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Water-soluble humic materials (WSHMs) can enhance the nodule numbers of soybean plants. In this study, targeted metabolomics and transcriptomics were used to understand this mechanism. Results showed that 500 mg/L WSHM increased the adsorption and colonization of rhizobia in soybean roots. High-performance liquid chromatography and targeted metabolomics showed that WSHMs could regulate the content and distribution of endogenous hormones of soybean plants at the initial stage of soybean nodulation. Transcriptomic analysis showed a total of 2406 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) by the 25th day, accounting for 4.89% of total annotation genes (49159). These DEGs were found to contribute primarily to the MAPK signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and plant hormone signal transduction according to the -log 10 (Padjust) value in the KEGG pathway. Subsequently, DEGs related to these hormones were selected for verification using quantity-PCR. The WSHM increased the number of nodules by regulating the expression of endogenous hormones in soybean plants.

A new two-step one-pot aminobromination/chlorination of carbonyl alkynes has been achieved via a Michael addition of aliphatic secondary amines and subsequent β-bromination/chlorination of the obtained enamines to afford various α-X (X = Br or Cl) enamino ketones/esters in moderate to good yields. A solvent-controllable protocol has been developed to produce versatile 3-(2,5-dioxopyrrolidin-1-yl)acrylates in moderate yields by using toluene as the solvent and chain alkyl propiolates as alkynyl substrates.

In this paper, we prove a variational formula of torsional rigidity under the Orlicz sum, and then introduce the Orlicz mixed torsional rigidity which yields the Orlicz-Brunn-Minkowski inequality and Orlicz-Minkowski inequality for torsional rigidity. As an application, we prove the existence of solution to the Orlicz-Minkowski problem for discrete measure and general measure associated with torsional rigidity.

A green H2O-promoted solvent-free hydroamination of electron-deficient terminal alkynes with amines has been developed. All secondary amines, including aliphatic and aromatic amines, gave the corresponding (E)-enamines in good to excellent yields, whereas primary aromatic amines afforded Z-configured products in moderate yields. Propiolates, propyn-1-ones, propynamides, and 1-(ethynylsulfonyl)-4-methylbenzene were explored in this Michael addition.

In this paper, we propose and study the polar Orlicz-Minkowski problems: under what conditions on a nonzero finite measure $\mu$ and a continuous function $\varphi:(0,\infty)\rightarrow(0,\infty)$, there exists a convex body $K\in\mathcal{K}_0$ such that $K$ is an optimizer of the following optimization problems: \begin{equation*} \inf/\sup \bigg\{\int_{S^{n-1}}\varphi\big( h_L \big) \,d \mu: L \in \mathcal{K}_{0} \ \text{and}\ |L^\circ|=\omega_{n}\bigg\}. \end{equation*} The solvability of the polar Orlicz-Minkowski problems is discussed under different conditions. In particular, under certain conditions on $\varphi,$ the existence of a solution is proved for a nonzero finite measure $\mu$ on $S^{n-1}$ which is not concentrated on any hemisphere of $S^{n-1}.$ Another part of this paper deals with the $p$-capacitary Orlicz-Petty bodies. In particular, the existence of the $p$-capacitary Orlicz-Petty bodies is established and the continuity of the $p$-capacitary Orlicz-Petty bodies is proved., Comment: This paper has been accepted by Indiana University Mathematics Journal

Graphene oxide (GO) was introduced into a monolithic column and a network porous poly (GO-co-TAIC-co-MMA) monolith was prepared by redox polymerization. The internal morphology and pore size distribution of the polymer were observed by scanning electron microscopy, and the nitrogen adsorption-desorption and mercury intrusion methods. After optimization, 8 kinds of aromatic compounds were effectively separated in 5 min, and the theoretical plates number of the monolithic column exceeded 33, 070 plates m

