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Genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advance are crucial considerations in the field of plant breeding. This research aimed to evaluate these factors for traits related to yield in faba bean (Vicia faba L.), specifically focusing on the F3 and F4 generations resulting from the cross between ‘Sakha 3’ and ‘Nubaria 3’. In the initial season (2021/ 2022), 200 families from each F3 population were cultivated with specific spacing, and selection criteria included seed yield per plant (SYP) and the number of pods per plant (NPP). Top-performing plants were identified for the second cycle of pedigree selection. In the following season (2022/2023), the F4 families were arranged in a randomised complete block design. Traits like the number of branches per plant (NBP), NPP, SYP, and seed index (SI) showed substantial phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, indicating their noteworthy variation. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation analyses showed positive associations between SYP and the NBP and NPP. Additionally, path coefficient analysis indicated that these traits had high positive direct effects on SYP. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic variability, heritability, and selection parameters for yield-related traits in faba bean, offering a foundation for future breeding programs aimed at improving yield and productivity.

Ahmed AH Abdellatif,1,2,* Fatma Ahmed,3,* Ahmed M Mohammed,2 Mansour Alsharidah,4 Amal Al-Subaiyel,1 Waad A Samman,5 Aisha A Alhaddad,5 Samiah Hamad Al-Mijalli,6 Mohammed A Amin,1,2 Hassan Barakat,7,8 Shaaban K Osman2,* 1Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 2Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt; 3Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Sohag University, Sohag, 82524, Egypt; 4Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 5Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Medina, 42353, Saudi Arabia; 6Department of Biology, College of Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; 7Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah, 51452, Saudi Arabia; 8Food Technology Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Benha University, Moshtohor, 13736, Egypt*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Shaaban K Osman, Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, 71524, Egypt, Tel +2 01129059936, Fax +2-088-312191, Email Shaabanosman@azhar.edu.eg Ahmed AH Abdellatif, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim, 51452, Saudi Arabia, Email a.abdellatif@qu.edu.saAbstract: The real problem in pharmaceutical preparation is drugs’ poor aqueous solubility, low permeability through biological membranes, and short biological t1/2. Conventional drug delivery systems are not able to overcome these problems. However, cyclodextrins (CDs) and their derivatives can solve these challenges. This article aims to summarize and review the history, properties, and different applications of cyclodextrins, especially the ability of inclusion complex formation. It also refers to the effects of cyclodextrin on drug solubility, bioavailability, and stability. Moreover, it focuses on preparing and applying gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as novel drug delivery systems. It also studies the uses and effects of cyclodextrins in this field as novel drug carriers and targeting devices. The system formulated from AuNPs linked with CD molecules combines the advantages of both CD and AuNPs. Cyclodextrins benefit in increasing aqueous drug solubility, loading capacity, stability, and size control of gold NPs. Also, AuNPs are applied as diagnostic and therapeutic agents because of their unique chemical properties. Plus, AuNPs possess several advantages such as ease of detection, targeted and selective drug delivery, greater surface area, high loading efficiency, and higher stability than microparticles. In the present article, we tried to present the potential pharmaceutical applications of CD-derived AuNPs in biomedical applications including antibacterial, anticancer, gene-drug delivery, and various targeted drug delivery applications. Also, the article highlighted the role of CDs in the preparation and improvement of catalytic enzymes, the formation of self-assembling molecular print boards, the fabrication of supramolecular functionalized electrodes, and biosensors formation.Keywords: AuNPs, nanotechnology, drug delivery, drug targeting, inclusion complexes, cancer management

The European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (EORTC) QLQ-BR23 is considered a premier module for breast cancer patients that is utilised synchronously with the core questionnaire. However, new and scalable treatments on breast cancer patients’ quality of life (QoL) need a more accurate and comprehensive tool to be assessed. Therefore, the EORTC introduced the newly updated module EORTC QLQ-BR45. Hence, the current study aims to perform cultural adaptation, pilot testing and assessment of the psychometric properties of the Egyptian Arabic translation of the EORTC QLQ-BR45 module on Egyptian breast cancer patients.

