development of CRC. Chromatin immunoprecipitation assays (CHIP) were used to investigate the binding of p53 and CEBPB to TRIM2 promoter. Mammosphere cultures, Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, colony-formation assay, scratch wound healing assays, qPCR, immunofluorescence, coimmunoprecipitation and western blotting were used to explore the effect of stress-induced epinephrine on the CEBPB/TRIM2/P53 axis and the progress of CRC cells.Results: In this study, we found that stress-induced epinephrine (EPI) promotes the proliferation, metastasis and CSC generation of CRC primarily through the β2-adrenergic receptor. Furthermore, our studies also confirmed that chronic stress decreased the stability of p53 protein by promoting p53 ubiquitination. Results of transcriptome sequencing indicated that TRIM2 was overexpressed in cells treated with EPI. Further studies indicated that TRIM2 could regulate the stability of p53 protein by promoting p53 ubiquitination. Finally, we further proved that CEBPB was regulated by EPI and acts as the upstream transcription factor of TRIM2.Conclusions: Our studies proved that stress-induced EPI promotes the development and stemness of CRC through the CEBPB/TRIM2/P53 axis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urbanisation is the key to China's modernisation. Extensive urban village redevelopment projects (UVRPs) have recently been implemented in China, with the expectation of generating positive socioeconomic and environmental effects. However, social instability has resulted from conflicts over land and informal settlements. In this study, we investigate the factors influencing conflict levels during the UVRP process. Based on data collected from 439 projects in seven Chinese cities, ordered logit regression reveals that UVRPs with a top-down rather than a bottom-up institutional arrangement are more likely to have violent conflicts. Projects implemented with a bottom-up and villager-funded approach involve lower levels of conflict than those with a bottom-up and private developer-funded approach. Other determinants, including factors related to policies, time, and space along with project specificity, also influence the conflict level during the redevelopment process. These empirical results can inform government approaches to policymaking, thus enabling more positive outcomes for both governments and affected villagers. • Social conflicts go with redevelopments of urban villages in mainland China. • Factors affecting the level of conflict are explored. • Data were collected from 439 projects in 7 Chinese cities. • Institutional arrangements matter in the determination of conflict levels. • A bottom-up villager-funding approach is more socially acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graphical abstract Highlights • urban soil is the pool of organic and inorganic pollution. • The spatial interaction of heavy metals and PAHs are complex. • Bivariate LISA mapping is a good tool to reveal spatial interaction of combined pollution. • Source-sink of pollutants were responsible for the spatial interactions pattern of combined pollution. • Spatial interactions as the auxiliary variable was use to decision support for urban soil risk management. Abstract Identifying combined pollution risk areas is difficult because of the complex pollutant sources and heterogeneous soil properties in urban systems. This study used bivariate local Moran's I to analyze the spatial interaction between heavy metals and PAHs, revealed the causes of spatial interaction patterns through PMF, and proposed a risk zoning approach for combined pollution in urban areas. The results showed that both heavy metals and PAHs had high spatial heterogeneity in urban soil. Bivariate LISA maps revealed the spatial interactions between heavy metals and PAHs. The historical area was the hotspot of combined pollution. The overlay of pollutant sources and sinks was responsible for the spatial interaction patterns of combined organic and inorganic pollution. Coal consumption was the main emission source for heavy metal and PAHs pollution, accounting for 31% and 21%, respectively. We used bivariate LISA as the auxiliary variable to reduce the uncertainty of identification combined pollution risk zones. More than 11% of the total area clustered significantly where concentration of both heavy metals and PAHs ware in excess of the risk threshold. This study indicates that we can provide better decision-making support for soil risk management based on the knowledge derived from spatial interaction analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water resources in arid regions are concentrated in oasis areas and are sensitive to human activities. In this study, we examined how land use policy influenced water area decrease in Ejina, an oasis region located in northwest China. Standard deviational ellipse and spatial autocorrelation methods were used to examine the effects of land use policy on the spatiotemporal changes in the area of surface water from 1986 to 2012. The study found the following. 1) Since 1986, water bodies were lost gradually from west to east and the spatial distribution of water areas changed from discrete to agglomerated. 2) The points reflecting changes to water bodies agglomerated from west to east along the Heihe River and West Juyan Lake, especially in the last ten years. 