The study evaluated the impact of fermentation with Bacillus sp. on the nutritional quality of soybean meal (SBM) and the changes of bacterial community structure during fermentation. High protease-producing strains were screened to degrade SBM macromolecular protein and anti-nutritional factors (ANFs). Unsterilized SBM then underwent an anaerobic solid-state fermentation method to evaluate the effects of fermentation. Results showed that for the nine high-producing protease strains that were screened, acid-soluble protein (ASP) contents in fermented SBM increased, with the highest value found to be 13.48%, which was fermented using strain N-11. N-11 was identified as Bacillus subtilis. N-11 fermentation reduced ANFs such as glycinin and β-conglycinin by 82.38 and 88.32%, respectively. During N-11 fermentation, the bacterial richness and diversity in SBM increased but not significantly. The high-yield protease strain B. subtilis N-11 selected in this experiment improved the nutritional quality of SBM through fermentation, and it can be used for industrial large-scale production.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of a complex Bacillus subtilis additive on the fermentation quality and bacterial community during the ensiling process of whole-plant corn silage (WPCS). The pH values of WPCS treated with the B. subtilis inoculant decreased faster than those of the control without inoculant, and significantly higher contents of lactic acid (LA) and acetic acid (AA) were observed. After 45 days of ensiling, the LA contents reached 7.95% (w/w). In the treatment group, the neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) contents decreased significantly compared to the control, and the degradation rates of the NDF and ADF were 26.52% and 27.34% after 45 days, respectively. The deoxynivalenol (DON) content in the treatment group decreased to 205.67 μg/kg, which was significantly lower than the content of 382.51 μg/kg in the control group. The results indicated the positive effect of the B. subtilis inoculant in improving WPCS fermentation, especially in terms of degrading linocellulose and removing DON. The analysis of the bacterial community indicated that the B. subtilis inoculant resulted in an increased abundance of Lactobacillus, which contributed to the enhancement of LA production. The increased abundance of Bacillus possibly played a role in the degradation of NDF and ADF and the reduction in DON. Therefore, the complex B. subtilis additive could be used for the production of high-quality WPCS.

In this paper, we consider optimizing a smooth, convex, lower semicontinuous function in Riemannian space with constraints. To solve the problem, we first convert it to a dual problem and then propose a general primal-dual algorithm to optimize the primal and dual variables iteratively. In each optimization iteration, we employ a proximal operator to search optimal solution in the primal space. We prove convergence of the proposed algorithm and show its non-asymptotic convergence rate. By utilizing the proposed primal-dual optimization technique, we propose a novel metric learning algorithm which learns an optimal feature transformation matrix in the Riemannian space of positive definite matrices. Preliminary experimental results on an optimal fund selection problem in fund of funds (FOF) management for quantitative investment showed its efficacy., 8 pages, 2 figures, published as a conference paper in 2019 International Joint Conference on Neural Networks (IJCNN)

In this paper, We propose a general Riemannian proximal optimization algorithm with guaranteed convergence to solve Markov decision process (MDP) problems. To model policy functions in MDP, we employ Gaussian mixture model (GMM) and formulate it as a nonconvex optimization problem in the Riemannian space of positive semidefinite matrices. For two given policy functions, we also provide its lower bound on policy improvement by using bounds derived from the Wasserstein distance of GMMs. Preliminary experiments show the efficacy of our proposed Riemannian proximal policy optimization algorithm., 12 pages, 1 figures

In this paper, we propose a definition of a general mixed L p affine surface area, - n ≠ p ∈ ℝ , for multiple functions. Our denfiition is different from and is "dual" to the one in [11] by Caglar and Ye. In particular, our denfiition makes it possible to establish an integral formula for the general mixed L p affine surface area of multiple functions (see Theorem 3.1 for more precise statements). Properties of the newly introduced functional are proved such as affine invariance, and related affine isoperimetric inequalities are proved. Mathematics Subject Classification (2010): 52A20, 53A15. Keywords: Affine isoperimetric inequality, affine surface area, functional inequality, L p affine surface area, L p geominimal surface area, Blaschke-Santal o inequality

In this paper, the dual Orlicz curvature measure is proposed and its basic properties are provided. A variational formula for the dual Orlicz-quermassintegral is established in order to give a geometric interpretation of the dual Orlicz curvature measure. Based on the established variational formula, a solution to the dual Orlicz–Minkowski problem regarding the dual Orlicz curvature measure is provided.

