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In this work, the forging process of ultra-high strength stainless steel has been simulated based on Simufact Forming. The simulation results show the temperature drop at the ends of the workpiece is obvious, and the strain is difficult to penetrate. Affected by the shape of the workpiece, the strain is mainly located on the surface during the first and second passes of stretching and chamfering, while the strain penetrates toward the center in the middle passes of stretching. It is noted that the degree of dynamic recrystallization (DRX) of center microstructure is insufficient due to the strain is slightly larger than the critical strain of DRX. Affected by temperature field and strain field, dynamic recovery is the main softening mechanism during radial forging.

The present study aimed to investigate LINC00278 expression in laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) and its involvement in the process of proliferation, migration, and invasion, providing a rationale for mining potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets of LSCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analyses were performed to identify optimal prognostic lncRNAs. MTS, colony formation, wound healing, and Transwell invasion assays were used to determine the effects of LINC00278 overexpression on the proliferation, migration, and invasion of cancer cells. The expressions of signaling pathway-related proteins and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) marker proteins were detected using western blot. The chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) and dual-luciferase reporter assays were performed to demonstrate the binding of ETS proto-oncogene 1, transcription factor (ETS1), and LINC00278 promoter region. The molecular targets of LINC00278 were identified by RNA sequencing analysis and co-expression analysis. Kaplan-Meier analysis and CIBERSORT algorithm were used to analyze survival and immune cell infiltration based on LINC00278, COL4A1, and COL4A2. Multivariate Cox regression was used to establish a six-gene prognostic model. LINC00278 expression was low in LSCC tissues, and it was significantly associated with the TNM (tumors/nodes/metastases) stage (p0.001), lymphatic metastasis (p0.01), and pathological differentiation (p0.01). LINC00278 overexpression significantly reduced LSCC cell proliferation, migration, and invasion in TU686, TU177, and AMC-HN-8 cell lines. E-cadherin protein expression was increased, while N-cadherin, Vimentin, Zeb1, and Snail protein expression was decreased in the LINC00278 group, compared to the pcDNA3.1 group. Additionally, in AMC-HN-8 and FaDu cell lines, the LINC00278-treated group had significantly lower p-AKT and p-mTOR protein levels than the control group. ETS1 is a direct transcriptional regulator of the LINC00278 gene based on luciferase reporter assays and ChIP experiments. Western blot analysis demonstrated that high LINC00278 expression inhibited both ETS1 expression and phosphorylation. COL4A1/COL4A2 were identified as potential downstream targets of LINC00278. Meanwhile, the LINC00278/COL4A1/COL4A2-dominated low-risk group showed higher antigen-presenting activity and a higher immune score than the high-risk group. The findings indicated that ETS1 upregulated LINC00278 expression on the Y chromosome, which in turn inhibited LSCC growth in vivo and in vitro by inhibiting the AKT/mTOR signaling pathway via downregulation of COL4A1/COL4A2.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is an aggressive and lethal malignant neoplasm with extremely poor prognoses. Accumulating evidence has indicated that preferentially expressed antigen in melanoma (PRAME) is correlated with several kinds of cancers. However, there is little direct evidence to substantiate the biological function of PRAME in LSCC. The purpose of the current study is to explore the oncogenic role of PRAME in LSCC. PRAME expression was analyzed in 57 pairs of LSCC tumor tissue samples through quantitative real-time PCR, and the correlation between PRAME and clinicopathological features was analyzed. The result indicated that PRAME was overexpressed in the LSCC patients and correlated with the TNM staging and lymphatic metastasis. The biological functions and molecular mechanism of PRAME in LSCC progression were investigated through in vitro and in vivo assays. Functional studies confirmed that PRAME facilitated the proliferation, invasion, migration, and epithelial–mesenchymal transition of LSCC cells, and PRAME also promoted tumor growth in vivo. HDAC5 was identified as an upstream regulator that can affect the expression of PRAME. Moreover, PRAME played the role at least partially by activating PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathways. The above findings elucidate that PRAME may be a valuable oncogene target, contributing to the diagnosis and therapy of LSCC.

