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Myzocallis (Myzocallis) macrolepidis sp. n. General diagnosis Body pale yellow in alate morph, with rather small and weakly pigmented spinal and marginal abdominal sclerifications. Head and thorax moderately pigmented all around, with a narrow brown line on anterior sides of prothorax. Antennae about ¾ of body length and pale, with apical part of III–V and the sensillar area of VI joints brown pigmented. Wings hyaline, with a part for a small brownish area at bases of pterostigma and the base of cubital veins in fore wings. Legs mostly pale, with slightly brownish distal part of tibiae and tarsi. Siphunculi short, truncate conical and rather pale. Cauda pale, short and knobbed. Alatoid nymphs paler than alates, with numerous and capitate pale setae on dorsum, in paired groups of spinals and marginals; antennal joints pigmentation similar to that of alates. Morphology Alate viviparous female (28 specimens examined), Fig. 1a–h and Fig. 2a; Tab. 2 A delicate and rather small aphid species, 1.05–2.10 mm in body length. Colour in life pale yellow with red eyes. Body pigmentation given by two marginal narrow brown stripes on prothorax and two paired abdominal series of spinal and marginal brown patches; these latter are moderately sclerified and show a finely spiculated cuticle, mainly evident on marginal spots. The eighth urotergite with a narrow transverse browning band. Dorsal body hairs all thick and more or less distinctly capitate or rarely blunt, as sometimes they are on urotergites posterior to siphunculi, including the 8 th urotergite. Ventral body hairs all finely acute apically (26–34 µm long on 3 rd urosternite). One brachypterous available specimen has dorsal body hairs even strongly capitate and slightly longer compared to normal winged specimens. No. 1 is the holotype; ns. 2–16 are paratypes. All specimens collected on Q. macrolepis at Tricase (Lecce province), Italy; ns. 1,12: 3.XI.90; ns. 2–5, 11, 13, 14: 6. V.91; ns. 6–9, 15: 10. V.18; ns. 10, 16: 11. V.18. Abbreviations: Bl = body length; Al = antennal length; Ajl = III– VI antennal joints length; Rhin. III = no. of secondary rhinaria on III antennal joint; Urj = ultimate rostral joint length; IIht = second hind tarsomer length; Sl = siphuncular length. Head with a sinuate frontal profile, due to the low antennal tubercles and the median prominence bearing the third ocellus. Frontal hairs, mostly 24–32 µm long, rarely up to 55 µm as seen in one or two specimens. Dorsal chaetotaxy performed by two couples of anterior discals, placed on small wart-like elevations, and three pairs of posterior (occipital) hairs. All discal hairs are as a rule thicker than frontals, 26–40 µm long or 1.6–2.5 times the basal articular diameter of III antennal joint (IIId). Antennae 0.66–0.98 of body length, pale in colour, except for the brown distal part of III–V joints and the sensillar area of VI. Joint III 1.00–1.60 (most frequently 1.10–1.30) of the distal part of VI joint. The latter has a processus terminalis 2.00–2.30 (on average 2.10, n=26) times its basal part. The 1–4 rounded and finely dotted secondary rhinaria are placed on 0.25–0.55 basal part of III antennal joint (IIIa); their diameter is 0.45–0.90 times of IIIa at the point of their insertion. Primary rhinaria regularly ciliated; the main one on VIa is 1.10–1.25 times the diameter of that on Va. First and second antennal joints bearing respectively 3 (rarely 4) and 2 hairs, the inner one of which is more or less distinctly capitate, 12–20 µm long or 0.75–1.25 times IIId. Hairs on antennal flagellum all short and acute at apex; those on IIIa are 4–5 in number and 7–14 µm long or 0.48–0.75 times IIId. Rostrum 0.30–0.45 mm, pale with darkish apex and reaching the middle of mesosternum. Last rostral joint (urj) acute conical in shape, 0.110 –0.155 mm (measured from dorsal rim) and 3–4 times its basal diameter; it bears 5–8 supplementary hairs. Ratio urj/IIht 1.36–1.60 (average of 25 measured specimens, 1.49), and ratio urj/VIb 0.95–1.25 (average of 28 specimens, 1.06). Thorax with a rather pale integument, except for the two brownish, spiculated small strips on antero-marginal sides of pronotum. Dorsal chaetotaxy of the latter represented by four couples of spinal hairs (18–48 µm long) on the discal area and one marginal pair (16–34 µm) placed on the external sides of posterior lobe. A couple of small pleural hairs (usually not present in other known species of subg. Myzocallis) is present on anterior part of the pronotum in several specimens. Mesothoracic lobes each bearing about 8–12 mostly capitate or subcapitate hairs up to 30–52 µm long. Forewing with hyaline membrane and pale venation, except for the brown basal part of Cu1–Cu2 and a small spot at the base of pterostigma, as usual in Myzocallis s. str. The latter, measured from the base of M vein, just behind its brown spot, is 3.50–4.70 times longer than wide. Rs vein complete, albeit faintly evident. Legs mostly pale, except for the slightly infuscated distal part of femora and tibiae, including tarsi. Forelegs with coxae and femora slightly enlarged, comparatively to middle and hind legs. Distal part of tibiae and tarsi with spiculose cuticle. Hind tibiae about half (0.40–0.60) of body length. Dorsal femoral hairs subcapitate or blunt at apex, 16–25 µm long or 0.40–0.60 of trocantro-femoral suture diameter. Tibiae with their outer hairs blunt or moderately knobbed on basal part and progressively more acute towards their distal part, where they are 16–32 µm long or 0.85–1.40 times the median tibial width. Rastral organ represented by 3–4 spur-like setae, which are thicker in the fore tibiae compared to the other two pairs. First hind tarsomer with 2 dorsal and 5 ventral hairs. Empodial hairs flabellate. Abdomen with dorsal hairs clustered into double spinal and marginal groups, each bearing 4–5 (6) hairs on 1 st –4 th urotergites and 2–4 on 5 th –7 th urites; their length varies from 10–40 µm (spinals) to 8–28 µm (marginals). The 8 th urotergite bearing a row of 5–8 blunt or subcapitate hairs of 18–36 µm. Siphunculi truncate and mostly pale or slightly infuscated towards apex, with nearly smooth cuticle. They are 0.055 –0.070 mm long and subequal to or just longer (0.90–1.20) of their basal diameter. Cauda pale, with its knobbed distal part shorter (0.75–0.90) than wide. Caudal hairs 9–12, of which four longer ones placed on the distal border and the remaining on the ventral side of the knob part of cauda, as usual in this aphid group. Anal plate deeply indented, with 7–10 long hairs for each of the two lobes. Genital plate with 6–10 hairs along the distal margin and about 8–10 on its discal part. Gonochaetae in two groups of 4–6 small hairs each. Fundatrix (1 specimen examined) One alate viviparous with a comparatively shorter processus terminalis (collected in early May), is here tentatively regarded as a fundatrix, though not discarding the possibility of being it a fundatrigenia specimen of 2 nd generation. Its main difference (see Tab. 2, specimen no. 11) from summer generation specimens is the lower ratio of antennal processus terminalis against the basal part of VI antennal joint (1.69 vs. 2.00–2.30); in addition, the same specimen has a slightly longer ultimate rostral segment (ratio urj/IIht = 1.64 vs. 1.36–1.60 of summer fundatrigeniae), which bears 8 supplementary hairs. No other significant morphological divergences within standard fundatrigeniae have been detected. Embryo (10 specimens examined) The embryo has a chaetotaxy protopattern of well knobbed long marginal and spinal hairs. The latter pairs are all mesially aligned and shortened on prothorax, 1 st and 5 th urites, as in all other known taxa of subgenus Myzocallis. Those on 1 st and 5 th urotergites are 15–20 µm and 16–25 µm, respectively; the formers are subequal to or not much longer (0.94–1.20) than diameter of siphuncular pori, which is 15–19 µm. Spinal hairs on 2 nd, 3 rd and 4 th urotergites are clearly longer, being respectively 40–54 µm, 46–55 µm and 50–78 µm, equivalent to 0.95–1.20 (those on 2 nd –3 rd urotergites) up to 1.20–1.70 (on 4 th urite) times the distance between their bases on respective abdominal segments. Alatoid nymph (20 specimens examined), Fig. 1i–j and Fig. 2b; Tab. 2 Body length 0.95–1.40 mm. Colour in life very pale yellow, with light brown spinal and marginal sclerifications. These pigmented patches tend to discolour during the specimen maceration process and therefore they can become hardly detectable on slides mounted material. Antennae pale, except for the brown distal part of III–V joints and the sensillar area of VIa. Rostrum, legs, and siphunculi pale. Dorsal body hairs stout and well knobbed apically; the diameter of the main hairs distal knob is on average equivalent to or wider (1.2–1.3, rarely up to 1.4) than the basal width of the same hairs. Cephalic and pronotal hairs are all similar in length: frontals 60–110 µm, discals 65–115 µm, pronotals 65–125 µm (hairs length is inclusive of their basal papilla). Hairs on meso-metathorax and abdominal segments anterior to siphunculi clustered into spinal and marginal groups of (3)4–5 hairs each. Urotergites 6 th –7 th bearing 2–3 hairs only for each group, occasionally with a reduction to a single marginal hair on 7 th urotergite. Eighth urotergite with a transverse row of 3–5 dorsal hairs. The length of all these dorsal body hairs consistently varies within each group from about 10–50 µm of smaller ones to a maximum of 70–160 µm, either as spinals and marginals; the latters are on average slightly longer than the formers. In addition, smaller pleural hairs (1–2 for each side) are usually present from first to fifth urotergites; their length varies from 10–12 up to 30–35 µm. Head with frontal profile moderately convex. Antennae usually shorter (0.70–0.95) or rarely a little longer (up to 1.10 in some smaller specimens) than the body. Joint III shorter (0.68–0.92) than processus terminalis of VI joint; the latter is 1.90–2.36 (mostly not less than twice) times the basal part of the same antennomer. First and II antennal joints each bearing a couple of capitate hairs, of which the inner one on II joint (35–53 µm long or 1.80–2.74 times the diameter of IIId) is usually just longer than the correspondent hair on I joint. The III antennal segment bears as a rule one capitate hair (12–30 µm long or 0.60–1.48 of IIId), placed at its inner third basal part; a second and much smaller, subcapitate or blunt hair (6–10 µm long) can be only occasionally present more apically on the same joint. In addition, a few inconspicuous and acute hairs (5–10 µm long, or 0.26–0.50 of IIId) are regularly distributed on flagellar joints. Rostrum ventrally reaching the middle of mesothorax; its last joint is very similar to that of alate viviparous either in shape and size, 1.34–1.54 (but rarely less than 1.40) times the IIht and 1.02–1.32 of VIb; it bears 5–7 supplementary hairs likewise that of alate morph. Legs with dorsal femoral hairs more or less knobbed and up to 22–35 µm long, or 0.50–0.75 of the trochantrofemoral suture on hind legs. Tibiae with outer hairs rather knobbed or blunt on their basal part, becoming finely pointed towards the distal part of the same tibiae; these latter hairs have a length of 32–55 µm and are 1.10–2.20 times the median tibial diameter. Hind tarsus with 5 ventral hairs. Distal part of tibiae and tarsi regularly spinulated. Siphunculi truncated, with a smooth cuticle; they are 0.034 –0.048 mm long, being subequal in length (0.80– 1.10) to their basal width. Types As holotype is selected an alate viviparous female collected on Quercus macrolepis Kotschy at Tricase (Lecce province), Italy, (39.927885N / 18.378744E, 70 m a.s.l.), now stored in the collection of the senior co-author (S.B.) at the Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania (Italy). Paratypes are ns. 28 viviparous alatae, and ns. 20 alatoid nymphs (4 th immature instar); all of them were collected on the same host plant species in the common area of Tricase, as the holotype, during the years 1990–92 and in 2018 by co-authors. Paratypes are stored in the collection of the senior co-author as the holotype and part deposited at the Natural History Museum of London (UK) and the collection of Prof. J.M. Nieto Nafria, Department of Biodiversity and Environment, University of León (Spain). Molecular analysis All species were successfully sequenced, obtaining DNA fragments of 623 bp in length with a base composition of A=34.7%, C=15%, T=40.3 and G=10%. Among Myzocallis species, 541 sites were conserved and 82 variables, of which 49 parsimony-informative. The interspecific genetic distances (expressed as percentage of sequence divergence) among all Myzocallis samples is on average 5.5%, ranging from 2.3% (between M. schreiberi and M. glandulosa) to 8.0% (between M. schreiberi and M. occidentalis). The mean genetic distance of M. macrolepidis from the other congeneric species is shown in Tab. 3. These distances are graphically reported in the NJ tree (Fig. 4) on which the species are subdivided into two main groups. One cluster joints together M. carpini, M. coryli, M. occidentalis, and more separately, M. boerneri. In the other group are included M. macrolepidis, distinct from M. glandulosa and M. schreiberi, that cluster together. M. macrolepidis showed a significant genetic distance comparatively to all other species of the subgenus, with the lowest value of 2.3% recorded against M. schreiberi, which is the most genetically related taxon. Etymology The specific name of the new aphid taxon derives from that of its host plant species. Ecology and distribution The aphid described has been collected so far only on Valonia oak (Q. macrolepis) in the Apulia region, southern Italian peninsula (see ‘Types’ for details). The insect life cycle remains unknown at present, though very probably the aphid is a monoecious and holocyclic species, as most of its congeneric taxa are. That oak has an eastern Mediterranean distribution, which involves a very restricted area of S.E. Italy, Albany, and Greece (a ‘trans-ionian’ distributed oak species) with extension to the Middle East. It belongs, taxonomically, to the group (or ‘section’) of Cerroid oak species sensu Denk & Grimm (2010) and, as above mentioned, is strictly allied to Q. ithaburensis (the main host plant species of M. glandulosa). M. macrolepidis could possibly have a coincident distribution within its host plant oak. The aphid is not myrmecophilous and lives on the underside of leaves, sometimes in mixed colonies with the congeneric M. (Pasekia) komareki (Pašek). Nevertheless, the latter can be easily separated (use an 8x pocket lens) by its deeper yellow body colour and the darker, rather large abdominal dorsal sclerifications, which are also bordered by a darker pigmented ring on spinal ones.