Take-all is a severe root disease of wheat worldwide that is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). In this study, 272 Bacillus isolates were screened for their antifungal activity in vitro to Ggt. Of the 128 strains that demonstrated an antagonistic action, 24 of these exhibited at least three of the four plant growth promotion parameters (i.e. indole acetic acid and siderophore production, inorganic phosphorus solubilization and organic phosphorus solubilization) that were tested in wheat plants. The most effective strain found was Bacillus subtilis Pnf-12; its disease reduction effect reached 69%. Pnf-12 also caused a significant improvement (P 0·05) in the root and shoot weights of wheat plants, though their root length and shoot height were similar to the noninoculated treatment (P 0·05). The mechanism for this disease control may be linked to the production of the antifungal lipopeptides surfactin, iturin and fengycin production, all of which were detected in the cell-free supernatant of Pnf-12.Take-all, which is caused by the soilborne fungal pathogen Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt), is one of the most widespread and devastating root diseases of wheat plants. This study focuses on a novel screening strategy of Bacillus isolates to evaluate their potential biological control capacity for suppressing wheat take-all. The joint assessment of antifungal activities, growth promotion factors and variety of antibiotic synthesis genes, in addition to greenhouse experiments, allowed for the identification and demonstration of the Bacillus isolate Pnf-12 as an effective disease control agent.

In this paper, the inclusion measures of convex bodies are studied. Some new isoperimetric-type inequalities are established by using the technique of inner parallel bodies and mixed volumes. These inequalities give the upper and lower bounds for the inclusion measures, and show the role of the form body of a convex body in these bounds.

This paper is dedicated to the Orlicz-Petty bodies. We first propose the homogeneous Orlicz affine and geominimal surface areas, and establish their basic properties such as homogeneity, affine invariance and affine isoperimetric inequalities. We also prove that the homogeneous geominimal surface areas are continuous, under certain conditions, on the set of convex bodies in terms of the Hausdorff distance. Our proofs rely on the existence of the Orlicz-Petty bodies and the uniform boundedness of the Orlicz-Petty bodies of a convergent sequence of convex bodies. Similar results for the nonhomogeneous Orlicz geominimal surface areas are proved as well.

Bacillus subtilis strain Z-14 has biological control activity against the take-all fungus Gaeumannomyces graminis var. tritici (Ggt). In Petri dishes, the crude extract from B. subtilis Z-14 culture filtrate reduced take-all severity in roots of wheat seedlings by 91.3% and potted plants by 69.8% compared to the Ggt-inoculated control. Treatment with the crude extract also significantly (P 95%) when the culture filtrate was exposed to a pH ranging from 3 to 8, but significantly reduced in basic conditions. This activity was not transferred to the organic solvent phase after treatment with organic extraction agents. B. subtilis Z-14 culture filtrate exhibited ...

In this paper, the optimal problem for mixed $p$-capacities is investigated. The Orlicz and $L_q$ geominimal $p$-capacities are proposed and their properties, such as invariance under orthogonal matrices, isoperimetric type inequalities and cyclic type inequalities are provided as well. Moreover, the existence of the $p$-capacitary Orlicz–Petty bodies for multiple convex bodies is established, and the Orlicz and $L_q$ mixed geominimal $p$-capacities for multiple convex bodies are introduced. The continuity of the Orlicz mixed geominimal $p$-capacities and some isoperimetric type inequalities of the $L_q$ mixed geominimal $p$-capacities are proved.