Remifentanil is a potent, short-acting opioid analgesic drug that can protect tissues from ischemia and reperfusion injury though anti-inflammatory effects. However, the utility of remifentanil in liver regeneration after hepatectomy is not known. Using a 70% hepatectomy mouse model (PHx), we found that preconditioning animals with 4 μg/kg remifentanil enhanced liver regeneration through supporting hepatocyte proliferation but not through anti-inflammatory effects. These effects were also phenocopied in vitro where 40 mM remifentanil promoted the proliferation of primary mouse hepatocyte cultures. We further identified that remifentanil treatment increased the expression of β-arrestin 2 in vivo and in vitro. Demonstrating specificity, remifentanil preconditioning failed to promote liver regeneration in liver-specific β-arrestin 2 knockout (CKO) mice subjected to PHx. While remifentanil increased the expression of activated (phosphorylated)-ERK and cyclin D1 in PHx livers, their levels were not significantly changed in remifentanil-treated CKO mice nor in WT mice pretreated with the ERK inhibitor U0126. Our findings suggest that remifentanil promotes liver regeneration via upregulation of a β-arrestin 2/ERK/cyclin D1 axis, with implications for improving regeneration process after hepatectomy.

The blank development of sheet metal for the stamping and the roll forming processes is crucial for the dimensional accuracy of the products. The neutral line parameter is the indicator to present the thinning phenomenon at the bending corners of the products. The basic assumption of the neutral line position is the surface that the sheet metal remains un-deformed after the stamping or the roll forming process. The conventional determination method of the neutral line position is based on the zero strain position through the thickness direction of the blank. In this paper, a different neutral line factor calculation method based on the mean profile length was proposed to find the neutral line factor, which is directly related to the profile length and more precise for the bland development calculation. A cross sectional profile was obtained after the forming process and the mean profile length of the upper and the lower surface was obtained. The ratios of the bending radius to the sheet thickness were calculated using the FEM simulation. A neutral line equation was proposed considering the material mechanical properties and the bending tool parameters. The initial blank width was compared to the forming result of the CAE simulation to validate the neutral line model. This model is able to take into consideration of the thinning effect at the entire bending zone of the metal forming without the assumption of the uniform thinning and is more accuracy for the blank width calculation.

Soil salinization is a major environmental stressor that reduces the growth and yield of crops. Maintaining the balance of ions under salinity is vital for plant salt tolerance; however, little is known about the correlation between the salt tolerance of crops and the ion contents of their roots and shoots. Here, we investigated the poorly understood salt-tolerance mechanisms, particularly regarding ion contents (particularly Na

Bactrian camels have specific mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) throughout the large intestine, with species-unique cystic Peyer’s patches (PPS) as the main type of tissue. However, detailed information about the molecular characteristics of PPS remains unclear. This study applied a transcriptomic analysis, untargeted metabolomics, and 16S rDNA sequencing to compare the significant differences between PPS and the adjacent normal intestine tissues (NPPS) during the healthy stage of three young Bactrian camels. The results showed that samples from PPS could be easily differentiated from the NPPS samples based on gene expression profile, metabolites, and microbial composition, separately indicated using dimension reduction methods. A total of 7,568 up-regulated and 1,266 down-regulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were detected, and an enrichment analysis found 994 DEGs that participated in immune-related functions, and a co-occurance network analysis identified nine hub genes (BTK, P2RX7, Pax5, DSG1, PTPN2, DOCK11, TBX21, IL10, and HLA-DOB) during multiple immunologic processes. Further, PPS and NPPS both had a similar pattern of most compounds among all profiles of metabolites, and only 113 differentially expressed metabolites (DEMs) were identified, with 101 of these being down-regulated. Deoxycholic acid (DCA; VIP = 37.96, log2FC = −2.97, P = 0), cholic acid (CA; VIP = 13.10, log2FC = −2.10, P = 0.01), and lithocholic acid (LCA; VIP = 12.94, log2FC = −1.63, P = 0.01) were the highest contributors to the significant dissimilarities between groups. PPS had significantly lower species richness (Chao1), while Firmicutes (35.92% ± 19.39%), Bacteroidetes (31.73% ± 6.24%), and Proteobacteria (13.96% ± 16.21%) were the main phyla across all samples. The LEfSe analysis showed that Lysinibacillus, Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Candidatus_Stoquefichus, Mailhella, Alistipes, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG_005 were biomarkers of the NPPS group, while Escherichia_Shigella, Synergistes, Pyramidobacter, Odoribacter, Methanobrevibacter, Cloacibacillus, Fusobacterium, and Parabacteroides were significantly higher in the PPS group. In the Procrustes analysis, the transcriptome changes between groups showed no significant correlations with metabolites or microbial communities, whereas the alteration of metabolites significantly correlated with the alteration of the microbial community. In the co-occurrence network, seven DEMs (M403T65-neg, M329T119-neg, M309T38-neg, M277T42-2-neg, M473T27-neg, M747T38-1-pos, and M482t187-pos) and 14 genera (e.g., Akkermansia, Candidatus-Stoquefichus, Caproiciproducens, and Erysipelatoclostridium) clustered much more tightly, suggesting dense interactions. The results of this study provide new insights into the understanding of the immune microenvironment of the cystic PPS in the cecum of Bactrian camels.