Key to species. The present key may help to separate alate fundatrigeniae (except where otherwise quoted) of the five oak-living aphid species belonging to subgenus Myzocallis. Further accounts can be supplied from Quednau & Remaudière (1994), Quednau (1999) and Blackman & Eastop (2021). Additional biometric data are reported in Tab. 4. 1. Viviparous morphs both alatae and apterae.Abdominal spinal sclerifications, when present (they occasionally lack in some pale apterous specimens), usually coalescing along their median line on urotergites 4 th and 5 th (or 4 th –7 th in apterae). Last rostral joint acute-conical; its ratio to 2 nd hind tarsomer (urj/IIht) 1.16–1.30 in alatae, 1.26–1.45 in apterous viviparous morph. Apterae and their 4 th instar nymphs with dorsal body hairs strongly capitate: i.e. distal knobs of spinal hairs on 1 st –5 th urites mostly larger (up to 1.4–1.9) than the basal width of the same hairs. Embryos with spinal hairs on 2 nd –4 th segment from 0.7–0.9 up to 1.00–1.25 (on 4 th urite) times their basal distance on the same segment. On Q. ithaburensis and Q. persica in the Middle East (Israel, Iran, Turkey)................................................................... M. glandulosa Hille Ris Lambers - All viviparous alatae, with abdominal spinal sclerifications always well separated along the median line on all urotergites. Ratio urj/IIht 0.90–2.10. Alatoid nymphs with dorsal body hairs having comparatively smaller knobs and embryos with spinal hairs on 2 nd –4 th abdominal segment varying from about 0.50 to 1.95 of their basal distance on the same segment. On other oak species.............................................................................................. 2 2. Last rostral joint narrow and stiletto-shaped, 0.15–0.22 mm long, with nearby parallel sides for most of its length and 4–5 times longer than wide at base; its ratio to 2 nd hind tarsomer (urj/IIht) 1.50–2.10 (but only rarely less than 1.60). Ratio urj/VIb 1.25–1.70. Embryos with spinal hairs on 2 nd –4 th abdominal segments (mainly the pair on 4 th urite) usually longer (1.25–1.95) than their basal distance on the same segment. Holocyclic on Q. pyrenaica in SW. Europe (France, Spain, Portugal)........................................................................ M. occidentalis Remaudière & Nieto Nafria - Last rostral joint acute conical 0.090 –0.155 mm and not longer than 4 times of its basal width (seen from a normal dorso-ventral position); its ratio to 2 nd hind tarsomer 0.90–1.60. Ratio urj/VIb 0.70–1.25. Embryos with spinal hairs on 2 nd –4 th abdominal segments 0.50–1.70 of the distance between their bases. On different oak species................................... 3 3. Last rostral joint 0.110 –0.155 mm (up to 1.60 in fundatrix) and ratio urj/IIht 1.36–1.60. Ratio urj/VIb 0.95–1.25. Dorsal body hairs (i.e. discals on head, thorax and 1 st –5 th abdominal segments) capitate, subcapitate or at least blunt at apex, and ranging (12)16–52 µm in length. Alatoid nymphs with dorsal body hairs, as above quoted (couplet 1.) well capitate, with distal knobs mostly from subequal to wider (0.9–1.3) in diameter than the basal width of the same hairs. Embryos with spinal hairs on 2 nd –4 th abdominal segments 0.90–1.70 (1.15–1.70 on 4 th urite) of distance between their bases. On Q. macrolepidis; so far only known from S. Italy (Apulia region)........................................................... M. macrolepidis sp. n. - Last rostral joint 0.090 –0.132 mm long (up to 0.135 in fundatrix of M. boerneri) and ratio urj/IIht 0.90–1.45. Ratio urj/VIb 0.70–1.10. Dorsal body hairs as above quoted, either all acute and 14–22 µm long (M. schreiberi) or variable at apex from rather acute to subcapitate or capitate and usually ranging 10–30 µm (occasionally up to 32–38 µm). Alatoid nymphs with dorsal body hairs (namely on 1 st –5 th urites) moderately capitate, i.e.: knobs diameter mostly subequal or smaller (0.8–1.1) than the basal width of the same hairs. Embryos with spinal hairs on 2 nd –4 th urites (0.50–1.20 higher values refer to hairs on 4 th urite) of their basal distance........................................................................................ 4 4. Last rostral joint 0.094 –0.132 mm long and ratio urj/IIht 1.18–1.45 (most frequently 1.20–1.35). Dorsal body hairs (head, thorax and abdominal segments anterior to siphunculi) all short (14–22 µm long) and acute at apex. An anholocyclic taxon living on evergreen oaks, such as Q. ilex, Q. suber, Q. x crenata in W. Europe and the Mediterranean...................................................................................... M. schreiberi Hille Ris Lambers & Stroyan - Last rostral joint 0.090 –0.125 mm (0.115 –0.135 mm in fundatrix), and ratio urj/IIht (0.84)0.90–1.25 (up to 130 in fundatrix and 2 nd spring generation of viviparous alatae). Dorsal body hairs variable in length and shape from rather acute or blunt, (10)14–26 µm (prevailing in summer generations), to subcapitate or capitate ones, 28–38 µm long (mainly in fundatrix and early spring generations). A holocyclic species usually common on Q. cerris, though also living on a number of additional oak species. Widespread from SW. Europe and the Mediterranean eastward to the Middle East, also introduced outside its native area........................................................................................ M. boerneri Stroyan, Published as part of Barbagallo, Sebastiano & Massimino Cocuzza, Giuseppe E., 2022, Description of a new Myzocallis (Hemiptera Aphididae) living on Valonia oak in Southern Italy with DNA barcoding accounts on allied species-group, pp. 187-202 in Zootaxa 5183 (1) on pages 200-201, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5183.1.15, http://zenodo.org/record/7070072, {"references":["Quednau F. W. & Remaudiere (1994) Le genre Myzocallis Passerini 1980: classification mondiale des sous-genres et nouvelles especes palearctiques (Homoptera: Aphididae). Canadian Entomologist, 126, 303 - 326. https: // doi. org / 10.4039 / Ent 126303 - 2","Quednau, F. W. (1999) Atlas of the Drepanosiphine aphids of the world. Part I: Panaphidini Oestlund, 1922 - Myzocallidina Borner, 1942 (1930) (Hemiptera: Aphididae: Calaphidinae). The American Entomology Institute, Gainesville, FL, 281 pp.","Blackman, R. L. & Eastop, V. F. (2021) Aphids on the World's Plants. An Online Identification and Information Guide. Available from: http: // www. aphidsonworldsplants. info (accessed 10 March 2021)"]}

