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Camellia nut shell was collected, dried at room temperature and ground to get fine powder. The powder was extracted three times with 95% EtOH, combined, evaporated, and then freeze dried. The crude powder was dissolved in H2O and then sequentially fractionated with n-hexane, CH2Cl2, EtOAc and n-BuOH. A part of EtOAc fraction was chromatographed on a silica gel and on a Sephadex LH-20 columns using MeOH, aqueous MeOH, EtOAc-n-hexane and EtOH-n-hexane to isolate gallotannins. Three gallotannins, 1,2-di-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (2), 1,2,6-tri-Ogalloyl- β-D-glucopyranoside (3) and 1,2,3,6-tetra-O-galloyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (4), including gallic acid (1), were isolated and elucidated by NMR and Mass spectroscopies. Although nothing new, these gallotannins were first reported from the nut shell extractives of camellia tree (Camellia oleifera C. Abel). This study was to investigate the chemical constituents, especially hydrolysable tannins, of nut shell extractives of Camellia oleifera and to provide basic information for the future chemical utilization of this species.

2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino) pyridine and 2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylpyridine were synthesized in a one-step method using either 2-aminopyridine or 2-amino-3-methyphyridine with tert-butylcarbonyl anhydride as the starting materials. The products were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. The biological activity of the two compounds against five fungi was determined. 2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino) pyridine has more than 50% inhibitory activity against Pyricularia oryzae, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Alternaria alternate. In addition, the inhibitory activity of 2-(N-tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-methylpyridine against Alternaria alternate reached 67.69%. Two 2-BOC aminopyridine derivatives were synthesized and structurally characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, HRMS analysis and X-ray crystal diffraction. The inhibitory activity both compounds was studied.

A new 1,2-seco-furan-coumarin, claulancoumarin A (1), and a known 1,2-seco-coumarin, (Z)-2,4-dihydroxycinnamic acid (2), were isolated from the branches and leaves of Clausena lansium. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR and MS.

C20H24O10, orthorhombic, P212121 (no. 19), a = 6.3728(6) Å, b = 14.3835(14) Å, c = 20.453(2) Å, V = 1874.8(3) Å3, Z = 4, R gt(F) = 0.0272, wR ref(F 2) = 0.0558, T = 296(2) K.

Background Clausena lansium (Lour.) Skeels, belonging to the genus Clausena of the family Rutaceae, has a wide range of medical and agricultural activities. Previous studies on agricultural activities have shown that C. lansium extracts and some components have obvious herbicidal activities. In order to study systematically herbicidal activity of this plant, we studied the herbicidal effect of ethyl acetate (EtOAc) extract from the stems and leaves of this plant and further isolated the active compounds. Results The EtOAc extract inhibited the growth of roots and shoots of Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) Beauv., and the inhibitory effect of the EtOAc extract on roots were stronger than those on shoots with half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50 ) values of 420.45 and 585.05 mg L-1 , respectively. Fifteen compounds were subsequently isolated and identified from the stems and leaves of C. lansium, including nine O-monoterpenoid furanocoumarins and six cinnamamides. Our results showed that most compounds exhibited varying degrees of herbicidal activities to E. crus-galli. Among them, compounds 3, 8, and 13-15 showed the best inhibitory activities on the growth of E. crus-galli roots, with inhibition rate values ranging from 70% to 83% at a concentration of 300 mg L-1 . Compounds 1 and 2 are two new compounds, and their structures were established as 5-O-monoterpenoid furanocoumarin and 8-O-monoterpenoid furanocoumarin, and named as claulansicoumarin-A and -B, respectively. Conclusion The EtOAc extract and pure compounds showed noticeable herbicidal activities against E. crus-galli and indicated a great potential for these natural compounds to be developed as a herbicide. © 2020 Society of Chemical Industry.

Two new C

Two new C13-norsesquiterpenes claulanterpene A (1) and B (2), together with two known sesquiterpenes (3–4), were isolated from methanol extract of the stem and leaf of Clausena lansium collected from Qingyuan county, Guangdong Province, China. Their structures were elucidated on the base of extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison with data reported in the literature. Among them, compound 4 showed antibacterial activity against Bacillus cereus.

Clausena lansium Lour. Skeels (Rutaceae) is widely distributed in South China and has historically been used as a traditional medicine in local healthcare systems. Although the characteristic components (carbazole alkaloids and coumarins) of C. lansium have been found to possess a wide variety of biological activities, little attention has been paid toward the other components of this plant. In the current study, phytochemical analysis of isolates from a water-soluble stem and leaf extract of C. lansium led to the identification of 12 compounds, including five aromatic glycosides, four sesquiterpene glycosides, two dihydrofuranocoumarin glycosides, and one adenosine. All compounds were isolated for the first time from the genus Clausena, including a new aromatic glycoside (1), a new dihydrofuranocoumarin glycoside (6), and two new sesquiterpene glycosides (8 and 9). The phytochemical structures of the isolates were elucidated using spectroscopic analyses including NMR and MS. The existence of these compounds demonstrates the taxonomic significance of C. lansium in the genus Clausena and suggests that some glycosides from this plant probably play a role in the anticancer activity of C. lansium to some extent.