In recent years, there has been a major expansion of dairy farming in New Zealand, largely as a result of land use change from forestry and sheep farming to dairy farming. Possible impacts of different land uses and land use change on ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) and N 2 O emissions are not well understood. A field study was carried out to determine the effects on AOB and AOA abundance by three long-term different land uses, pine tree plantation (30+ years), sheep farming (30+ years) and dairy farming (12+ years), located in close proximity on the same soil type. A laboratory incubation study was carried out to determine the impact of dairy cow urine application (simulating the deposition of dairy cattle urine after the conversion of tree plantation and sheep farming to dairy farming) on AOB and AOA growth and N 2 O emissions. The results showed that AOB abundance was higher in the dairy and sheep farm soils ( P P amoA gene copy numbers eventually exceeding those in the sheep and dairy pasture soils. AOA grew following urine application in the sheep soil but did not change in the other soils. Total N 2 O emissions in the pine tree soil was more than twice those from the dairy and sheep farm soils. These results demonstrate the significant impact of land use and land use change on ammonia oxidiser communities and subsequent impacts on nitrogen transformations and N 2 O emissions. Further research is needed to verify these results in the field.

New Bonnesen-type inequalities for simply connected domains on surfaces of constant curvature are proved by using integral formulas. These inequalities are generalizations of known inequalities of convex domains.

Water-insoluble drugs such as paclitaxel (PTX) face a huge challenge for clinical applications due to their low aqueous solubility. In this study, uniform-sized poly (DL-lactic acid) (PLA), poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and poly( ethylene glycol-co-lactide add) (PELA) microspheres containing PTX were prepared by premix membrane emulsification technique integrated with solvent evaporation method. The different hydrophobicity of polymer led to different distribution and crystal morphology of PTX in microspheres, which further resulted in different loading and encapsulation efficiency, release profile in vitro and cytotoxicity. The PLGA microspheres showed the highest loading and encapsulation efficiency of PTX (5.15%, 70.46%), followed by PLA microspheres (4.33%, 6433%), together with PELA microspheres (3.35%, 56.68%). The results of PTX release profile in vitro suggested that PLGA and PELA microspheres achieved a more rapid release rate than PLA microspheres due to their hydrophilic property. The antitumor activity in vitro was also evaluated by Lewis Lung Cells (LLC). The PTX-PLGA microspheres exhibited excellent antitumor activity compared with PLA and PELA microspheres, even much better than Taxol. Therefore, the PLGA microspheres show great potential in application as delivery carriers for water-insoluble drugs, PTX and others. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

investigate the symmetric mixed isoperimetric deficit Δ2( K 0, K 1) of domains K 0 and K 1 in the Euclidean plane R 2 via the known kinematic formulas of Poincare and Blaschke in integral geometry. Then we obtain symmetric mixed isoperimetric inequality and some Bonnesen-style symmetric mixed inequalities. One of those inequalities strengthens Kotlyars inequality. Finally, we obtain some reverse Bonnesen-style symmetric mixed inequalities that generalize the known Bottemas result.

This paper deals with L p geominimal surface area and its extension to L p mixed geominimal surface area. We give an integral formula of L p geominimal surface area by the p -Petty body and introduce the concept of L p mixed geominimal surface area which is a natural extension of L p geominimal surface area. Some inequalities, such as, analogues of Alexandrov–Fenchel inequalities, Blaschke–Santalo inequalities, and affine isoperimetric inequalities for L p mixed geominimal surface areas are obtained.

In this paper, a dual Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski theory is presented. An Orlicz radial sum and dual Orlicz mixed volumes are introduced. The dual Orlicz–Minkowski inequality and the dual Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski inequality are established. The variational formula for the volume with respect to the Orlicz radial sum is proved. The equivalence between the dual Orlicz–Minkowski inequality and the dual Orlicz–Brunn–Minkowski inequality is demonstrated. Orlicz intersection bodies are defined and the Orlicz–Busemann–Petty problem is posed.

The convex sets of constant width are special geometric gures, which are widely used in machine design, medicine and so on. In this note, we investigate convex sets of constant width in the Euclidean plane, and we give an elementary proof of the known Firey-Sallee Theorem, that is, the area of Reuleaux triangle is minimum among all sets of constant width.