The aphid Myzocallis macrolepidis sp. n. is described from the Apulia region, Italy, where it was collected on Quercus macrolepis. The new taxon has a pale-yellow colour in life as alate viviparous females and paler nymphs. Its life cycle remains unknown at present, as sexual morphs were not yet collected; nevertheless, being the aphid host plant a deciduous oak species, very probably the insect performs a monoecious holocycle. Morphologically most similar aphids are M. occidentalis and M. schreiberi from which the new species can be mainly distinguished by the different ratio of last rostral joint to second hind tarsomer and a few other morphological and ecological features. The molecular analysis also confirms the genetic difference of the new taxon from the other allied congeneric species, and molecular differences are briefly discussed.

Macrosiphum eastopi Barjadze & Blackman sp. n. Figs 1���13 and 19, Table 1 Type material. Holotype: 1 apt., coll. no. GEZAG 20110730���01, deposited at IZISU, GEORGIA, Samegrelo��� Zemo Svaneti region, Mestia district, Zagaro Pass, N 42��54', E 43��6', 2620 m a.s.l., 30.vii.2011, on Oberna multifida Ikonn., leg. Sh. Barjadze; Paratypes: 7 apt. and 2 al. on 9 slides, coll. no. GEZAG 20110730���02���10; 8 apt. on 2 slides, coll. no. GEZAG 19570817���01���08, locality and host plant same as for holotype; 17.viii.1957, leg. A. Dzhibladze; 4 m. on 4 slides, coll. no. GEZAG 19570817���09���12, the same data as paratype females sampled on 17.viii.1957. Deposition of type material: holotype and paratypes GEZAG 20110730���05, 0 7, 0 8, 10, GEZAG 19570817��� 05���08 and GEZAG 19570817���09���12 are deposited at IZISU; paratypes GEZAG 20110730���02, 0 9 and GEZAG 19570817���01���04 are deposited at BMNH; paratypes GEZAG 20110730���03, 0 4, 0 6 are deposited at UCI. Etymology. The specific name is given in honour of Dr. Victor Eastop, who worked on aphid taxonomy for more than 60 years. Description. Apterous viviparous female (n=16) Appearance in life: body pale green with pale green cauda; SIPH pale green with black apices; femora and tibiae yellowish with brown or black apices; tarsi brown or black. Appearance on slide: ANT I and II pale; ANT III either entirely pale except for dark apex, or only basal unsensoriated part of ANT III is pale, while sensoriated part of ANT III dusky or dark; ANT IV���V pale with dark apex or wholly dusky or dark; ANT VI wholly dusky or dark (Figs 1, 3, 5); head, thorax and abdomen pale; abdomen without any dark sclerotisation (Figs 2���4); URS dark (Fig. 7); apices of femora and tibiae dark (Figs 2, 4); tarsi brown (Fig. 6); SIPH mainly pale with dark apex or gradually darker on the distal half; cauda pale (Fig. 4). Slide���mounted specimens: body oval or spindle���shaped (Figs 2, 4), medium sized, BW 0.51���0.57�� BL. ANT 6���segmented, ANT tubercles well developed (Figs 2���3). ANT setae pointed (Fig. 5). Sec. rhin. present on one side of ANT III over most of its length, numbering 13���33 all of similar size, almost in a single row (Fig. 5). Cephalic setae pointed. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. Rostrum short, reaching to or just passing middle coxae (Fig. 2). URS oblong triangular with blunt apex (Fig. 7). HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal one���third to half of length. Small MTu often present on ABD TERG II���IV. ABD TERG VIII with 0���1 STu. SIPH cylindrical, with enlarged base and small flange (Fig. 4); smooth, except for apical reticulated area covering 0.11���0.21 part of length of SIPH and slightly constricted. SIPH length 7.52���12.50�� its middle diameter. Subgenital plate broadly oval and sclerotized (Fig. 8). Cauda elongate triangular and slightly constricted at basal 1/3 (Fig. 4). A late viviparous female (n=2) Appearance in life: unknown. Appearance on slide: ANT I���VI segments brown, except for basal unsensoriated part of ANT III, which is paler (Figs 9, 11, 13); head and thorax brown (Figs 10���11); rostrum pale except for segments III ���V, which are pale brown; coxa and trochanter pale; femora and tibiae pale except for brown apices; tarsus brown; tergum of abdomen anterior of SIPH pale with small brown marginal sclerites on ABD TERG I���V and with dusky bands on ABD TERG VII ��� VIII; basal half of SIPH pale, while apical half dusky; subgenital and anal plates dusky; cauda pale (Figs 10, 12). Slide���mounted specimens: body spindle���shaped (Fig. 10), medium sized, BW 0.52���0.55�� BL. ANT 6��� segmented, ANT tubercles well developed (Fig. 11). Sec. rhin. present on one side of ANT III over most of its length, numbering 36���43 all of similar size, almost in a single row (Fig. 9). Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. Rostrum short, reaching to middle coxae. HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal half to twothirds of length. Small MTu present on ABD TERG II���IV. ABD TERG VII���VIII with 2, and 1 or 2 STu respectively. SIPH with apical reticulated area covering 0.16���0.19 part of the length of SIPH and distinctly constricted. SIPH length 9.97���12.65�� its middle diameter. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Alate male (n=4) Appearance in life: unknown. Appearance on slide: ANT brown except for basal part of ANT III, which is slightly pale; head, rostrum, thorax and SIPH brown; femora and tibiae pale except for brown apices; tarsus brown; ABD TERG I��� VII with dark brown marginal areas, ante��� and postsiphuncular sclerites developed; ABD TERG I��� VII with spinal and pleural or spinopleural bars; ABD TERG VIII with transverse bands; cauda dusky (Fig. 19). Slide���mounted specimens: body spindle���shaped (Fig. 19), medium���sized, BW 0.37���0.43�� BL. ANT 6��� segmented, ANT tubercles well developed. Number of sec. rhin. on ANT III: 58���75, on ANT IV: 0���5, and on ANT V: 12���19. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth. Rostrum short, reaching to middle coxae. HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal one���third to half of length. MTu present on ABD TERG I���V, their number varying between 4 and 8. ABD TERG VII with 0���2 STu. SIPH with apical reticulated area covering 0.20���0.35 part of the length of SIPH and constricted. SIPH length 7.23���10.51�� its middle diameter. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Measurements, ratios and chaetotaxy for the above���described morphs are given in Table 1. Biology. Macrosiphum eastopi sp. n. is monoecious and holocyclic, with alate males collected in August. Apterae of this species live in sparse colonies on the undersides of leaves and stems of Oberna multifida. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Zagaro Pass���southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range, Mestia district, Samegrelo���Zemo Svaneti Region, Western Georgia. ......continued on the next page, Published as part of Barjadze, Shalva, Barbagallo, Sebastiano, Blackman, Roger & ��zdemir, I��il, 2017, A new Caryophyllaceae-feeding species of Macrosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Republic of Georgia, and a redescription of Macrosiphum hartigi Hille Ris Lambers in Zootaxa 4341 (2) on pages 231-234, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4341.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1039514