In this paper, the BaZrO3(BZ) and BaZr0.97Y0.03O3-δ(BZY3) powders were prepared by using the industrial grade BaCO3, ZrO2and Y2O3powders combining the conventional solid state reaction. The BaZrO3(BZ) and BaZr0.97Y0.03O3-δ(BZY3) ceramics were fabricated at 1750°C. The effect of ball milling time and sintering aid (TiO2) on the sinterability of BaZr0.97Y0.03O3-δ(BZY3) ceramics were investigated, and the improved stability of BaZrO3refractory with Y2O3additive were studied according to the refractory-metal interaction. The results revealed that the particle size of BZY3 powders decreased first and then increased with the increasing of ball milling time from 6h to 12h, and the minimum particle size was only 2.252μm at 8h. When 2wt.%TiO2was added, the sintered pellet of BZY3 was the most densest and the relative density was above 95%. After melting the Ti2Ni alloy on the BZY and BZ ceramics, the thickness erosion layer of BaZrO3and BZY3refractories and Ti2Ni alloy is approximately 50μm and 20μm respectively, showing that BZY3 was more stable than BaZrO3refractory.

[C11H12N4], triclinic, P1̄, a = 6.6939(10) Å, b = 8.8034(13) Å, c = 9.1140(13) Å, α = 97.749(2)°, β = 99.285(2)%, γ = 95.917(2)°, V = 520.90(13) Å3, Z = 2, R gt(F) = 0.0381, wR ref(F 2) = 0.1030, T = 296(2) K.

Phytochemical analysis of isolates from the aerial parts of Clausena lansium Lour. Skeels (Rutaceae) led to the identification of 14 alkaloids, including two indole alkaloids (1 and 2), one quinoline alkaloid (3), two pyridine alkaloids (4 and 5), four carbazole alkaloids (6–9) and five amides alkaloids (10–14). The phytochemical structures of the alkaloids were established by means of NMR and MS spectral analyses. Compounds (4, 5, 14) were three new natural products, while 1–3 and 10 were firstly reported from the genus Clausena and 8 and 9 were isolated from this species for the first time. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated alkaloids has also been discussed. All the isolated alkaloids were tested for their cytotoxic activity against Hela cancer cell line. Among them, four carbazole alkaloids 6–9 exhibited weak cytotoxicity with IC50 values ranging from 69.31 to 138.32 μM.

A high precision reverse engineering design method for complex structural component which based on the meta feature is presented. The defining method for minimal discretization meta feature is studied through the case study of an axial compressor’s impeller. Then the evaluation model of matching quality between RE planning and meta features on the basis of feature analysis and fuzzy synthesis evaluation method is put forward to select the optimal RE planning for different kinds of meta features. Combined with the split silicone mould replication method in engineering, the 3D geometry data acquisition is accurately accomplished and the reconstruction of the impeller’s model is realized from the geometric constraint angle of view and the point cloud registration of multiple views technology based on characteristic constraint. The results indicate that this method is effective for improving the measuring efficiency and quality.

The modular design technology is of importance increasingly, as product structure is more and more complex. Modular design systems face challenging problems as the design information tends to be dynamic, redundant, and very large. This paper describes a novel approach for handling them. In this approach, a partition is firstly performed for the complex structural components by mapping functions to the structures layer by layer. Based on this partition, a comprehensive design matrix is then developed to identify the key design mode which is driven by a special function. The design process is also programmed by analyzing the coupled information on both the functional and structural hierarchies. Then, the integrated knowledge model based on object-oriented method and hybrid inference method is constructed. In this model, knowledge can be organized at hierarchical classification and expressed with different forms. Finally, the methodology developed has been applied to a real application in automobile cylinder block design and the results are presented.

To explore the clinical application of anti-human seminal plasma phospholipase A2 (PLA2) monoclonal antibody (McAb) for male infertility.Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay (ELISA), immunocytochemistry(ICC), as well as flow cytometry (FCM) analysis were established using two strains anti-human seminal plasma PLA2 McAb prepared by our laboratory to detect the PLA2 content in human seminal plasma and the anterior head region of spermatozoa, respectively. Then the PLA2 content in male infertile patients were compared with that in normal control with fertility. The seminal routine analysis was performed by computer-assisted semen analysis (CASA).The PLA2 content of infertile groups were (31.13 +/- 14.49) ng/ml in azoospermic patients, (17.71 +/- 12.45) ng/ml in oligospermic patients and (16.46 +/- 11.31) ng/ml in patients with normal sperm density, which were all higher than that of normal controls [(8.09 +/- 3.15) ng/ml, P0.01]; There was significantly negative correlation between PLA2 content in seminal plasma and sperm density(r = -0.602, P0.05), while there was insignificant correlation between PLA2 and sperm motility or percentage of motility. The PLA2 content in the anterior head region of spermatozoon of male infertile groups was significantly lower than that of normal controls by ICC and FCM(P0.01).PLA2 in human seminal plasma is closely related to male fertility, and the PLA2 deficiency in the head of spermatozoa may be one of the reasons causing male infertility. The methods detecting PLA2 content in seminal plasma and the head of spermatozoa can provide powerful evidences for exploring the mechanism of male infertility.

To establish and evaluate the anti-human seminal plasma phospholipase A2 (PLA2) monoclonal antibody (McAb).After having been separated and purified from human seminal plasma by PEG precipitation, Sephacryl S-300 column chromatography, DEAE-Sephadex A-25 column chromatography and HA column chromatography, PLA2 was regarded as an antigen to immune BALB/C mouse to produce anti-human seminal plasma PLA2 McAb. The PLA2 McAb sensitivity and specificity were performed by ELISA technique and Western-blot analysis, respectively.The molecular weight of PLA2 depurated with 245 fold purification from human seminal plasma was about 34,900, while the sensitivity and typing of its McAb were 1:5(6)-1:5(8) and IgM (kappa) with a satisfied Western-Blot results.The PLA2, which had not been reported in international and domestic papers, may be a new type of PLA2. The establish of its McAb will provide significant tools for the research of the relationship between PLA2 in human seminal plasma and male fertility.