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WADI water leak detection surveillance service consists in the application of optical remote sensing on manned and unmanned aerial platforms. This innovative and cost-effective technology will be tested on two pilot sites located in the Provence region (France) and in Alqueva (Portugal).

The WADI project will prove the feasibility of an airborne water leak detection surveillance service aimed at providing water utilities with adequate information on leaks in water infrastructure outside urban areas, thus enabling prompt and cost-effective repairs.

Il terzo approfondimento riguarda le dinamiche demografiche e migratorie nel periodo della pandemia. La chiusura delle frontiere decisa per contrastare la diffusione pandemica, e gli andamenti economici innescati dai provvedimenti di contenimento hanno avuto inevitabilmente conseguenze rilevanti sui movimenti migratori e sulla condizione dei migranti. Per la prima volta dopo tanti anni molti paesi dell’UE, tra cui l’Italia, hanno sperimentato un arresto dell’immigrazione. Per dare una dimensione del fenomeno, si consideri che nel corso del 2020 si sono registrate nell’UE quasi 227.500 richieste di asilo in meno rispetto al 2019 (-33%), con punte prossime all’86% nel mese di aprile. La contrazione assoluta più rilevante è stata registrata in Germania e Francia (rispettivamente -47.705 e -41.555), seguita da Italia (-15.135) e Spagna (-13.980). Nella misura in cui le rimesse effettuate dai migranti sono essenziali per i loro paesi di origine, tali blocchi potranno produrre effetti economici molto rilevanti in quei paesi. Per l’Italia, la contrazione migratoria del 2020 si associa ad un eccesso di mortalità dell’ordine di 110 mila unità rispetto alla media quinquennale passata, e ad un difetto di natalità di circa 51 mila unità, il che risulta in un saldo demografico negativo per 342 mila residenti. Per quanti già immigrati, si riscontra che la pandemia sia stata sofferta in misura maggiore rispetto agli autoctoni, nella diffusione della malattia, nella letalità registrata e negli effetti lavorativi ed economici. Con riferimento al mercato del lavoro degli immigrati, in generale, emerge che nell’insieme dei paesi UE la diminuzione più elevata del tasso di occupazione è avvenuta nel secondo trimestre del 2020, con una riduzione di 4,8 punti percentuali rispetto al valore registrato nello stesso trimestre del 2019. Il calo ha interessato soprattutto i paesi dell’Europa mediterranea dove per il Portogallo si è registrata un’importante contrazione pari a circa 10 punti percentuali. La maggiore sofferenza occupazionale degli immigrati risulta connessa sia alla loro più accentuata instabilità lavorativa, sia al loro impiego prevalente in settori che più di altri hanno risentito del lockdow (pulizie e turismo/ristorazione). Per quanto riguarda le misure di sostegno al reddito poste in essere, nel caso italiano lo strumento più utilizzato dagli immigrati non comunitari è il reddito di emergenza, di cui ne percepiscono il 18% delle erogazioni (124.012 individui), contro una quota di percezione del reddito di cittadinanza di circa il 7%. La maggiore incidenza si può spiegare certamente per i requisiti meno selettivi della prima misura, ma anche con il grave peggioramento della condizione occupazionale, e quindi economica, dei non comunitari nei mesi di chiusura forzata. (pp. 25-26 del Rapporto)

Co-existence of Alzheimer's disease (AD) in normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH) is a frequent finding, thus a common pathophysiological basis between AD and NPH has been postulated. We measured CSF amyloid-β 42 (Aβ42), total tau (t-tau), and phosphorylated tau (p-tau) concentrations in a sample of 294 patients with different types of dementia and 32 subjects without dementia. We then compared scores on neuropsychological tests of NPH patients with pathological and normal CSF Aβ42 values. Aβ42 levels were significantly lower in NPH than in control patients, with no significant differences between AD and NPH. On the contrary, t-tau and p-tau levels were significantly lower in NPH than in AD, with no differences between NPH and controls. NPH patients with pathological Aβ42 levels did not perform worse than NPH patients with normal Aβ42 levels in any cognitive domains. Our data seem to support the hypothesis of amyloid accumulation in brains of NPH patients. Nevertheless, amyloid does not seem to play a pathogenetic role in the development of cognitive deficits in NPH.

