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Triplectides nessimiani Desid��rio & Pes sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 0B5D5E41-9729-47F5-8108-8 CAD 58114588 Figs 1���3 Diagnosis The male of Triplectides nessimiani sp. nov. is similar to that of T. ultimus by fork I in the hindwing having a very short petiole and both having a short, subtriangular mesal lobe on the inferior appendage. However, in T. nessimiani sp. nov. the mesal lobe has a slightly acute lateral projection and 5���7 stout ventral setae in the middle region, whereas T. ultimus has bifid lateral projection and three stout ventral setae. Furthermore, the new species can easily be distinguished by the preanal appendages, which are digitate with apices rounded (slender with apices pointed in T. ultimus), tergum X with apex obliquely truncated (rounded in T. ultimus) and phallotremal sclerite well developed, subpentagonal-shaped in dorsal view (simple in T. ultimus). Etymology The new species is named in honor of Prof. Dr. Jorge Luiz Nessimian (Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) who helped collect the type specimens and in recognition of his contributions to the study of the Neotropical caddisflies. Material examined Holotype BRAZIL ��� ♂; Amazonas, Barcelos, Parque Estadual Serra do Arac��, Igarap�� da Anta (#S05); 00��54���38.70��� N, 63��25���54.70��� W; alt. 1130 m; 26 Jul.���2 Aug. 2009; N. Ferreira Jr, J.L. Nessimain, F.F. Salles, A.P.M. dos Santos, U.G. Neiss and J.O. da Silva leg.; Malaise trap; INPA-TRI 000014. Paratype BRAZIL ��� 1 ♂; Amazonas, Barcelos, Parque Estadual Serra do Arac��, Igarap�� de 1�� ordem (#S03); 00��54���22.03��� N, 63��27���33.23��� W; alt. 1110 m; 23 Jul.���1 Aug. 2009; J.O. Silva, J.L. Nessimian and U.G. Neiss leg.; suspended trap; INPA-TRI 000015. Description Adult male (Figs 1 A���C, 2A���E) LENGTH OF FOREWING. 8.12���8.22 mm (n = 2). COLOR. General color brown (in alcohol). Antennae with scape and pedicel golden-brown, flagellum pale-yellow (Fig. 1A) and palps brown. Forewing pale-brown (Fig. 1A), with small pale spots; with forks I and V present; discoidal cell about as broad as apical cells, nearly parallel-sided distally; cross vein s long, curved; crossvein r -m curved (Fig. 1B). Hind wing with forks I, III and V present; fork I with very short petiole (Fig. 1C). Legs pale-brown. Tibial spur formula 2:2:4. MALE GENITALIA (Fig. 2 A���E). Segment IX, in lateral view, narrow, annular, with tergum IX produced posteriorly, anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin produced medially (Fig. 2A); tergum IX with sclerotized posterior margin sharply rounded to slightly angulate and with small mesal notch (Fig. 2B), bearing rounded dorsomesal membranous process (absent in male paratype). Preanal appendages setose, about �� length of tergum X; in dorsal view, digitate, apices rounded (Fig. 2B). Tergum X, in lateral view, with basal half less sclerotized than apical half, tall at base, narrowing apically (Fig. 2A), with ventral margin straight, apex rounded; in dorsal view, bearing short apical and lateral setae; apex obliquely truncated, with deep, V-shaped apicomesal incision extending anteriorly one-half the length of the segment (Fig. 2B). Inferior appendages long, surpassing tergum X, bearing long setae (Fig. 2A); each with 1 st article, in lateral view, enlarged basally, slightly constricted at mid-length (Fig. 2A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond second article, with long setae (Fig. 2A, C); basoventral lobe digitate, long, apex rounded, bearing long setae (Fig. 2A, C); mesal lobe, in ventral view, shorter than basoventral lobe, subtriangular, bearing a row of 5���7 stout ventral setae basally, with two longitudinal striae, divided into long, blunt apical projection and slightly acute lateral projection, apex concave (Fig. 2C); 2 nd article short, slender, with pointed apex, directed apicomesad (Fig. 2C). Phallic apparatus elongate, complex; in lateral view, basal portion of phallobase subtriangular with ventral trough, middle portion curved and slender, apex with pair of wide, semimembranous flanges directed dorsolaterad; phallic membranes non-prominent, striate (Fig. 2D); phallotremal sclerite well developed, subpentagonal-shaped in dorsal view, with acute, thin median tip (Fig. 2E). Female and immature stages Unknown. Bionomics The males of T. nessimiani sp. nov. were collected in 1 st and 3 rd order streams with altitudes ranging from 1110 to 1130 m a.s.l. located in the Serra do