For a measure [Formula: see text] on [Formula: see text] with density that has a positive degree of homogeneous and a positive degree of concavity, we study the Orlicz–Minkowski problem for such general measure [Formula: see text] and show the existence of the even Orlicz–Minkowski problem for [Formula: see text]. We also introduce the general Orlicz geominimal [Formula: see text]-measures and show the existence of the Orlicz-Petty bodies for the general measure [Formula: see text], and hence prove the continuity of the general Orlicz geominimal [Formula: see text]-measure.

We obtain a sharp convex mixed Lorentz-Sobolev inequality, which is the functional version of an L p Minkowski inequality. The new sharp convex mixed Lorentz-Sobolev inequality implies the sharp convex Lorentz-Sobolev inequality of Ludwig, Xiao and Zhang.

About 15 years ago, Lutwak and Zhang (E. Lutwak and G. Zhang, Blaschke–Santalo inequalities, J. Differ. Geom. 47 (1997), 1–16) introduced the notion of Lp moment bodies and established important volume inequalities for them, which were recently generalized by Haberl and Schuster (C. Haberl and E. Schuster, General Lp affine isoperimetric inequalities, J. Differ. Geom. 83 (2009), 1–26). In this paper, we establish new Brunn–Minkowski-type inequalities with respect to Blaschke Lp harmonic addition for the quermassintegrals and dual quermassintegrals of Lp moment bodies.

From wheat field soil samples of Chang’an, Shanxi, seven multifunctional strains with the ability of solubilizing phosphate and potassium were isolated for its utilization as a biological fertilizer, and the most efficient strain named CX-7 was chosen for further study. CX-7 was identified as Paenibacillus kribbensis after a series of physiological and biochemical experiments, morphological observation and 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. The solubilization ability of CX-7 was tested in the condition of pure culture. The results show that 71.60 mg/L and 5.18 mg/L water-soluble phosphorus and 3.44 mg/L potassium can be released from phosphate powder, lecithin and potassium feldspar powder, respectively which means that CX-7 had the high degradation rate on inorganic phosphorus. Antagonistic experiment showed that CX-7 strain had widely antagonism against pathogenic microorganism (cotton yellow wilt pathogen, cotton wilt pathogen, wheat root rot diseases pathogen, wheat scab pathogens and Pestalotiopsis microspora). This suggests that the stain has potential for further evaluation for its use as a biological fertilizer and biological control regent. Key words: Paenibacillus kribbensis, phosphate solubilization, potassium solubilization, biological control regent.

Metamaterialsare electromagnetic composites constructed by subwavelength sized microstructures, and thus can exhibit tailored effective permittivity and permeability. Effective-medium theory (EMT) plays a crucial role since it serves as a bridge to link theories, which are frequently conducted on model hypothetical systems, and experiments which are always performed on realistic metamaterial systems with complex microstructures. Therefore, a good EMT, which can precisely predict the effective parameters of complex metamaterials, is always highly desired. Based on a mode-expansion theory under single-mode approximation, we derived the scatterings parameters for a general one-dimensional photonic grating composed by two different materials, and then established an effective-medium theory (EMT) for such a composite using the derived scatterings parameters. Our EMT well describes the gating structures with general material and geometrical parameters, and recovers previous two formulas which are valid only at certain limiting conditions. The theory is justified by full wave simulations and microwave experiments. Then we generalize our theory into two-dimensional case. Mapping such an inhomogeneous system to an effective homogeneous medium exhibiting the same scattering coefficients, we established an effective medium theory for an array of subwavelength cylinders. Our theory is justified by comparing with full wave simulations on realistic structures, and is found to work well in a much more expanded parameter space than the standard Maxwell-Garnett theory.

In this paper, we establish a number of Lp-affine isoperimetric inequalities for Lp-geominimal surface area. In particular, we obtain a Blaschke–Santaló type inequality and a cyclic inequality between different Lp-geominimal surface areas of a convex body.

The mixed width-integrals of convex bodies are defined by E. Lutwak. In this paper, the mixed brightness-integrals of convex bodies are defined. An inequality is established for the mixed brightness-integrals analogous to the Fenchel-Aleksandrov inequality for the mixed volumes. An isoperimetric inequality (involving the mixed brightness-integrals) is presented which generalizes an inequality recently obtained by Chakerian and Heil. Strengthened version of this general inequality is obtained by introducing indexed mixed brightness-integrals.