Based on the mathematical method of queuing theory, the queuing model of billets in the direct rolling process of the long product was established, which represented the conveying process of billets at the casting and rolling interface. Using the billets queuing model, the influence of different steel quantity, length, speed and other factors on the average waiting time of a single billet in the direct rolling production process was analyzed. Combined with the temperature drop of billets, the optimal average waiting time for a single billet was determined. The method improved the conveying connection efficiency of the casting-rolling interface and the direct rolling rate of billets.

Zygophyllum xanthoxylum is a salt‐accumulating xerophytic species with excellent adaptability to adverse environments. Previous studies demonstrated that Z. xanthoxylum absorbs a great quantity of Na⁺ as an osmoregulatory substance under arid conditions. To investigate the nutritional status of Z. xanthoxylum in comparison with a typical glycophyte, Arabidopsis thaliana, seedlings were exposed to NaCl (50 mM for Z. xanthoxylum and 5 mM for A. thaliana), osmotic stress (–0.5 MPa), and osmotic stress combined with the NaCl treatment. Compared to the control, NaCl treatment or osmotic stress significantly increased Na⁺ concentration in leaves and roots of Z. xanthoxylum, but not of A. thaliana. Under osmotic stress, the addition of NaCl significantly increased Na⁺ concentration in leaves and roots of Z. xanthoxylum, resulting in improved biomass and tissue water content. However, such changes were not observed in A. thaliana. Compared to the control, K⁺ concentrations in leaves and roots remained unchanged in Z. xanthoxylum when exposed to osmotic stress, with or without additional 50 mM NaCl. In contrast, significant reductions in shoot K⁺ concentrations of A. thaliana were observed under osmotic stress alone or when combined with 5 mM NaCl. Moreover, NaCl alone or when combined with osmotic stress enhanced the accumulation of N, P, Fe, Si, Ca²⁺, and Mg²⁺ in Z. xanthoxylum, but did not cause such nutritional changes in A. thaliana. Compared to the glycophyte A. thaliana, Z. xanthoxylum could accumulate Na⁺ and maintain the stability of nutritional status at a relatively constant level to cope with drought stress.

The roundness and the angle of the edges on the cross-sectional profile at the exit of the fin pass are crucial for the welding quality of the ERW tube. In this paper, the adjustment of the bending angles of the cage rolls was proposed to make a 9-inch tube. The proposed roll forming machine layout is capable of making tubes in a specific range of outside diameters without changing rolls. The CAE simulations were carried out to verify the proposed roll flower designs and the bending angle control strategies of the cage roll stations. The CAE simulations had verified the proposed flower design using different roll adjustments, and proper bending angle control strategies are able to make the demonstrated tube.