Redescription of Macrosiphum hartigi Hille Ris Lambers, 1947 Figs 14���18, 20���24, Table 2 as Macrosiphum montanum in Hille Ris Lambers, 1931: 20; 1935: 63 and 1939: 95 as Macrosiphum hartigi in Hille Ris Lambers, 1947: 319 Material examined. Co���types: 19 apt., coll. no. BM 1984-340, north���eastern ITALY, Bolzano province, Collalbo, N 46��32', E 11��27', 1142 m a.s.l., 31.viii.1930, on Silene inflata (= S. vulgaris), leg. D. Hille Ris Lambers (at BMNH); Other material: 5 apt. and 2 al., coll. no. BM 1984-340, north���eastern ITALY, Trento province, Madonna di Campiglio, N 46��13', E 10��49', 1522 m a.s.l., 27.vi.1933, on Silene inflata (= S. vulgaris), leg. F. Hartig (at BMNH); 17 apt., coll. no. 3059, north���eastern ITALY, Udine province, Lusevera, N 46��16', E 13��16', 456 m a.s.l., 31.v.1986, on Silene vulgaris, leg. S. Barbagallo (at UCI); 2 apt., coll. no. BM 1984-340, SWITZERLAND, canton of Valais, Zeneggen, N 46��16', E 7��51', 1384 m a.s.l., without date, on Silene vulgaris, leg. A. St��ger (at BMNH); 1 apt. and 4 al., coll. no. 2822, FRANCE, Utelle, N 43��55', E 7��14', 792 m a.s.l., 11.v.1969, on Stellaria holostea, leg. F. Leclant (at IEC); 2 al., coll. no. BM 1984-340, AUSTRIA, Innsbruck, N 47��16', E 11��22', 716 m a.s.l., 11.vi.1950, on Silene vulgaris, leg. D. Hille Ris Lambers (at BMNH); 1 f., coll. no. 4209, SWITZERLAND, Airolo, N 46��31', E 8��36', 1215 m a.s.l., 27.v.1956, on Silene inflata (= S. vulgaris), leg. W. Meier (at BMNH); 4 ov., coll. no. 12,226/9, SWITZERLAND, Arosa, N 46��46', E 9��40', 1737 m a.s.l., 13.x.1968, on Linum alpinum, leg. W. Meier (at BMNH); 7 m., coll. no. 6141, ITALY, Trento province, Vigo di Fassa, N 46��25', E 11��40', 1429 m a.s.l., 15.ix.2004, on Silene vulgaris, leg. S. Barbagallo (at UCI); 3 m., coll. no. 7811, ITALY, Cuneo province, Crissolo (Pian del Re)���, N 44��42', E 7��5', 2011 m a.s.l., 14.ix.2011, on Silene vulgaris, leg. S. Barbagallo (at UCI). Description. Fundatrix (n=1) Appearance in life: unknown. Appearance on slide: ANT I���III pale; ANT IV and V darker towards apices; ANT VI wholly dark; head, thorax and abdomen pale, without any dark sclerotisation; URS dark; SIPH dark at apices; cauda pale (Fig. 14). Slide���mounted specimen: body oval (Fig. 14), medium sized, BW 0.59�� BL. ANT 6���segmented, ANT tubercles weakly developed. ANT III with three small sec. rhin. on basal half (other ANT missing). Rostrum short, reaching to middle coxae. SIPH cylindrical, smooth, with enlarged base and small flange; apical reticulated area covering about 0.12 part of the length of SIPH and slightly constricted. SIPH length 4.65�� its middle diameter. Cauda elongated tongue���shaped with very slight constriction at basal 1/3. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Apterous viviparous female (n=44) Appearance in life: Body green with faint covering of greyish wax; ANT yellowish brown; apices of tibiae and tarsi dark brown or black; SIPH pale green with blackish apices; cauda green (Hille Ris Lambers 1939). Appearance on slide: ANT I and II pale or pale brown, pigmentation of flagellar segments variable, always progressively darker distally; ANT III either wholly pale except for dark at apex only, or only pale at base with both sensoriated part and apex dusky or dark; ANT IV pale or darker towards apex or wholly dark; ANT V dark distally or wholly dark; ANT VI wholly dark; head, thorax and abdomen pale; abdomen without any dark sclerotisation; URS dark; legs either mainly pale or with distal parts of femora and most part of tibiae dusky/dark, tibial apices and tarsi very dark brown/black (Fig. 22); SIPH mainly pale with usually dark apices or completely dark except pale basal part; cauda pale (Fig. 15). Slide���mounted specimens: body oval or spindle���shaped (Fig. 15), medium sized, BW 0.49���0.64�� BL. ANT 6��� segmented (Fig. 15), ANT tubercles well developed (Fig. 15). ANT setae pointed (Fig. 20). Sec. rhin. present on one side of ANT III over most of its length, numbering 10���24 all of similar size, almost in a single row. Cephalic setae pointed. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. Rostrum short, reaching to or just passing middle coxae. URS oblong triangular with blunt apex (Fig. 21). HFEM with very small and spiculated imbrications usually visible on their distal two���thirds. Small MTu usually present on most of ABD TERG II���VI. ABD TERG VII���VIII each with 0���2 small STu. SIPH cylindrical, smooth, with enlarged base and small flange (Fig. 24); apical reticulated area covering 0.09���0.22 part of the length of SIPH and slightly constricted. SIPH length 5.98���12.06�� its middle diameter. Subgenital plate widely oval and sclerotized. Cauda elongate triangular and slightly constricted at basal 1/3 (Fig. 23). Alate viviparous female (n=8) Appearance in life: As in apterous viviparous females, but head and thorax brown and abdomen with brown marginal spots; SIPH brown (Hille Ris Lambers 1939). Appearance on slide: ANT dark except for pale base of ANT III; head dark; coxae, trochanters and basal halves of femora pale; femora darker on distal halves and very dark towards apices; tibiae pale or pale brown on proximal two���thirds and dark on about distal third, with very dark tibial apices or tibiae completely dark; tarsi dark; abdomen pale, without any dark dorsal sclerotisation except for small pale brown marginal sclerites; SIPH pale basally, becoming gradually darker distally or completely dark; cauda pale (Fig. 17). Slide���mounted specimens: body spindle���shaped (Fig. 17), medium���sized, BW 0.41���0.47�� BL. ANT 6��� segmented (Fig. 17), ANT tubercles well developed. Sec. rhin. present on one side of ANT III over most of its length, numbering 18���35 all of similar size, almost in a single row. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal one���third to half of length. SIPH cylindrical, smooth, with enlarged base and very small flange; apical reticulated area covering 0.16���0.20 part of the length of SIPH and slightly constricted. SIPH length 8.00���11.85�� its middle diameter. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Oviparous female (n=4) Appearance in life: unknown. Appearance on slide: pigmentation very similar to apterous viviparous female, except that hind tibiae are sometimes darker over most of length (Fig. 16). Slide���mounted specimens: body oval or broadly spindle���shaped (Fig. 16), medium sized, BW 0.55���0.61�� BL. ANT 6���segmented, ANT tubercles well developed. Sec. rhin. present on one side of ANT III over most of its length, numbering 3���12 all of similar size, almost in a single row. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. HFEM with very small and spiculated imbrications usually visible on their distal two���thirds. HTIB slightly swollen, with ca. 60���200 scent plaques. SIPH with apical reticulated area covering 0.12���0.17 part of the length of SIPH and slightly constricted. SIPH length 6.94���9.45�� its middle diameter. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Alate male (n=10) Appearance in life: unknown. Appearance on slide: Head and thorax brown; ANT brown except for the base of ANT III, which is slightly pale; legs brown except for the paler, basal part of femora and the extensive median part of tibiae; SIPH pale brown, but darker towards apex; abdomen with sclerotised marginal areas on ABD TERG I���VI (VII), and median sclerified bands (sometimes more or less broken) on ABD TERG I��� VIII; cauda brown (Fig. 18). Slide���mounted specimens: body spindle���shaped (Fig. 18), medium sized, BW 0.34���0.39�� BL. ANT 6��� segmented, ANT tubercles well developed. Number of sec. rhin. on ANT III: 5 5���75, on ANT IV: 0���4 and on ANT V: 11���23. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. Rostrum short, reaching to middle coxae. HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal half to two���thirds. Small MTu present on ABD TERG II���V. ABD TERG VII���VIII often with 2 STu. SIPH with apical reticulated area covering 0.21���0.27 part of the length of SIPH and distinctly constricted. SIPH length 8.42���11�� its middle diameter. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Measurements, ratios and chaetotaxy for the above���described morphs are given in Table 2. Life cycle. Macrosiphum hartigi is a monoecious holocyclic species. Its recorded host plants are Silene vulgaris and Stellaria holostea (Blackman & Eastop 2017), except the specimens from Linum, which were examined for the description of oviparous females. On Silene vulgaris, it lives on the upper part of flower stalks and under the leaves (Hille Ris Lambers 1931, 1939). Distribution. Macrosiphum hartigi is recorded from Austria, France, Italy, and Switzerland (Holman 2009). ......continued on the next page Discussion Apterous viviparous females of M. eastopi resemble those of M. hartigi in the arrangement of sec. rhin. over most of the length of ANT III, and in the ratio of the URS/HT II. However, they can be distinguished by the SIPH /cauda ratio: 1.55���1.94 in M. eastopi, while 1.22���1.58 in M. hartigi. The SIPH /cauda ratio also separates the alate viviparous females: 1.83���2.11 in M. eastopi, while 1.24���1.68 in M. hartigi. Alatae also differ in the number of sec. rhin. on ANT III: 36���43 in M. eastopi, while 18���35 in M. hartigi. Alate males of the new species are again distinguishable from those of M. hartigi by the SIPH /cauda ratio: 2.25���2.54 in M. eastopi, while 1.68���2.00 in M. hartigi. In addition, the species are geographically separated ��� the new species lives in the Greater Caucasus Mountains, while M. hartigi lives in the Alps and they use different host plants; M. eastopi feeds on Oberna multifida, whereas M. hartigi is mostly recorded on Silene vulgaris (Silene and Oberna are closely���related genera). Apterous viviparous females of M. eastopi sp. n. are distinguished from those of the other three Macrosiphum species that feed on Caryophyllaceae (M. euphorbiae, M. penfroense and M. stellariae) by (1) the number and distribution of sec. rhin. on ANT III: 13 or more sec. rhin. extend over most of length of ANT III in M. eastopi, whereas in M. euphorbiae, M. penfroense and M. stellariae, 1���12 sec. rhin. are concentrated on basal half of ANT III; (2) the URS/HT II ratio: 0.63���0.84 in M. eastopi, whereas the other three species have 0.8���1.0 (Heie 1994; Stroyan 1979). In addition, apterous viviparous females of M. eastopi are distinguished from the same morph of M. euphorbiae by (1) the number of setae on the anterior part (disc) of the subgenital plate: 6���18 in M. eastopi, while 2���4 in M. euphorbiae; (2) the number of setae on the cauda: 14���19 in M. eastopi, while 8���12 in M. euphorbiae. Macrosiphum eastopi differs from the same morph of M. stellariae by the number of setae on the cauda: 14���19 in M. eastopi, while 8���15 in M. stellariae (Heie 1994). Alate viviparous females of M. eastopi sp. n. have more sec. rhin. on ANT III (36���43) than those of M. euphorbiae, M. penfroense and M. stellariae (6���33); and alate females of M. eastopi also have a URS/HT II ratio below 0.8, whereas the other 3 species have more than 0.8. Alate males of M. eastopi sp. n. are distinguished from the same morph of M. euphorbiae and M. stellariae by (1) the URS/HT II ratio: 0.73���0.81 in M. eastopi, while 0.78���0.93 in M. euphorbiae and M. stellariae; and (2) the SIPH /BL ratio: 0.18���0.20 in M. eastopi, while 0.21���0.27 in M. euphorbiae and M. stellariae (Watson 1982; Heie 1994; Blackman 2010). There are four aphid species previously recorded from Oberna multifida (Dzhibladze 1960, 1968; Andreev & Mamontova 1998; ��zdemir & Barjadze 2015): Aphis gossypii Glover, Brachycaudus divaricatae Shaposhnikov, Brachycaudus lychnidis (Linnaeus) and Macrosiphum stellariae Theobald., Published as part of Barjadze, Shalva, Barbagallo, Sebastiano, Blackman, Roger & ��zdemir, I��il, 2017, A new Caryophyllaceae-feeding species of Macrosiphum (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Republic of Georgia, and a redescription of Macrosiphum hartigi Hille Ris Lambers in Zootaxa 4341 (2) on pages 235-241, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4341.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/1039514, {"references":["Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1947) Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. Vol. III. The genera Pharalis Leach, 1826; Microsiphum Chol., 1902; Anthracosiphon nov. gen.; Delphiniobium Mordv., 1914; Corylobium Mordv., 1914; Acyrthosiphon Mordv., 1914; Subacyrthosiphon nov. gen.; Silenobium Borner, 1939; Titanosiphon Nevsky, 1928; Metopolophium Mordv., 1914; Cryptaphis nov. gen.; Rhodobium nov. gen.; Impatientinum Mordv., 1914; Aulacorthum Mordv., 1914. Temminckia, 7, 179 - 320.","Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1931) Notes on the Aphididae of Venezia Tridentina, with descriptions of new species. Part I. Memorie del Museo di Storia Naturale della Venezia Tridentina, 1 (1 - 2), 15 - 24.","Hille Ris Lambers, D. (1939) Contributions to a monograph of the Aphididae of Europe. Vol. II. The genera Dactynotus Rafinesque, 1818; Staticobium Mordvilko, 1914; Macrosiphum Passerini, 1860; Masonaphis nov. gen.; Pharalis Leach, 1826. Temminckia, 4, 1 - 134.","Blackman, R. L. & Eastop, V. F. (2017) Aphids on the World's Plants: An Online Identification and Information Guide. Available from: http: // www. aphidsonworldsplants. info (Accessed 2 July 2017)","Holman, J. (2009) Host plant catalog of aphids. Palaearctic region. Springer, Branisovska, 1140 pp. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 1 - 4020 - 8286 - 3","Heie, O. E. (1994) Family Aphididae: Part 2 of tribe Macrosiphini of subfamily Aphidinae. Vol. V. Fauna Entomologica Scandinavica, 28, 1 - 239.","Stroyan, H. L. G. (1979) Additions to the British aphid fauna (Homoptera: Aphidoidea). Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society, 65, 1 - 54. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1096 - 3642.1979. tb 01079. x","Watson, G. W. (1982) A biometric, electrophoretic and karyotypic analysis of British species of Macrosiphum (Homoptera; Aphididae). Ph. D. Thesis, University of London, London, 296 pp.","Blackman, R. L. (2010) Aphids - Aphidinae (Macrosiphini). Handbook for identification of British insects. Vol. 2. Part 7. Royal Entomological Society, London, 413 pp.","Dzhibladze, A. (1960) Contribution to the aphid fauna of the western part of the great Caucasus. Proceedings of the Institute of Zoology of Georgian Academy of Sciences, 17, 19 - 30. [in Russian]","Dzhibladze, A. (1968) Aphids (Aphidinea). In: Dzhibladze, A. (Ed.), Fauna of the environs of Tbilisi. Metsniereba, Tbilisi, pp. 25 - 50. [in Georgian]","Andreev, A. V. & Mamontova, V. A. (1998) Aphids of the genus Brachycaudus (Homoptera, Aphididae) in eastern Europe. Vestnik Zoologii, 32, 64 - 75. [in Russian]","Ozdemir, I. & Barjadze, Sh. (2015) Some new records of aphid species (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from the Middle East and Caucasus. Turkish Journal of Zoology, 39, 712 - 714. https: // doi. org / 10.3906 / zoo- 1406 - 31"]}