One important area of statistical theory and its applications to bivariate data modeling is the construction of families of bivariate distributions with specified marginals. This motivates the proposal of a bivariate distribution employing the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) copula and Epanechnikov exponential (EP-EX) marginal distribution, denoted by EP-EX-FGM. The EP-EX distribution is a complementing distribution, not a rival, to the exponential (EX) distribution. Its simple function shape and dependence on a single scale parameter make it an ideal choice for marginals in the suggested new bivariate distribution. The statistical properties of the EP-EX-FGM model are examined, including product moments, coefficient of correlation between the internal variables, moment generating function, conditional distribution, concomitants of order statistics (OSs), mean residual life function, and vitality function. In addition, we calculated reliability and information measures including the hazard function, reversed hazard function, positive quadrant dependence feature, bivariate extropy, bivariate weighted extropy, and bivariate cumulative residual extropy. Estimating model parameters is accomplished by utilizing maximum likelihood, asymptotic confidence intervals, and Bayesian approaches. Finally, the advantage of EP-EX-FGM over the bivariate Weibull FGM distribution, bivariate EX-FGM distribution, and bivariate generalized EX-FGM distribution is illustrated using actual data sets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A single faba bean (Vicia faba L.) population derived from the cross Sakha 3 x Giza 2 was subjected to two cycles of pedigree line selection (PSM). Selection criteria included seed yield/ plant (SY/P), number of pods/ plant (NP/P), and seed index (SI). Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among families within the F3 and F4 generations for all studied traits, indicating successful selection progress. Notably, mean values for all traits, except days to flowering, increased from cycle 1 to cycle 2. Days to flowering exhibited the opposite trend, with a higher mean value observed in cycle 1. The expected gain from selection (EGS%) for SY/P in the F2 generation was 29.52 and increased in the F3 and F4 generations in values of 34.41 and 2.06, respectively. The realized gain from selection (RGS%) for SY/P in the F3 generation was 23.06, then decreased in successive generation which amounted to 9.56 in F4. Multiple promising faba bean genotypes were identified within Families 1, 2, 13, 56, and 60. These families exhibited superior performance in relative yield traits compared to the better parent, check variety, and bulk samples. Additionally, they displayed favorable values for most characters assessed. These findings suggest their significant potential for incorporation into breeding programs to enhance faba bean yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic diversity, heritability, and genetic advance are crucial considerations in the field of plant breeding. This research aimed to evaluate these factors for traits related to yield in faba bean (Vicia faba L.), specifically focusing on the F3 and F4 generations resulting from the cross between 'Sakha 3' and 'Nubaria 3'. In the initial season (2021/2022), 200 families from each F3 population were cultivated with specific spacing, and selection criteria included seed yield per plant (SYP) and the number of pods per plant (NPP). Top-performing plants were identified for the second cycle of pedigree selection. In the following season (2022/2023), the F4 families were arranged in a randomised complete block design. Traits like the number of branches per plant (NBP), NPP, SYP, and seed index (SI) showed substantial phenotypic and genotypic coefficients of variation, indicating their noteworthy variation. Phenotypic and genotypic correlation analyses showed positive associations between SYP and the NBP and NPP. Additionally, path coefficient analysis indicated that these traits had high positive direct effects on SYP. This research provides valuable insights into the genetic variability, heritability, and selection parameters for yield-related traits in faba bean, offering a foundation for future breeding programs aimed at improving yield and productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work utilizes generalized order statistics (GOSs) to study the q-Weibull distribution from several statistical perspectives. First, we explain how to obtain the maximum likelihood estimates (MLEs) and utilize Bayesian techniques to estimate the parameters of the model. The Fisher information matrix (FIM) required for asymptotic confidence intervals (CIs) is generated by obtaining explicit expressions. A Monte Carlo simulation study is conducted to compare the performances of these estimates based on type II censored samples. Two well-established measures of information are presented, namely extropy and weighted extropy. In this context, the order statistics (OSs) and sequential OSs (SOSs) for these two