We present a kilowatt-level quasi-continuous-wave (QCW) cryogenically cooled 946-nm slab laser oscillator for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The laser system is based on a double-face-pumped large-size single-slab Nd:YAG design, delivering a record-high average power of 1.06 kW without additional amplification. This laser oscillator operates at repetition rate of 400 Hz with a pulse duration of 175 µs, resulting in a single pulse energy of 2.65 J. To the best of our knowledge, these results represent the highest output power and pulse energy for any all-solid-state 946-nm laser ever reported to date. Our scheme paves a new path for the development of the compact high-power solid-state 946-nm laser.

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, with its high elevation and extreme climate, is a transport artery for a crude oil-importation pipeline in China. However, limited information is available regarding the effect of petroleum hydrocarbon (PH) contamination on soil bacterial diversity. Variations in the bacterial structure and composition after PH pollution were investigated by a combination of artificial simulated pollution and high-throughput DNA sequencing. The results demonstrated that the biodiversity of engine oil-contaminated soil samples was higher than that of diesel oil-contaminated soil samples, and 7 genera were identified from indigenous bacteria as potential oil degraders, including Sulfuritalea, Sphingomonas, Alkanindiges, Rhodococcus, Nocardioides, Rhodoplanes, and Actinobacteria_norank. We present a detailed profile of soil bacteria succession under different oil-pollution conditions, which may help in future studies of in-situ bioremediation in this region.

In this work, the characteristic-wise alternative formulation of the seventh and ninth orders conservative weighted essentially non-oscillatory (AWENO) finite difference schemes is derived. The polynomial reconstruction procedure is applied to the conservative variables rather than the flux function of the classical WENO scheme. The numerical flux contains a low order term and high order derivative terms. The low order term can use arbitrary monotone fluxes that can enhance the resolution and reduce numerical dissipation of the fine scale structures while capturing shocks essentially non-oscillatory. The high order derivative terms are approximated by the central finite difference schemes. The improved performance in terms of accuracy, essentially non-oscillatory shock capturing and resolution for the complex shocked flow with fine scale structures in the classical one- and two-dimensional problems is demonstrated. However, the inclusion of the high order derivative terms is prone to generate Gibbs oscillations around a strong discontinuity and might result in a negative density and/or pressure. Therefore, a positivity-preserving limiter [Hu et al. J. Comput. Phys. 242 (2013)] is adopted to ensure the positive density and pressure in the shocked flows with extreme conditions, such as Mach 2000 jet flow problem.

The study aimed to identify the key bacteria and the potential interactions among these bacteria during the degradation of pollutants in cellar water, The main pollution characteristics were nitrogen, phosphorus and organic pollution. The structure and function of the bacterial community and its correlation with water quality variables were analyzed. A network of seven associations of microbial co-occurrence was set up, based on 16S rRNA and the model for inferring co-occurrence or interspecific interactions of microbial species. This showed that there were a large number of microorganisms with relatively specific ecological functions in the cellar water, and that many metabolic activities were involved. The ecological relationships of most bacteria in the association network were a form of mutualism. The most prominent genera included

We demonstrate an efficient high power and high brightness yellow-green 556-nm laser generated from second harmonic generation (SHG) of a master oscillator power amplifier (MOPA) laser system at 1112 nm. The oscillator was a pulsed laser diode (LD) pumped and Q-switched Nd:YAG laser at 1112 nm operated at TEM00 mode with an average output power of 35 W, providing 200-μs long macropulses and constituting 700-ns micropulses. The seed laser was amplified by two LD side-pumped Nd:YAG amplifiers and the MOPA system delivered a maximum output power of 78 W. Using a type-I phase-matching lithium triborate nonlinear crystal, the SHG maximum output power of 48 W was obtained at 556 nm with a conversion efficiency as high as 61.5%. The beam quality factor was measured to be M2 = 1.53 and the corresponding brightness was as high as 6.63 × 109 W/cm2·sr.

