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Background and purpose HIV prevention efforts in Ontario require increased implementation of strategies including post- and pre-exposure prophylaxis. Access to these interventions could be improved by their provision through nurse-led models of care. We assessed nurses’ readiness to deliver these interventions using a behavioral change framework. Methods We distributed an online survey to nurses in every Ontario sexual health clinic, HIV clinic, and community health center between March-June 2018, to determine the level of support for nurse-led postexposure prophylaxis/pre-exposure prophylaxis; we also explored nurses’ “capabilities,” “opportunities,” and “motivations” for providing postexposure prophylaxis/pre-exposure prophylaxis. Results Overall, 72.7% of respondents supported implementation of both nurse-led postexposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis. More experienced nurses were less likely to support nurse-led postexposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis (adjusted odds ratio = 0.55 per decade nursing, 95% confidence interval (0.37, 0.82)). Nurses reported a high degree of knowledge of topics related to postexposure prophylaxis/pre-exposure prophylaxis, with the exception of creatinine interpretation. Conclusions Ontario nurses report high levels of support for nurse-led postexposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis and are well positioned to provide these interventions. Targeted education and implementation efforts are needed to engage these nurses in postexposure prophylaxis and pre-exposure prophylaxis delivery.

Increasing use of warfarin for primary or secondary prevention of ischaemic stroke has led to an increased incidence of warfarin-induced intracerebral haemorrhage (WICH) in recent years. Patients on warfarin have a higher likelihood of having intracerebral haemorrhage, and the morbidity and mortality of WICH are higher than for spontaneous intracerebral haemorrhage. Focal neurological signs in an anticoagulated patient— especially if accompanied by altered consciousness, headache, nausea and vomiting—warrant an urgent brain computerised tomography (CT) scan. WICH is a medical emergency and patients can deteriorate very rapidly. Warfarin reversal should therefore start as soon as possible, as any delay can have catastrophic consequences. Infusion of prothrombin complex concentrates together with intravenous vitamin K is the current recommended treatment for reversal of the anticoagulant effect of warfarin in WICH. The aim of this paper is to increase the awareness of nursing staff regarding this medical emergency and its management.

This study examined patterns of nine types of violence against women (VAW) and associated mental health problems. The following self-reported, lifetime violence victimization was examined among 1424 employed women: (1) childhood physical abuse, (2) childhood sexual abuse, (3) physical abuse between parents/guardians during childhood, (4) psychological intimate partner violence (IPV), (5) physical IPV, (6) sexual IPV, (7) adult physical or sexual assault by a non-intimate partner, (8) physical workplace violence, and (9) psychological workplace violence. Latent class analysis was used to identify homogenous patterns, called “classes,” of women's “yes/no” responses to experiencing these types of violence. The best model consisted of 4-classes characterized by the following probabilities: low violence (class 1: 63.1%), high psychological and physical IPV (class 2: 15.6%), high physical and psychological workplace violence (class 3: 12.4%), and moderate to high childhood abuse (class 4: 9.0%). When compared to class 1 (low violence), membership in classes 2 (IPV) and 4 (childhood abuse) was associated with screening positive for depression in the past week at baseline after controlling for the influence of demographic characteristics on class membership. Also, when compared to class 1 (low all), membership in class 2 (IPV) was associated with greater odds of screening positive for posttraumatic stress disorder in the past month at the six month follow-up assessment. Findings document distinct patterns of VAW and associated proximal and distal mental health outcomes. Implications for interventions aimed to improve employed women's health are discussed.

This article describes the development and validation of a revised measure for the assessment of history of being teased about physical appearance. Study 1 involved the preliminary psychometric evaluation of the questionnaire on a sample of 227 college women, Two factors emerged: Weight-Related Teasing (WT) and Teasing About Abilities/Competencies (Competency Teasing; CT). The integrity of the factor structure of these two scales was established in Study 2 with a sample of 87 college women. Internal consistency ratios in this sample were also found to be acceptable. In Study 3, 92 college women were administered measures of body image, eating disturbance, and self-esteem to test for convergence with the Perception of Teasing Scale. Subjects also rated teasing items for frequency and effect (e.g., how upset they were by the teasing). Two-week test-retest reliabilities for these measures were acceptable. Weight-Related Teasing correlated to a greater degree with other measures than Competency Teasing. Regression analyses revealed the importance of a frequency versus effect dimension. Findings are discussed in light of recent research on developmental factors in body image and eating disturbance.

OBJECTIVE:: Nurses face one of the highest rates of reported workplace violence (WPV). This research examined the prevalence of WPV and demographic, work-related, and adult and childhood abuse histories as risk factors for WPV among 2166 nurses/nursing personnel across four health care institutions in one US metropolitan area. METHODS:: Using data from an online cross-sectional survey, multivariate logistic regression was utilized to determine risk factors for physical and psychological WPV. RESULTS:: Almost one-third (30%) of nurses/nursing personnel experienced WPV (19.4% physical, 19.9% psychological). Risk factors included being a nurse, white, male, working in the emergency department, older age, longer employment, childhood abuse, and intimate partner violence. CONCLUSIONS:: Adult and childhood abuse histories have not been considered in previous large-scale investigations, but were significant risk factors along with other previously identified risk factors for WPV. Language: en

Renal and peripheral arteriovenous differences (A-V/A) of albumin, peptide-N and α-amino-N were compared in normal and aminonucleoside treated rats. Significant accumulations of peptide-N were demonstrated in the renal venous plasma of nephrotic animals which was supported by similar results obtained when kidney and liver slices were incubated with RISA. Specific activity ratios (F/P) were determined for the TCA soluble (F) and precipitable (P) fractions of plasma from 5 normal persons, 8 patients with idiopathic nephrotic syndrome or membranous glomerulonephritis and 3 with cirrhosis. A significant difference was obtained between the normal and hypoalbuminemic subjects attributed to the greater accumulation of radioactivity in the protein-free filtrate in the latter group. These data suggest accelerated proteolytic activity in experimental and cliincal nephrotic syndromes but do not indicate that other abnormalities of albumin metabolism are not operative or that the defect is specific for renal disease.