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Suicide in the Arab World is grossly understudied. This study sought to understand suicidality among Arabic-speaking individuals visiting an online depression screener. A large sample (N = 23,201) from the Arab World was recruited online. 78.9% (n = 17,042) reported suicidality (thoughts of death or suicide, or a suicide attempt) and 12.4% reported a suicide attempt in the past 2 weeks. Binary logistic regressions indicated that women tended to report more suicidality, and that suicidality tended to decline with age (all ps

University of California Health (UCH) provided a system-wide, rapid response to the humanitarian crisis of unaccompanied children crossing the southern U.S. border in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2021. In collaboration with multiple federal, state, and local agencies, UCH mobilized a multidisciplinary team to deliver acute general and specialty pediatric care to unaccompanied children at 2 Californian emergency intake sites (EISs). The response, which did not disrupt normal UCH operations, mobilized the capacities of the system and resulted in a safe and developmentally appropriate environment that supported the physical and mental health of migrant children during this traumatic period. The capacities of UCH's 6 academic health centers ensured access to trauma-informed medical care and culturally sensitive psychological and social support. Child life professionals provided access to exercise, play, and entertainment. Overall, 260 physicians, 42 residents and fellows, 4 nurse practitioners participated as treating clinicians and were supported by hundreds of staff across the 2 EISs. Over 5 months and across both EISs, a total of 4,911 children aged 3 to 17 years were cared for. A total of 782 children had COVID-19, most infected before arrival. Most children (3,931) were reunified with family or sponsors. Continuity of care after reunification or placement in a long-term shelter was enhanced by use of an electronic health record. The effort provided an educational experience for residents and fellows with instruction in immigrant health and trauma-informed care. The effort benefitted from UCH's recent experience of providing a system-wide response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Lessons learned are reported to encourage the alignment and integration of academic health centers' capacities with federal, state, and local plans to better prepare for and respond to the accelerating need to care for those in the wake of disasters and humanitarian crises.

BackgroundPrior research has found higher rates of mental health problems among sexual minority individuals. We examine treatment-seeking for depression, as well as its relationship with sexual orientation, in a large, multilingual, international sample.MethodParticipants in an automated, quintilingual internet-based depression screening tool were screened for depression, and completed several background measures, including sexual orientation (with an option to decline to state) and past and current depression treatment seeking.Results3695 participants screened positive for current or past depression and responded to the sexual orientation question. Those who declined to state their sexual orientation were far less likely to seek any treatment than individuals endorsing any orientation; they were especially unlikely to seek psychotherapy. Individuals identifying as bisexual sought both psychotherapy and alternative treatments at a higher rate than other groups. An interaction was observed between sexual orientation and gender, such that lesbian women were especially likely to have used psychotherapy. Other variables that emerged as significant predictors of treatment-seeking for depression included age and participant's language.LimitationsLimitations include possible misinterpretation of translated terms due to regional differences, and possible limits to generalizability due to this study being conducted on the internet.ConclusionsOur results suggest that individuals who decline to state their sexual orientation may be more likely to forgo effective treatments for depression. Further studies of depression service utilization should focus on developing treatment modalities that could better engage sexual minority individuals, especially those who are reluctant to disclose their orientation.

Self-harm behaviors (performed with either lethal and non-lethal intentions) are common, especially among individuals suffering from mood disorders, and the reasons individuals self-harm vary both by person and by the type of behavior. Understanding these variations may help clinicians determine levels of risk more accurately. To understand whether culture and gender are associated with the likelihood of engaging in specific self-harm behaviors and whether the intention (lethal, ambivalent, non-lethal) of these behaviors vary with culture and gender. 2826 individuals took part in an international multilingual online depression/suicidality screening study and reported at least one instance of self-harm in the past year. Participants were grouped into six broad cultural categories (Latin America, South Asia, Russian, Western English, Chinese, Arab). 3-way (culture x gender x intent) interactions were observed for several self-harm behaviors (overdosing, self-burning, asphyxiating, poisoning, and jumping from heights), suggesting that individuals engage in each of these behaviors with different intentions depending on gender and culture. Cultures and genders likewise differed in the likelihood of engaging in several self-harm behaviors. Clinicians should consider culture and gender when assessing for suicide risk, as similar self-harming behaviors may reflect different intentions depending on an individual's culture and gender. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim of the study: The COVID-19 pandemic has adversely affected the mental health of most populations and communities. This study sought to investigate the impact of COVID-19 on the likelihood of engaging in selfharm behaviors in a high-risk group. Material and Methods: Participants (N = 659) were recruited to a multilingual depression/suicide screener. Counts of self-harm behaviors with intent to die, with ambivalent intent, and with no intent to die were examined during two time periods - mid-COVID-19 (March 15 to July 15 of 2021) and pre-COVID-19 (March 15 to July 15 periods of 2018-9). Results: Regarding self-harm behaviors with the intent to die, pre-COVID-19, men were less likely to selfharm than women, whereas mid-COVID-19, the rates of these behaviors were similar for both genders and higher than pre-COVID-19. Regarding self-harm behaviors with ambivalent intent, a 3-way (cohort*gender*age group) interaction was noted, with younger men reporting fewer behaviors mid-COVID-19 compared to pre-COVID-19 and other men - more such behaviors; for women, these behaviors increased somewhat regardless of age group. Discussion: The COVID-19 pandemic may have altered the pattern and likelihood of engaging in self-harm behaviors. The effect of COVID-19 on these behaviors may be different for men and women, depending on their age and the type of behavior. Conclusions: Providers should be mindful of the potential of self-harming in the pandemic era, especially among those with existing risk factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction This research, through the analysis of the case-law of the Inter-American Court of Human Rights (IACtHR), seeks to shed light on the nexus between families of the missing' claims, their agency and State compliance with reparations. The IACtHR has a unique follow-up system in the area of reparations, where victims can directly address the judges during hearings. This paper suggests that victims' participation - before and after the judgment- pervades the legal rigidity of international jurisdictions and contributes to a better understanding of reparations., Introduction: The number of forcibly displaced immigrants seeking asylum in the United States continues to rapidly increase. Movement from Latin America to the United States was the third-largest migration worldwide in 2017 (Leyva-Flores et al., 2019). As migration patterns change, understanding the background and trauma profile of newly displaced populations is essential to meet their health needs and aid successful resettlement. University-affiliated student-run asylum clinics conduct a growing number of forensic medical evaluations of asylum seekers and provide a vital lens to study changes in this population's profile over time., Methods: A retrospective review was conducted of the first 102 asylum seekers receiving forensic medical evaluations between 2019 and 2021 at a university-affiliated student- run clinic, reporting demographics; trauma, medical, and mental health histories; referral patterns; and legal outcomes. Bivariate statistics were used to investigate the relationship between past trauma and mental health outcomes., Results: Clients reported an average of 4.4 different types of physical, psychological, and sexual ill-treatment per person. The current mental health burden was extensive with 86.9 percent of clients reporting symptoms of PTSD and/or depression. Clinician-student teams evaluated clients within a clinic structure deploying a continuous improvement model to reduce common barriers to forensic evaluations and promote longitudinal follow- up and referrals., Discussion: This study demonstrates the complexity of trauma exposure reported by asylum seekers, contributes to the evidence on how trauma results in mental health outcomes, and describes trauma-centred clinic adaptations that reduce barriers to forensic evaluations known to improve the rates of legal protection.