This paper deals with the isoperimetric deficit upper bound for the convex domain in a surface [Formula: see text] of constant curvature [Formula: see text] by the containment measure of a convex domain to contain another convex domain in integral geometry. Some reverse Bonnesen-style inequalities are obtained. In particular, two of them strengthen Zhou’s result in [Formula: see text] and Bottema’s result in the Euclidean plane [Formula: see text].

Although surface plasmon polaritons (SPPs) have been intensively studied in past years, the transmission/reflection properties of SPPs at an interface between two plasmonic media are still not fully understood. In this article, we employ a mode expansion method (MEM) to systematically study such a problem based on a model system jointing two superlattices, each consisting of a periodic stacking of dielectric and plasmonic slabs with different material properties. Such a generic model can represent two widely used plasmonic structures (i.e. interfaces between two single dielectric/metal systems or between two metal-insulator-metal waveguides) under certain conditions. Our MEM calculations, in excellent agreement with full-wave simulations, uncover the rich physics behind the SPP reflections at generic plasmonic interfaces. In particular, we successfully derive from the MEM several analytical formulas that can quantitatively describe the SPP reflections at different plasmonic interfaces, and show that our formulas exhibit wider applicable regions than previously proposed empirical ones.

The strains capable of resistance against Verticillium dahliae Kleb were isolated and screened from the soils of cotton fields from several different provinces in China. A strain, coded DM-54, with a rather high antagonistic activity was obtained. Its morphological characteristics, physiological and biochemical properties and a 16 S rDNA sequence of this strain were further studied. The DM-54 strain was finally identified as a kind of Bacillus amyloliquefacien. Through a single factor experiment and an orthogonal experiment, the optimal shaking flask fermentation condition of strain DM-54 was found to be: media composed of 5% dextrin, 3% soy peptone, 0.02% MgSO4, 0.01% CaCl2, initial pH 7.0 and 10% inoculum volume, media volume 30/250 (mL/mL), fermentation temperature at 32°C, rotating speed 200 r·min−1, fermentation time of 48 h. Its antagonistic activity was distinguished to be elevated, at about 39.9%. Our research offers an effective means for the massive production of antagonistic proteins.

Based on a mode-expansion theory under single-mode approximation, we derived the scatterings parameters for a general one-dimensional photonic grating composed of two different materials, and then established an effective-medium theory for such a composite by equating the obtained scattering parameters to those of a homogeneous medium. Our effective-medium theory well describes the grating structures with general material and geometrical parameters, and recovers two previous formulas, which are valid only at certain limiting conditions. The theory is justified by full-wave simulations and microwave experiments.

To describe the prevalence and relationship between screen time and sub-health status among middle school students in weekdays and weekends.With multistage stratified random cluster sampling, 14 400 students from junior and senior middle schools in 288 classes of 30 schools in 4 cities( Shenyang, Chongqing, Xinxiang, Guangzhou) were investigated in October, 2011. A total of 13 817 valid questionnaires were retained for analysis. Survey content includes general demographic information, screen time, sub-health state. Logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between screen time and sub-health status.The screen time among middle school students2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 15.1% (2 085/13 817) and 58.5% (8 077/13 817) , respectively. Among them, the boys' screen time2 h/d on weekdays and weekends were 17.9% (1 187/6 644) and 61.3% (4 070/6 644), which were higher than girls (12.5% (898/7 173), 55.9% (4 007/7 173) )(χ² values were 76.95 and 41.35, respectively. P0.01). The prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 24.8% (3 431/13 817), 21.7% (2 997/13 817) and 22.1% (3 051/13 817), respectively. Among them, the girls' prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 26.0% (1 863/7 173), 22.9% (1642/7 173) and 23.1% (1 658/7 173) ), respectively, which were higher than boys' (23.6% (1 568/6 644), 20.4% (1 355/6 644) and 21.0% (1 393/6 644)) (χ² values were 10.39, 12.66 and 9.25, respectively. P0.05). The senior students' prevalence of physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status were 31.6% (2 176/6 884) , 28.3% (1 946/6 884) and 28.9% (1 990/6 884), respectively, which were higher than junior students' (18.1% (1 255/6 933), 15.2% (1 051/6 933) and 15.3% (1 061/6 933)) (χ² values were 337.65, 349.46 and 371.54, respectively, P0.05). After adjusting on demographic characteristics, compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekday, screen time2 h/d on weekday was significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR (95% CI): 1.39 (1.25-1.55), 1.62 (1.45-1.81) and 1.59 (1.43-1.78)). And compared with screen time ≤ 2 h/d on weekend, screen time2 h/d on weekend was also significantly associated with physical sub-health status, psychological sub-health status and sub-health status (OR(95% CI):1.49 (1.37-1.61), 1.81 (1.66-1.98), and 1.71 (1.57-1.87)).The rate of the screen time2 h/d and the detection ratio of sub-health among the middle school students in Shenyang, Chongqing, Xinxiang, Guangzhou in 2011 were high. Screen time2 h/d on weekdays or weekends was a risk factor for sub-health status.