8 Páginas.-- 4 Figuras.-- 3 Tablas, Sensory quality, assessed following a standardized method, is one of the parameters defining the commercial category of virgin olive oil. Considering the difficulties linked to the organoleptic evaluation, especially the high number of samples to be assessed, setting up instrumental methods to support sensory panels becomes a need for the olive oil sector. Volatile fingerprint by Headspace Solid Phase Microextraction-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry can be an excellent fit-for-purpose tool as the volatile fraction is responsible for virgin olive oil sensory attributes. A fingerprinting approach was applied to the volatile profile of 176 virgin olive oils previously graded by six official sensory panels. The classification strategy consisted in two sequential Partial Least Square-Discriminant Analysis models built with the aligned chromatograms: the first discriminated extra virgin and non-extra virgin samples; the second classified the latter into virgin or lampante categories. Results were satisfactory in the cross-validation by leave 10%-out (97% of correct classification). For external validation, an uncertainty range was set for the prediction models to detect boundary samples, which would be further assessed by the sensory panels. By doing this, a considerable decrease of the panel workload (around 80%) was achieved, while maintaining a highly reliable classification of samples (error rate, This work was developed in the context of the project OLEUM “Advanced solutions for assuring authenticity and quality of olive oil at global scale”, funded by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Program (2014–2020, grant agreement no. 635690). The information and views set out in this article are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the official opinion of the European Union. Neither the European Union institutions and bodies nor any person acting on their behalf may be held responsible for the use which may be made of the information contained therein. B. Quintanilla-Casas thanks the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities predoctoral fellowship FPU16/01744. A. Tres thanks the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitivity “Juan de la Cierva” postdoctoral fellowship (JCI-2012_13412) and the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities “Ramón y Cajal” postdoctoral fellowship (RYC-2017-23601).

It is well known that specific volatile compounds are strictly related with the positive and negative sensory attributes of virgin olive oils, such as fruitiness and defects, thus being key molecules for the product quality and the consumers’ acceptability. The objective of this research is to link the volatile compounds with the sensory attributes through a joint approach that could support the organoleptic analysis of virgin olive oils. With this aim, a wide set of commercial olive oils was previously assessed (EU Reg. 1227/2016) by six sensory panels, resulting in different commercial categories (extra virgin, virgin and lampante) and characterized by various intensities of fruitiness and defects. The headspace volatile profiles data of the UNIBO and CSIC units, obtained by SPME-GC-FID, were statistically elaborated through a number of treatments and a subsequent univariate and multivariate analysis. The approach herein discussed was able to detect the most robust markers of specific sensory defects, thus being possibly applied to all the volatiles data sets (SPME-GC-MS, FGC-e-nose, TDU-GC-MS) of the OLEUM project. The final goal was to find the most relevant analytes to be considered in a method for the determination of volatile compounds in olive oils and also useful for the formulation of sensory reference standards. This work was developed in the context of the project OLEUM “Advanced solutions for assuring authenticity and quality of olive oil at global scale“ funded by the European Commission within the Horizon 2020 Programme (2014–2020, grant agreement no. 635690).

The Brisighella Protected Designation of Origin (PDO) extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) has been protected by European trademark since 1996. It is obtained from olives belonging to the cv “Nostrana di Brisighella” (must make up at least 90% of groves) grown exclusively in Brisighella, a circumscribed area of the Emilia‐Romagna region, in the north of Italy. Brisighella PDO EVOO is produced by the unique plant mill of the Consortium (Consorzio Olio DOP “Brisighella”). In this research, minor amendments to product specification of Brisighella PDO approved by the EU in 2016 are described. The proposed modifications to the Brisighella PDO product specification are supported by chemical‐sensory analyses carried out on 15 EVOOs from cultivars autochthonous of the Emilia‐Romagna region (Nostrana di Brisighella and Ghiacciolo), selected as representatives of 14 geographical sites (small farms) with different characteristics in terms of climatic and environmental conditions (e.g., altitude, geographical orientation and slope of the olive orchard) of the production area established in the product specification. These results are also compared with available data of EVOOs certified as PDO Brisighella in the period 2004–2012 and commissioned by the responsible certification control body. Practical Application: The product specification represents the product's identification document that must contain a description of the requirements that the product must comply with (e.g., product description in terms of chemical and sensory characteristics, delimitation of geographical area and evidence of the link with the territory, methodology applied, etc.). It also must include the references relative to control systems; therefore, amendments according to the updating of EU legislation in the sector are desirable to assure the final consumer that the expected value of the product effectively corresponds with what has been declared. Moreover, considering the growing interest of consumers toward health properties, this update will contribute to communicating the intrinsic properties of olive oil and benefits to health, enhancing the product image and promoting informed consumption. Recent amendment to product specification of Brisighella PDO (Emilia‐Romagna, Italy). Considering the growing interest of consumers toward health properties, this update will contribute to communicate the intrinsic properties of olive oil and benefits to health, enhancing the product image, and promoting informed consumption.

Background: Lung damage leading to gas-exchange deficit and sepsis leading to systemic hypoperfusion are well-known features of severe pneumonia. Although frequently described in COVID-19, their prognostic impact in COVID-19-related pneumonia vs COVID-19-urelated pneumonia has never been compared. This study assesses fundamental gas-exchange and hemodynamic parameters and explores their prognostic impact in COVID-19 pneumonia and non-COVID-19 pneumonia. Methods: We prospectively evaluated arterial pO2/FiO2, alveolar to arterial O2 gradient, shock index, and serum lactate in 126 COVID-19 pneumonia patients, aged 18- 65, presenting to the emergency department with acute, non-hypercapnic respiratory failure. As a control group we identified 1:1 age-, sex-, and pO2/FiO2-matched COVID-19-urelated pneumonia patients. Univariate and multivariable predictors of 30-day survival were identified in both groups. Results: COVID-19 patients showed lower arterial serum lactate concentration (p