3) Land use policies were divided into land institution and land regulation systems. Land institution systems (LIS) affected the spatial distribution of water changes; However, land regulation systems (LRS) had the opposite effect. Therefore, the effect of comprehensive implementation of land use policy did not play an effective role in the process of distribution in water area changes. To prevent bias in the selection of land use policy, the potential impacts of different kinds of land use policy on water area decrease should be taken into full consideration. It is also important to identify optimal combinations of LIS and LRS when policy makers carry out regional planning for sustainable development and to solve environment challenges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conflicts in land acquisition and resettlement (LAR) in China frequently occur because of rapid urbanization and economic development. These conflicts require judicial decisions by law courts at various hierarchical levels. However, few studies examine the regular pattern of relevant judicial decisions to improve the resolution of conflicts related to LAR in China. The current study aims to identify the regular pattern of jurisdiction in the field of LAR in Zhejiang Province by examining 901 administrative litigation cases. Docking and blocking net, through which determines whether a judge supports plaintiffs in a nomological basis, is used to investigate these cases. Statistical analysis of jurisdictions, defendants, and causes of action was conducted in the study. Results indicate that jurisdictions, executive positioning of respondents, and causes of lawsuits are key issues that affect the judgment of the docking–blocking net. Results reveal that the temporal-hierarchical level of jurisdiction is negatively correlated with the plaintiffs' winning rate. The docking and blocking mechanism system of high-level courts within a jurisdiction likely provides adverse referees to plaintiffs. The executive positioning of respondents also affects judicial results. The plaintiffs’ winning rate deviates depending on the causes of lawsuits. Plaintiffs and defendants use the three factors to further their own interests as much as possible through affecting the final judicial decisions of the docking–blocking net. This study seeks to improve the legitimacy of executive action, thereby reducing the judicial costs of executive acts. The study contributes to the prevention of existing administrative and judicial conflicts of LAR by clarifying the weak points of administrative departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Water Cycle (SWC) is a macroscopic and open system in which water derives from, and eventually returns to, the natural water circulation system. The two flows are integrated via coupling patterns such as infiltration, etc. In recent years, SWC has been deeply affected by global climate change and the excessive expansion of human activities. Therefore, it is essential to upgrade the cycle. This paper firstly presents the related knowledge hierarchy, the dualistic water cycle between nature and society, coupling patterns and driving mechanisms, evolving processes of water volume and quality, and SWC modeling. Based on these items, the relevant theoretical research is reviewed and a forecast made on the orientation of future studies. The research is of great theoretical and practical significance in advancing towards a water-saving and anti-fouling society, practicing water demand management, and promoting the development of modern hydroscience, technical innovation systems and basin water resource management in China and similar developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• 36 km SMAP brightness temperature (TB) are disaggregated via GWR model. • Disaggregated TB are converted into 1 km soil moisture based on RTM model. • 1 km SM is validated and compared with in-situ measurements and other SM products. Passive microwave soil moisture (SM) products hold tremendous potential for both scientific research and practical applications. However, due to the limitations imposed by brightness temperature (TB), passive microwave SM suffer from lower spatial resolution, which significantly restricts their application in regional scale like crop growth monitoring, water resource management, runoff forecasting, and others. To address this challenge, this study proposed a feasible methodology to disaggregate 36 km Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) SM in the ShanDian River Basin via coupling geographically weighted regression (GWR) and radiative transfer model (RTM). Firstly, we employed GWR to disaggregate 36 km SMAP TB to 1 km via MODIS LST, NDVI and DEM data. Subsequently, in accordance with the microwave radiative transfer model, the disaggregated TB was converted to 1 km SM using a single-channel algorithm (SCA) in V polarization. The disaggregated SM, derived from the disaggregated TB, was validated against in-situ SM from the SMN-SDR network and compared with various SMAP SM products at different spatial resolutions. The results show the disaggregated SM effectively inherits the performance of SMAP official products, while offering enhanced spatial resolution and enabling more accurate applications. This study effectively