Macrosiphum eastopi Barjadze & Blackman sp. n. Figs 1–13 and 19, Table 1 Type material. Holotype: 1 apt., coll. no. GEZAG 20110730–01, deposited at IZISU, GEORGIA, Samegrelo– Zemo Svaneti region, Mestia district, Zagaro Pass, N 42°54', E 43°6', 2620 m a.s.l., 30.vii.2011, on Oberna multifida Ikonn., leg. Sh. Barjadze; Paratypes: 7 apt. and 2 al. on 9 slides, coll. no. GEZAG 20110730–02–10; 8 apt. on 2 slides, coll. no. GEZAG 19570817–01–08, locality and host plant same as for holotype; 17.viii.1957, leg. A. Dzhibladze; 4 m. on 4 slides, coll. no. GEZAG 19570817–09–12, the same data as paratype females sampled on 17.viii.1957. Deposition of type material: holotype and paratypes GEZAG 20110730–05, 0 7, 0 8, 10, GEZAG 19570817– 05–08 and GEZAG 19570817–09–12 are deposited at IZISU; paratypes GEZAG 20110730–02, 0 9 and GEZAG 19570817–01–04 are deposited at BMNH; paratypes GEZAG 20110730–03, 0 4, 0 6 are deposited at UCI. Etymology. The specific name is given in honour of Dr. Victor Eastop, who worked on aphid taxonomy for more than 60 years. Description. Apterous viviparous female (n=16) Appearance in life: body pale green with pale green cauda; SIPH pale green with black apices; femora and tibiae yellowish with brown or black apices; tarsi brown or black. Appearance on slide: ANT I and II pale; ANT III either entirely pale except for dark apex, or only basal unsensoriated part of ANT III is pale, while sensoriated part of ANT III dusky or dark; ANT IV–V pale with dark apex or wholly dusky or dark; ANT VI wholly dusky or dark (Figs 1, 3, 5); head, thorax and abdomen pale; abdomen without any dark sclerotisation (Figs 2–4); URS dark (Fig. 7); apices of femora and tibiae dark (Figs 2, 4); tarsi brown (Fig. 6); SIPH mainly pale with dark apex or gradually darker on the distal half; cauda pale (Fig. 4). Slide–mounted specimens: body oval or spindle–shaped (Figs 2, 4), medium sized, BW 0.51–0.57× BL. ANT 6–segmented, ANT tubercles well developed (Figs 2–3). ANT setae pointed (Fig. 5). Sec. rhin. present on one side of ANT III over most of its length, numbering 13–33 all of similar size, almost in a single row (Fig. 5). Cephalic setae pointed. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. Rostrum short, reaching to or just passing middle coxae (Fig. 2). URS oblong triangular with blunt apex (Fig. 7). HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal one–third to half of length. Small MTu often present on ABD TERG II–IV. ABD TERG VIII with 0–1 STu. SIPH cylindrical, with enlarged base and small flange (Fig. 4); smooth, except for apical reticulated area covering 0.11–0.21 part of length of SIPH and slightly constricted. SIPH length 7.52–12.50× its middle diameter. Subgenital plate broadly oval and sclerotized (Fig. 8). Cauda elongate triangular and slightly constricted at basal 1/3 (Fig. 4). A late viviparous female (n=2) Appearance in life: unknown. Appearance on slide: ANT I–VI segments brown, except for basal unsensoriated part of ANT III, which is paler (Figs 9, 11, 13); head and thorax brown (Figs 10–11); rostrum pale except for segments III –V, which are pale brown; coxa and trochanter pale; femora and tibiae pale except for brown apices; tarsus brown; tergum of abdomen anterior of SIPH pale with small brown marginal sclerites on ABD TERG I–V and with dusky bands on ABD TERG VII – VIII; basal half of SIPH pale, while apical half dusky; subgenital and anal plates dusky; cauda pale (Figs 10, 12). Slide–mounted specimens: body spindle–shaped (Fig. 10), medium sized, BW 0.52–0.55× BL. ANT 6– segmented, ANT tubercles well developed (Fig. 11). Sec. rhin. present on one side of ANT III over most of its length, numbering 36–43 all of similar size, almost in a single row (Fig. 9). Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth, except for a few very small spicules occasionally present on ventral side lateral to mouthparts. Rostrum short, reaching to middle coxae. HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal half to twothirds of length. Small MTu present on ABD TERG II–IV. ABD TERG VII–VIII with 2, and 1 or 2 STu respectively. SIPH with apical reticulated area covering 0.16–0.19 part of the length of SIPH and distinctly constricted. SIPH length 9.97–12.65× its middle diameter. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Alate male (n=4) Appearance in life: unknown. Appearance on slide: ANT brown except for basal part of ANT III, which is slightly pale; head, rostrum, thorax and SIPH brown; femora and tibiae pale except for brown apices; tarsus brown; ABD TERG I– VII with dark brown marginal areas, ante– and postsiphuncular sclerites developed; ABD TERG I– VII with spinal and pleural or spinopleural bars; ABD TERG VIII with transverse bands; cauda dusky (Fig. 19). Slide–mounted specimens: body spindle–shaped (Fig. 19), medium–sized, BW 0.37–0.43× BL. ANT 6– segmented, ANT tubercles well developed. Number of sec. rhin. on ANT III: 58–75, on ANT IV: 0–5, and on ANT V: 12–19. Cuticle of head capsule and ANT I usually smooth. Rostrum short, reaching to middle coxae. HFEM with small spiculated cuticular imbrications on distal one–third to half of length. MTu present on ABD TERG I–V, their number varying between 4 and 8. ABD TERG VII with 0–2 STu. SIPH with apical reticulated area covering 0.20–0.35 part of the length of SIPH and constricted. SIPH length 7.23–10.51× its middle diameter. Other characters as in apterous viviparous female. Measurements, ratios and chaetotaxy for the above–described morphs are given in Table 1. Biology. Macrosiphum eastopi sp. n. is monoecious and holocyclic, with alate males collected in August. Apterae of this species live in sparse colonies on the undersides of leaves and stems of Oberna multifida. Distribution. Only known from the type locality in Zagaro Pass–southern slope of the Greater Caucasus Mountain Range, Mestia district, Samegrelo–Zemo Svaneti Region, Western Georgia. ......continued on the next page