Wire drawing is a common used process to reduce the diameter of a small rod or a wire. The parameters of drawing die design such as die angle, bearing length, entrance fillet, and the drawing ratio of each pass are crucial to control the quality of a drawn wire. Taguchi method was adopted to optimize the drawing die geometry design. The lubrication conditions were taken into consideration to observe the effect of friction on the dimension accuracy of the drawn wires. The optimum combination of the drawing die design using 20% of reduction ratio is semi die angle 9 degrees, bearing length 1.2mm and entrance fillet 0.4mm. Two types of aluminum alloy 1070 and 1050 were tested using lubricants sodium sulfide (Na2S), graphite, and drawing oil, respectively. The lubrication effect of sodium sulfide is the best to achieve the lowest drawing load. The lubricant Na2S had the best performance in terms of lowest maximum drawing force for both of A1050 and A1070. The final diameters of the drawn wires were very close to the specification 4.0 mm. The CAE simulations were able to find the optimum design of die. The designed drawing machine was capable of carrying out the experiments and obtains consistent results.

The editorial office would like to draw reader's attention to an error occurring in the publication by Wang et al. · Under drought conditions NaCl improves the nutritional status of the xerophyte Zygophyllum xanthoxylum but not of the glycophyte Arabidopsis thaliana · pp. 597–606 · Volume 182 · Number 4 · August 2019 that we like to apologize for. 1. Figure : (Figure presented.) Fe concentration of Z. xanthoxylum (a) and A. thaliana (b) under different treatments (C, O, S, O+S) for 72 h. Control (C), osmotic stress (O) (–0.5 MPa osmotic potential induced by sorbitol), salt treatment (S) (50 mM NaCl for Z. xanthoxylum and 5 mM NaCl for A. thaliana), and osmotic stress with corresponding concentrations of NaCl (O+S) (total osmotic potential –0.5 MPa). Values are means ± SE (n = 8) and bars represent SE. Columns labelled different letters indicate significant differences at P < 5% (Duncan's test). 2. Figure : (Figure presented.) Si concentration of Z. xanthoxylum (a) and A. thaliana (b) under different treatments (C, O, S, O+S) for 72 h. Control (C), osmotic stress (O) (–0.5 MPa osmotic potential induced by sorbitol), salt treatment (S) (50 mM NaCl for Z. xanthoxylum and 5 mM NaCl for A. thaliana), and osmotic stress with corresponding concentrations of NaCl (O+S) (total osmotic potential –0.5 MPa). Values are means ± SE (n = 8) and bars represent SE. Columns labelled different letters indicate significant differences at P < 5% (Duncan's test). These changes do not affect the conclusions mentioned in the paper.

UNLABELLED PREMISE OF THE STUDY Food crops of tropical origins, such as rice, are often cultivated in areas with suboptimal temperature regimes. The rice phytochrome B-deficient mutant (phyB) is tolerant of chilling temperatures compared with the wild type (WT) under low irradiance, and unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) of membrane lipids have been shown to play an important role in chilling resistance. However, the relationship between phytochrome B and membrane lipids has not been empirically investigated. • METHODS We assessed various photosynthesis indexes in phyB and WT rice: chlorophyll content, maximal photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm) of photosystem II (PSII), the quantum yield of PSII electron transport (ΦPSII), the percentage of oxidizable P700 (P700), nonphotochemical quenching (NPQ), and the de-epoxidized ratio of xanthophyll cycle (A+Z)/(V+A+Z). We also analyzed the ultrastructure and fatty acid desaturases (FADs) and glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase (GPAT) genes of the chloroplasts using transmission electron microscopy and real-time PCR. • RESULTS After a chilling treatment of 24 h, chloroplast damage and USFA content reduction were more severe in the WT than in the phyB mutant. Genes involved in the synthesis of USFAs in membranes such as FADs and GPAT were more stable in phyB than in WT. Chlorophyll content, Fv/Fm, ΦPSII, and P700 decreased more slowly under chilling stress and recovered more rapidly under optimal conditions in phyB than in WT. The (A+Z)/(V+A+Z) and NPQ increased more rapidly in phyB than in the WT after 24 h of chilling treatment. • CONCLUSIONS Phytochrome B deficiency in rice with more stabilized chloroplast structure and higher USFA content in membrane lipids could alleviate chilling-induced photoinhibition.