enhances the performance of coarse-resolution passive microwave brightness temperature data at fine scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The spatio-temporal evolution pattern of ALAN has been analyzed. • The spatial scope of night-time light control area has been recognized automatically. • The study facilitates green transformation and smart upgrading of outdoor lighting. Light pollution caused by unreasonable and excessive use of outdoor artificial light at night (ALAN) has become one of the fastest growing and most urgent global environmental problems. Therefore, the International Dark-Sky Association advocated the more controlled use of ALAN in urban area to protect night-time environment and enable sustainable development. However, relevant research and lighting planning are still in the enlightenment stage. This study focused on a typical city experiencing significant ALAN growth, combining night-time remote sensing imagery, urban big data and other muti-source heterogeneous data to systematically research urban night-time light status. We first analyzed the spatio-temporal evolution pattern of ALAN. Subsequently, advanced computer vision algorithms were proposed to recognize the night-time light control area (NLCA) based on the perspective of supply and demand balance. Results suggest both the ALAN intensity and area have grown rapidly over the past decade in the study area, with the intensity increasing by 82 % and the area expanding by 42 %. And a 108.5-square-kilometre area of the NLCA was intelligently delineated, for where the ALAN intensity was more than the demand of population, indicating that the management of the night-time light environment an urgent matter. Therefore, this study proposed practical management solutions according to the different functional zones in city within the NLCA, for further promoting the green transformation and smart upgrading of urban outdoor lighting. To sum up, our research offers a novel approach to resolving the issue of urban light pollution by recognizing the NLCA, as well as facilitating energy conservation and emission reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• CH 4 emissions and yield in a double-rice system were estimated by DAYCENT and DNDC. • DAYCENT and DNDC efficiently simulated daily CH 4 emission pattern and grain yield. • Algorithms should be improved to simulate tillage practice in both models. • Tillage in the winter fallow season balance low CH 4 emission and maintain yield. Methane (CH 4) is an important greenhouse gas that contributes to climate change and one of its major sources is rice cultivation. The main aim of this paper was to compare two well-established biogeochemical models, namely Daily Century (DAYCENT) and DeNitrification-DeComposition (DNDC) for estimating CH 4 emissions and grain yields for a double-rice cropping system with tillage practice and/or stubble incorporation in the winter fallow season in Southern China. Both models were calibrated and validated using field measured data from November 2008 to November 2014. The calibrated models performed effectively in estimating the daily CH 4 emission pattern (correlation coefficient, r = 0.58–0.63, p < 0.001), but model efficiency (EF) values were higher in stubble incorporation treatments, with and without winter tillage (treatments S and WS) (EF = 0.22–0.28) than that in winter tillage without stubble incorporation treatment (W) (EF = −0.06–0.08). We recommend that algorithms for the impacts of tillage practice on CH 4 emission should be improved for both models. DAYCENT and DNDC also estimated rice yields for all treatments without a significant bias. Our results showed that tillage practice in the winter fallow season (treatments WS and W) significantly decreased annual CH 4 emissions, by 13–37 % (p < 0.05) for measured values, 15–20 % (p < 0.05) for DAYCENT-simulated values, and 12–32 % (p < 0.05) for DNDC-simulated values, respectively, compared to no-till practice (treatments S), but had no significant impact on grain yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optimizing energy structure to reduce carbon intensity is an effective way to build the low-carbon city development model. To assess the contribution potential of energy structure optimization in order to achieve the carbon intensity target in Hangzhou City, the component data prediction, scenario prediction, GMI (1, 1) model and other multidisciplinary approaches were adopted to predict the carbon intensity trends in the above said City from 2014 to 2020. This contribution potential is evaluated based on 9 kinds of combined scenarios. The results show that: 1. Under the same economic growth rate, with the increase in energy structure adjustment range, the carbon intensity “decline range” becomes larger, and the higher is the “contribution potential” of energy structure optimization to achieve the carbon intensity target. 