Apterous and alate viviparous females and the alate males of Macrosiphum eastopi Barjadze & Blackman sp. n. living on Oberna multifida Ikonn. (=Silene multifida Rohrb.) (Caryophyllaceae) are described from the Republic of Georgia (Caucasus). Type specimens are deposited at the Institute of Zoology, Ilia State University (IZISU), Tbilisi, Georgia; the Natural History Museum (BMNH), London, U.K.; and the University of Catania (UCI), Sicily, Italy. Apterous and alate viviparous females of its close relative M. hartigi Hille Ris Lambers, 1947, living on Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke and Stellaria holostea L. (Caryophyllaceae) are redescribed, based on co-types and other material from Austria, France, Italy and Switzerland. The hitherto unknown fundatrix, oviparous females and alate males of M. hartigi are described from Italy and Switzerland. Macrosiphum eastopi sp. n. is differentiated from the morphologically similar M. hartigi and compared with other Macrosiphum species living on Caryophyllaceae. A key is provided to apterous viviparous females of all aphid species recorded on Oberna multifida.

The presence of. the Pear Phylloxera, Aphanostigma piri (Chol.), is reported for the first time in Sicily, where it is olocyclic and the anphigonic morphs appeared from half November to half December. Damage caused by the insect was observed on the following varieties: << Kaiser », < the beginning of the fruit infestation . Viene segnalata la presenza della Fillossera del Pero, Aphanostigma piri (Chol.), in Sicilia, dove la specie è olociclica, con comparsa delle forme anfinogiche da metà novembre a metà dicembre circa. I danni dell'insetto sono stati rilevati su frutti delle cultivar « Kaiser », « Passa Crassana », «Bergamotta Esperen », «Decana del Comizio» e « Butirra Hardy »; l'entità dei danni per alcune di tali cultivar e in alcuni appezzamenti, ha rag- giunto valori del 5-30%. Per la lotta contro il fitofago si consigliano dei trattamenti con Diazinone (p.b.) allo 0,075% a partire dall'inizio dell'infestazione ai frutti., Entomologica, Vol 13 (1977)

Chemical tests for controlling Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) on lemons trees were carried out in Sicily in the summer of 1974. Hydrocyanic acid fumigation gave the best disinfestation; the activated oils also gave very good contro!, while minerai oil alone showed less persistent insecticide activity. Ali the treatments had a negative effect on the ectophagous parasites (Aphytis spp.) of this armored scale. Si espongono i risultati di prove di lotta chimica per mezzo di irrorazioni con oli bianchi da soli ed attivati e di fumigazioni cianidriche, condotte in Sicilia su limone contro l'Aonidiella aurantii (Mask.) nell'estate del 1974. Dai risultati conseguiti si può concludere che le fumigazioni cianidriche, ove siano realizzabili, assicurano i migliori risultati nella disinfestazione delle piante. Statisticamente analoghi ai precedenti, tuttavia, si sono dimostrati anche gli effetti delle irrorazioni con oH attivati, mentre risultati parzialmente soddisfacenti si sono avuti con l'impiego dell'olio minerale da solo. Nel corso dei controlli realizzati è emerso, purtroppo, un effetto negativo di tutti i tipi di trattamenti eseguiti nei riguardi dei parassiti ectofagi (Aphytis spp.) della cocciniglia., Entomologica, Vol 11 (1975)