Optical bistability typically occurs only when the optical thickness in the device or the input light power is unfavorably large. Here we show that, for a class of plasmonic metamaterials consisting of ultrathin holey metallic plates filled with nonlinear materials, the optical bistability can occur with an ultralow excitation power. We present a realistic design working at 0.2 THz and perform full-wave simulations to quantitatively study its optical bistability properties. An analytical model is developed to explain the inherent physics and provides a general design guideline for future development.

We present some L p affine isoperimetric inequalities for L p geominimal surface area. In particular, we obtain an analogue of Blaschke-Santalo inequality. We give an integral formula of L p geominimal surface area by the p-Petty body. Furthermore, we introduce the concept of L p mixed geominimal surface area which is a nature extension of L p geominimal surface area. We also extend Lutwak’s results for L p mixed geominimal surface area.

Achieving robust transport has attracted much attention in both electronic and photonic systems. Time-reversal invariant photonic crystal can be employed to realize backscattering-immune chiral state, but the chiral bandgap is topologically trivial. Here, we designed and fabricated a metacrystal comprising non-resonant meta-atoms sandwiched between two metallic plates and the system exhibits topological phase transition as established by group classification. The nontrivial bandgap was confirmed by experimentally measured transmission spectra, calculated nonzero spin Chern number and Z2 index. Gapless spin-filtered edge states were demonstrated experimentally by measuring the magnitude and phase of the fields. The transpsort robustness of the edge states were also observed when an obstacle is introduced near the edge., Comment: 8 pages, 4 figures

For convex domains K i (i = 0, 1) (compact convex sets with non-empty interiors) in the Euclidean plane R 2. Denote by A i and P i areas and circum-perimeters, respectively. The symmetric mixed isoperimetric deficit is \(\varDelta (K_{0},K_{1}):= P_{0}^{2}P_{1}^{2} - 16\pi ^{2}A_{0}A_{1}\). In this paper, we give some Bonnesen-style symmetric mixed inequalities, that is, inequalities of the form \(\varDelta (K_{0},K_{1}) \geq B_{K_{0},K_{1}}\), where \(B_{K_{0},K_{1}}\) is a non-negative invariant of geometric significance and vanishes if and only if both K 0 and K 1 are discs. We also obtain some reverse Bonnesen-style symmetric mixed inequalities. Those inequalities are natural generalizations of known geometric inequalities, such as the known classical isoperimetric inequality.

A Δ 1 -pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) cDNA from mothbean ( Vigna aconitifolia L.) was introduced into rice ( Oryza sativa L.) genome by the biolistic method. Expression of this P5CS transgene under the control of a stress-inducible promoter led to stress-induced overproduction of the P5CS enzyme and proline accumulation in transgenic rice plants. Second-generation (R 1 ) transgenic rice plants showed an increase in biomass under salt-stress and water-stress conditions as compared to the non-transformed control plants.