2. Within the same range of energy structure optimization, the economic growth rate is lower, the carbon intensity “decline range” is smaller, and the “contribution potential” of energy structure optimization is higher for the same carbon intensity objective. By optimizing energy structure and industrial structures adjustment, the technology upgrading for carbon emissions and the scientific and technological level of the systematic industrial policies are more conducive to supporting the realization of low-carbon city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• People are more exposed to street greenery than to parks. • The Green View Index (GVI) is used to quantify the daily exposure to street-side greenery. • Development of a multidimensional indicator set to explore the association of the micro-scale surrounding environment characteristics and GVI. • The context surrounding environment exhibits a strong role on physical appearance of eye-level greenness of GVI. • Findings can shed lights on developing urban green design and planning policy. Human-scale greenery has been heavily featured in the development of planning-related theories and research. Daily exposure to street greenery is proportionately greater than exposure to parks. Several case studies have estimated the green view index (GVI), which quantifies daily exposure to street-side greenery, at the city-scale. However, the street-side greenery distribution is uneven. The relationship between the GVI and the surrounding environment has rarely been discussed. Here, we investigate the differentiation of street greenery from the physical features of a street and examine how the surrounding environment affects the physical appearance of eye-level greenery. In this work, we analyzed the GVI using the internet data crawling approach and obtained 12,232 panoramic street view images from Baidu Map for the urban zones of Hangzhou, China. A range of 17 surrounding environmental characteristics are integrated with multisource geographic data to analyze their relationship with the GVI at the microscale. Spatial econometric models are explored to provide insights into the underlying mechanisms associated with the GVI. The results showed that the surrounding environment exhibited a strong role in the physical appearance of eye-level greenness. There are two pathways through which surrounding environmental characteristics (the nature of land use and the enclosure of the street) affect the distribution of GVI. Four factors proved to be important: scenic protection policies and ecological renewal projects, vertical and horizontal green characteristics of different land uses, and facade designs dominated by enclosed exterior walls or railing walls. Interesting approaches are presented to rationally implement activities related to these factors. The urban green design process should be facilitated in terms of the trade-off between greenery and optimum land use. These findings can be useful in drafting appropriate policies and increasing eye-level greenery in cities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is necessary for sustainable social and economic development. This is particularly so with global energy shortages, the continuous deterioration of ecosystems and the environment, as well as the world population explosion. This article qualitatively and quantitatively analyzes the effects and problems of Chinese favorable land price policy on photovoltaics. In examining the favorable land price policy in China, this study develops a multiple-linear regression model to study the effects of favorable land price policy on photovoltaic power and photovoltaic industry. Data used in this research was mainly collected from 20 provinces in China. It is found that the development of PV in China has been greatly affected by the favorable land price policy. In the end, it is highly recommended that favorable land price policy should be continued for renewable energy. Systemic deficiencies can be overcome through continual reform and innovation of mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The main aim of this study is to examine the factors that affect Chinese consumers’ intention to adopt 3G. This study has extended the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by incorporating the determinants of perceived usefulness, cost, trust, and demographic profiles of Chinese consumers. Data is collected from Chinese consumers via self-administered questionnaire. Structural equation modeling was applied to examine the research model proposed. Our result showed that social influence, service quality and perceived ease of use have a direct and significant relationship with perceived usefulness of 3G, and this in turn affects the consumers’ decision to adopt 3G. Contrary to existing TAM research, perceived ease of use was not found to have a direct and significant influence with Chinese consumers’ intention to adopt 3G. Our study also revealed that those with higher educational level are more likely to adopt 3G. Based on the findings, this research is able to propose several practical recommendations to 3G providers in China, such as enhancing the variety of services provided through collaborations with mobile software and content developers. Furthermore, 3G providers can focus on promoting 3G through services such as “Friends and Family” packages as Chinese consumers’ 3G adoption decisions is influenced by their social network. In terms of theoretical contributions, this study has answered many calls from past researchers to investigate the determinants of perceived usefulness. This research was also conducted in China, which is one of the largest telecommunication markets in the world. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]