Viene segnalata la presenza in Sicilia di Oligonychus bicolor (Banks), Acaro Tetranichide dannoso al Castagno e ad altre latifoglie, precedentemente noto solo per la Regione neartica. Dopo la descrizione morfologica della specie, illustrata con disegni originali, sono indicate le sue piante ospiti e la distribuzione geografica; quindi viene descritta la sintomatologia delle alterazioni indotte dall'attività fitofaga dell'Acaro sulle foglie del Castagno e illustrato brevemente il suo comportamento bio-etologico nelle zone orientali della Sicilia. A Tetranichid mite, Oligonychus bicolor (Banks), new to Italy has recently been found in Sicily on chestnut and oak. Here, in the eastern part of the island, this mite was found heavily infesting chestnut leaves, feeding on the upper surface. Until this record the mite was known only in the nearthic region; in fact its distribution interests some areas of the United States, particularly on the east coast, and south-eastern Canada. The adult female of O. bicolor measures, on an average 0,35 mm in length and the species may be recognized by some microscopic characteristic, both of female and male. On chestnut leaves the mite lives along the midrib and lateral veins, where it determines evident discoloration of the infested areas due to its feeding activities. Here the mite secretes silken threads, under which it lives and the female lays the summer eggs which are well attached to the upper surface of the leaf. During the summer months there are various generations, so the leaf infestation is protracted throughout this whole season. The female lays ber winter eggs, starting from about the middle of September, on the twigs and small branches of the host. These eggs hatch from about the first week in May. Both the winter and summer eggs are very similar in form (union-shaped with rather long dorsal filament) and colour. The infested leaves are not subjected to any deformation or to any appa· rent decrease in development, and it has not been observed if there is a premature leaf drop. So the damage consists principally in the discoloration of the infested areas of the leaves that, sometimes, is very evident. It is important to note that in some extreme cases single trees have been observed with all their leaves infested by the mite., Entomologica, Vol 8 (1972)

Gli AA. riferiscono sulla presenza in Italia di due Acari Trombidiformi: Aplonobia histricina (Berlese) (Acarina, Tetranychidae) e Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa) (Acarina, Rhyncaphytoptidae); la segnalazione di A. histricina risulta nuova non solo per l'Italia, ma anche per l'Europa. Di questo Tetranichide oltre ad una breve descrizione morfologica della femmina viene fornita anche quella del maschio, il quale risultava fino ad ora sconosciuto. Preliminari osservazioni condotte in Sicilia sul comportamento biologico di A. histricina hanno messo in evidenza che esso vive esclusivamente a spese di Oxalis cernua Thunb., su cui compie diverse generazioni durante la stagione invernale. A partire dal mese di aprile, in concomitanza con la conclusione del ciclo vegetativo dell'ospite erbaceo, l'acaro siporta su ospiti legnosi, disseccati o vegeti, posti in prossimità delle piante di acetosella e su di essi depone le uova durevoli, aventi conformazione ed aspetto del tutto differente da quelle deposte sull'ospite erbaceo. Le uova durevoli trascorrono il periodo estivo, siccitoso e caldo, ed iniziano la loro schiusura nel tardo autunno, allorquando l'acetosella ricomincia il nuovo ciclo vegetativo. Nella seconda parte del lavoro vengono riportate alcune illustrazioni e brevi notizie di etologia su Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa), che è stato rinvenuto su piante di Pesco nel versante orientale della Sicilia. Two mites have recently been found in Sicily: Aplonobia histricina (Berlese) (Acarina, Tetranychidae) and Diptacus gigantorhynchus (Nalepa) (Acarina, Rhyncaphytoptidae). This is the first record of A. histricina in Italy and also in Europe, since it is known only from Australia and South Africa, where it is commonly found on Oxalis weeds in orchards and also on fruit trees. Both the female and the male of this tetranychid mite are briefly described. So far the male of this species is unknown. In Sicily A. histricina lives on Oxalis cernua Thunb. where produces several generations during winter months. From the beginning of April, when Oxalis weeds disappear, gradually fìnishing their annual vegetative cycle, this tetranychid mite migrates to dead and alive woody hosts, near the herbaceous host, where it lays diapause eggs. These eggs remain here throughout the dry summer months. They are quite dissimilar from ones laid on Oxalis weeds. Late in autumn, when Oxalis weeds begin the new vegetative cycle, the diapause eggs hatch gradually. In addition this paper gives some illustrations and brief ethological notes about Diptacus gigantorhynchus, which has recently infested some peach trees in the East of Sicily., Entomologica, Vol 7 (1971)

Nel presente lavoro viene trattata la morfologia dell'adulto (eso- ed endo-scheletro) e la biologia dell'Eterottero Miride Calocoris (Closterotomus) trivialis (Costa). Premettendo brevi richiami sulla posizione sistematica e sui caratteri generali dell'insetto, ne descrive dettagliatamente la morfologia delle tre regioni del corpo dell adulto (comparandola, talvolta, con quella di altre specie di Eterotteri). Nella morfologia del capo viene dato particolare risalto alla costituzione dell'apparato boccale, per lo studio del quale si è fatto ricorso anche a preparati istologici appositamente approntati. Per il torace vengono accuratamente descritti i singoli scleriti costitutivi dei tre somiti e vengono dati ampi ragguagli sulla struttura della regione articolare delle ali; dettagliata nsulta anche la descrizione delle zampe ove viene messa in rilievo l'esistenza di un prefemore >>. Nell'addome è particolarmente curata la morfologia degli organi genitali esterni, maschili e femminili, data l'importanza che essi rivestono quale sede di specifici caratteri diagnostici. L'insetto presenta una distribuzione geografica tipicamente mediterranea e si può rinvenire su un vario numero di piante ospiti. Fra le specie d'interesse agrario esso è particolarmente frequente sugli Agrumi e sull'Olivo. Il C. trivialis presenta una sola generazione all'anno e sverna allo stato di uovo deposto nel legno secco che l'insetto trova a disposizione nell'ambiente in cui vive; un substrato molto adatto a questo riguardo è rappresentato dalle vecchie ferite da taglio delle stesse piante arboree da esso attaccate. Nella Piana di Catania le nascite iniziano alla fine del mese di gennaio e si prolungano fino ai primi giorni del mese di aprile. Le neanidi vivono comunemente sull'Ortica (ma anche su altre piante, fra cui gli agrumi) e raggiungono lo stato adulto in circa due mesi. I primi adulti in campo compaiono sul finire del mese di marzo e si fanno molto numerosi in aprile; essi si alimentano sulle stesse piante di ortica o sugli agrumi ai quali, con le loro punture, possono arrecare (insieme alle neanidi) notevoli danni. Le ovideposizioni incominciano nell'ultima decade del mese di aprile e si protraggono fino a poco tempo prima della scomparsa degli ultimi adulti che avviene verso la metà del mese di giugno. I danni arrecati all'agricoltura da quest'insetto interessano soprattutto gli agrumi (Arancio, Mandarino, Clementine) e l'Olivo al quale ultimo, con le sue punture, provoca la caduta dei fiori. Degli agrumi sono interessati i boccioli fiorali ed i giovani germogli; su tali organi i danni si manifestano con un'iniziale emissione di gomma e successiva necrosi e caduta dei boccioli fiorali. In casi di forti intestazioni può essere indispensabile intervenire con la lotta chimica. A questo riguardo danno buoni risultati gl'insetticidi fosforganici di sintesi (Parathion, Dimetoato, Malathion, Azinphos-metil, Demeton, ecc.) allo 0,05-0,10 per cento di p.a. per hl di acqua; è sufficiente un solo trattamento effettuato quando i fiori degli agrumi sono ancora allo stato di bocciolo. CONTRIBUTION TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF CALOCORIS (CLOSTEROTOMUS) TRIVIALIS (COSTA) (RHYNCHOTA-HETEROPTERA, MIRIDAE). ADULT MOR- PHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY In this paper the A. describes the of the adult (eso: endoske- leton) and reports on the biology of Calocorzs (Closterotomus) trzvzalts (Costa). After having put forward observations about the taxonomy and generai characteristics of this insect he describes in detail the morphology of the three body regions. Regarding the morphology of the head the mouth-parts are minutely described after suitable histological dissections have been examined. Regarding the morphology of the thorax several sclerites of the three segments are described and in particular the structures of the wing attachements are studied and closely examined; also the morphology of the legs are accurately described. In the abdomen the external structures of the reproductive system both in females and in males are described. Calocoris trivialis is widely diffused in the mediterranean area and it feeds on a great variety of host plants. This insect has only one generation annually. Winter is passed in the egg stage. The insect deposites its eggs in dry wood and often in the dry slashes of the plants on which it feeds. On the plain of Catania hatching begins in late January and continues till the beginning of April. The larvae and nymphs live on Small Nettle (but also on other plants: Citrus spp.) and become adults in two months. The first adults appear in late March and become numerous in Aprii. They feed on the same Small Nettle plants and on Citrus spp., which are seriously damaged in some localities. The oviposition begins in the last ten days of Aprii and continues till the middle of June when the adult disappear. C. trivialis damages, particulary, Citrus spp. and Olea europaea L. Damage is caused by the piercing-sucking larvae, nymphs and adults feeding on the young shoots and the blossoms. On the olive-tree the feeding puntures cause the fall of the blossoms; on Citrus, besides the falling blossoms, they cause gummy exudates on the tender shoots and subsequent necrosis. When infestation is heavy and indicates the need for control measures, applications of sprays containing organophosphourus compounds (parathion, dimethoate, malathion, azinphos-methyl and demeton) at the rate of 0.05-0.10 per cent. of toxicant give satisfactory control. A single application made before the blossoms open is sufficient., Entomologica, Vol 6 (1970)