measures are studied based on this distribution. A bivariate q-Weibull distribution based on the Farlie-Gumbel-Morgenstern (FGM) family and its relevant concomitants are studied. Finally, two concrete instances of medical real data are ultimately provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most efficient and robust methods in estimation is to find the Fisher information matrix (FIM). In this paper, the FIM concerning order statistics (OSs) and their concomitants about the shape-parameter vector of Cambanis bivariate distribution is derived. This method contains information conveyed by singly or multiply censored bivariate samples drawn from the Cambanis bivariate distribution. In addition, we obtain and study the Fisher information (FI) about the mean and shape parameters in the concomitants of OSs for this bivariate distribution based on exponential and power function distributions. Finally, the information entropy of Shannon in the OSs and their concomitants based on the Cambanis distribution is studied. Some numerical computations were performed on the FI which lend support to the theoretical results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was carried out in fig fields in the village of Kafar-Jales, in the north of Syria. The analyses were conducted in the laboratories of the Faculty of Agriculture at Idlib University during the 2022 farming season, to evaluate the viability and germination of three local varieties of Caprifig (Bunduqi, Azraq, Panjani). The morphological characteristics, the date of the exodus of insects (Blastophaga psenes) from male fruits, the quantity of pollen, and the percentage of germination and viability were studied on four nutritive media at a temperature of 27℃. The measurements were taken after 24 h, 48 h, and 72 h. These three pollinators were used to pollinate three varieties of edible figs (white Satehi, Safrawi, and Habashi) to study the effect of pollen source on the productive characteristics of edible fig fruits. The result showed significant superiority of the Bunduqi cultivar over the rest of the cultivars in traits of the fruit's early ripening, pollen quantity, and date of departure of insects. The Azraq cultivar is found to be superior to Bunduqi and Panjani cultivars in the germination rate of pollen at all stages of the experiment and in all used media. The addition of stigma flower extract in culture media increased germination percentage by 35% for all studied Caprifig cultivars. The addition of 10% sucrose in the cultivation environment increased the percentage of pollen germination by 20%. The cultivars that were inoculated with the Panjani pollinator outperformed the characteristics of the length, diameter, and weight, demonstrating that the fruit's quality characteristics are affected by the genotype of the pollinator used. The results of this research can be beneficial for both fig growers and plant breeders, as they help to select the best pollinators and contribute to the development and improvement of the quality of the cultivated fig fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hani Barakat1, Hanniya Barakat1, Mohamad K Baaj21Kalamoon Private University Medical School, Deir Attieh, Syria; 2Aleppo University Medical School, Aleppo, SyriaPurpose: Syria is caught in the middle of a disruptive nutritional transition. Its healthcare system is distracted by challenges and successes in other areas while neglecting to address the onslaught of Syria's cardiovascular disease (CVD) epidemic. Despite the official viewpoint touting improvement in health indicators, current trends jeopardize population health, and several surveys in the Syrian population signal the epidemic spreading far and wide. The goal is to counteract the indifference towards obesity as a threat to Syrian's health, as the country is slowly becoming a leader in CVD mortality globally.Methods: PubMed, World Health Organization, and official government websites were searched for primary surveys in Syria related to CVD morbidity, mortality, and risk factors. Inclusion criteria ensured that results maximized relevance while producing comparable studies. Statistical analysis was applied to detect the most common risk factor and significant differences in risk factor prevalence and CVD rates.Results: Obesity remained the prevailing CVD risk factor except in older Syrian men, where smoking and hypertension were more common. CVD mortality was more common in males due to coronary disease, while stroke dominated female mortality. The young workforce is especially impacted, with 50% of CVD mortality occurring before age 65 years and an 81% prevalence of obesity in women over 45 years.Conclusion: Syria can overcome its slow response to the CVD epidemic and curb further deterioration by reducing obesity and, thus, inheritance and clustering of risk factors. This can be achieved via multilayered awareness and intensive parental and familial involvement. Extinguishing the CVD epidemic is readily achievable as demonstrated in other countries.Keywords: Syria, CVD, obesity, risk factors