Sono indicate le specie del genere Macrosiphoniella Del Guercio (Homoptera Aphididae) rinvenute in Sicilia dall'Autore. Per ciascuna di esse, oltre ai dati diraccolta, vengono forniti brevi notizie di etologia. Le specie riscontrate sono le seguenti: M. absinthii (L.), M. helichrysi Rem., M. silvestrii Rob., M. aetnensis Barb., M. tanacetaria (Kalt.), M. tapuskae (H. e F.), M. sanborni (Gill.) e M. artemisiae meridionalis, quest'ultima descritta come sottospecie nuova. The A. gives information about the species of Macrosiphoniella Del Guercio (Homoptera Aphididae) found in Sicily until now. These species are the following eight: M. absinthii (L.), M. helichrysi Rem., M. silvestrii Rob., M. aetnensis Barb., M. tanacetaria (Kalt.), M. tapuskae (H. e F.), M. sanborni (Gill.), and M. artemisiae meridionalis; the latter is described as a new subspecies., Entomologica, Vol 5 (1969)

Nella presente nota viene descritta una nuova specie di Macrosiphoniella Del Guercio trovata in Sicilia nel corso della ricerca e determinazione di alcune specie congeneri. Desidero rinnovare un sentito ringraziamento al Dr. D. HILLE RIS. LAMBERS, al quale ho inviato in esame qualche esemplare dell'afide e che molto gentilmente mi ha fornito ampi ragguagli, di ordine tassonomico, sull'entità in oggetto. Al mio Direttore, Prof. VINCENZO LUPO, che mi assiste nello svolgimento di ogni lavoro, vadano i sensi della mia viva riconoscenza. In this note is described the new species Macrosiphoniella aetnensis found in Sicily on Helichrysum italicum G. Don.. It is related to Macrosiphoniella trimaculata H.R.L. and particularly to M. usquertensis H.R.L. from which it can be distinguished by the slightly longer last rostral segment, shorter hairs on basai half of last rostral segment, siphunculi reticulated on distai half, cauda less longer than siphunculi, presence of rhinaria on IV antennal segment in alate viviparous, and some other characters., Entomologica, Vol 4 (1968)

Nel presente lavoro sono esposti i risultati di un 'indagine svolta in Sicilia suil'afidofauna degli Agrumi. Le specie di Aphididaae riscontratevi sono le seguenti: Toxoptera aurantii (B. d. Fonsc.), Aphis spiraecola Patch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis (Doralis) jabae Scop ., Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Myzus ( Nectarosiphon) persicae (Sulzer) e Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). Dopo aver dato notizie sul diverso grado d'intestazione degli Agrumi e sulla capacità di questi Insetti a trasmettere la << Tristezza» viene esaminata, per ciascuna specie, la morfologia delle femmine partenogenetiche virginopare, integrata da notizie di biologia. Una chiave analitica, basata sui caratteri delle femmine partenogenetiche virginopare, permette una rapida determinazione delle singole specie. In this paper are presented the results of an investigation carried out ip Sicily upon the aphids of citrus. The spedes of Aphididae found are the following: Toxoptera aurantii (B. d. Fonsc.), Aphis spiraecola Patch, Aphis gossypii Glover, Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis (Doralis) fabae Scop., Rhopalosiphum maidis (Fitch), Myzus (Nectarosiphon)persicae (Sulzer) and Macrosiphum euphorbiae (Thomas). The first three species are the most injurious and can cause remarkable economie losses to the citrus trees. Among these species the T. aurantii is harmful to all citrus species, while A. gossypii and parl\i.cularly A. spiraecola are more harmful to the orange, clementine and mandarin trees; on the other hand they don't injurj the lemon trees. For each species is pointed out their importance as vectors for quick decline and is described the morphology of the alate and apterous viviparous parthenogenetic females, with information concerning their biology. An analitical key, based upon the characteristics of the viviparous females, enables a quick determtination of the single species., Entomologica, Vol 2 (1966)

A critical review of aphid literature dealing with Maltese records revealed the presence of 50 species. Most of these records were included in local journals, some of which not accessible to the rest of the scientific community. Because of this, the Fauna Europaea Project and other works about aphids in Europe included only a few aphid records from Malta. In the present paper all names are corrected and updated and doubtful records have been highlighted. Although many species of trees which are known to host aphids are lacking in Malta, and those present are often rare and with confined distributions, aphid records total 25 species and most of these aphids can be considered as locally rare., peer-reviewed

In the present study 25 aphid species which are known to be associated with trees in the Maltese Islands are recorded. Of these, 18 species represent new records; these include Aphis craccivora, Brachyunguis tamaricis, Cavariella aegopodii, Chaitophorus capreae, C. populialbae, Cinara cupressi, C. maghrebica, C. palaestinensis, Essigella californica, Eulachnus rileyi, E. tuberculostemmatus, Hoplocallis picta, Lachnus roboris, Myzocallis schreiberi, Tetraneura nigriabdominalis, Thelaxes suberi, Tinocallis takachihoensis and Tuberolachnus salignus. A number of the above mentioned species alternate hosts between the primary host, being the tree species, and secondary hosts being mainly roots of grasses. The record of Tetraneura ulmi could be incorrect and could possibly be referred to T. nigriabdominalis. Most of the aphid species recorded in the present study have restricted distribution in the Maltese Islands due to the rarity of their host trees. This is particularly so for those aphids associated with Populus, Quercus, Salix and Ulmus whose conservation should be addressed., peer-reviewed

E-mail: cocuzza@unict.it; International audience; A taxonomic investigation is developed on aphids of the genus Brachycaudus v.d.G. subgenus Appelia Börner, commonly known as B. prunicola complex. To date the group composition is not entirely clear because of the morphological similarity of its different members. Biometric multivariate analysis and genetic analysis which included both mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequencing as well as allozyme analysis were used. All analytical methods highlighted a convergence of results which recognise three separate species (B. prunicola, B. tragopogonis and B. cerinthis); a forth taxon however, B. schwartzi, proved to be closely allied either morphologically and genetically to B. prunicola, hence considered as B. prunicola ssp. schwartzi. Finally, a synoptic morphological description including a key to separate apterous and alate viviparous females of the different taxa is included

International audience

In recent years, several species of aphids of tropical or subtropical origins are being found outside their native range. The reasons for the accidental introduction and subsequent establishment of these aphids in new territories remain obscure. In most cases the accidental introduction of these rather small and cryptic species are often linked to human activities (such as international trade of plants and plant products) but other factors such as global warming may aid in the dispersal of such organisms. In the present work, the rapid colonization of Greenidea ficicola Takahashi, an aphid native to the Oriental Region, in different regions of the world (Afrotropics, Nearctic, Neotropics and Southern Europe) is documented., peer-reviewed

The genus Myzocallis Passerini (Hemiptera, Aphididae, Calaphidinae, Myzocallidini) is a rather primitive group of aphids currently comprising 45 species and 3 subspecies, subdivided into ten subgenera, three of them having a West Palaearctic distribution. The majority of the species inhabit Fagales plants and some of them are considered pests. Despite their ecological interest and the presence of some taxonomic controversies, there are only a few molecular studies on the group. Here, the main aims were to develop a DNA barcodes library for the molecular identification of West Palaearctic Myzocallis species, to evaluate the congruence among their morphological, ecological and DNA-based delimitation, and verify the congruence of the subgeneric subdivision presently adopted by comparing the results with those obtained for other Panaphidini species. These study findings indicate that Myzocallis (Agrioaphis) leclanti, originally described as a subspecies of M. (A.) castanicola and M. (M.) schreiberi, considered as a subspecies of M. (M.) boerneri, should be regarded at a rank of full species, and the subgenera Agrioaphis, Lineomyzocallis, Neomyzocallis, Pasekia were elevated to the rank of genus, while Myzocallis remain as such.