Arac�� mountain range, northern part of the Brazilian Amazon (Fig. 3A). The predominant vegetation is highland savanna (Fig. 3B), the water in the streams was black and acidic (pH 4.3���4.5) with low conductivity (10���20 ��Scm-1). At the sites where specimens were collected water temperatures of 21���22��C were recorded and the streams were 1���5 m wide, 0.30���3 m deep, with rocky bottoms characterized by boulders and slow-flowing water (Fig. 3 B��� C). Distribution (Fig. 3A) Brazil (Amazonas state)., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Pes, Ana Maria, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik & Hamada, Neusa, 2020, Triplectides Kolenati (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from Brazil: A new species, new records and an identification key, pp. 1-11 in European Journal of Taxonomy 677 on pages 3-7, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.677, http://zenodo.org/record/3928391

Triplectides nevadus Holzenthal, 1988 Fig. 3 Triplectides nevadus Holzenthal 1988: 202, figs 22, 24 (type locality: Venezuela, Territorio Federal Amazonas, 2 km east of San Carlos de R��o Negro; NMNH; ♂; ♀). Triplectides nevadus ��� Holzenthal & Calor 2017: 347 (catalog). Material examined BRAZIL ��� 1♂; Amazonas, Manaus, BR-174, km 56, ZF-2, sede, Ramal km 38, 1 st order stream (#73); 2��35���50.9��� S, 60��12���54.9��� W; alt. 49 m; 9���12 Nov. 2008; U.G. Neiss, F.F. Sales, P.V. Cruz and F. Laurindo leg.; suspended trap; INPA-TRI 000020 ��� 1 ♂; Amazonas, Novo Air��o, AM-352, km 9, S��tio S��o Sebasti��o, Sr. Valdenor, 2 nd order stream (#15); 2��42���04.5��� S, 60��55���23.4��� W; alt. 50 m; 6 Apr. 2008; J.L. Nessimian, R. Querino, M. Pepinelli, C.A.S. Azevedo and U.G. Neiss leg.; Pennsylvania trap; INPA-TRI 000021. Distribution (Fig. 3A) Brazil (Amazonas state), Peru (Loreto) and Venezuela (Territorio Federal Amazonas)., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Pes, Ana Maria, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik & Hamada, Neusa, 2020, Triplectides Kolenati (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from Brazil: A new species, new records and an identification key, pp. 1-11 in European Journal of Taxonomy 677 on page 8, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.677, http://zenodo.org/record/3928391, {"references":["Holzenthal R. W. 1988. Systematics of Neotropical Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 187 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 81.2.187","Holzenthal R. W. & Calor A. R. 2017. Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 654.9516"]}

Key to males of Triplectides species with occurrence in Brazil (modified from Holzenthal 1988) 1. Tibial spur formula 0-2-2 or 0-2-3.................................................................................................... 2 ��� Tibial spur formula 2-2-3 or 2-2-4.................................................................................................... 4 2. Preanal appendages very broad, rounded (see figs 18a���b in Holzenthal 1988)................................................................................................................................................ T. neblinus Holzenthal, 1988 ��� Preanal appendages clavate or digitate............................................................................................. 3 3. Mesal lobe of inferior appendage wrinkled in apical half (see fig. 3c in Desid��rio et al. 2017)........................................................... T. maranhensis Desid��rio, Barcelos-Silva & Pes, 2017 ��� Mesal lobe of inferior appendage non-wrinkled in apical half (see fig. 22c in Holzenthal 1988)..................................................................................................... T. nevadus Holzenthal, 1988 4. Tibial spur formula 2-2-3.................................................................................. T. egleri Sattler, 1963 ��� Tibial spur formula 2-2-4.................................................................................................................. 5 5. Mesal lobe of inferior appendage short, subtriangular (see fig. 30c in Holzenthal 1988)................ 6 ��� Mesal lobe of inferior appendage long, digitate (see fig. 9c in Holzenthal 1988)............................ 7 6. Preanal appendages slender, with apices pointed; tergum X with rounded apex (see fig. 30b in Holzenthal 1988)................................................................................... T. ultimus Holzenthal, 1988 ��� Preanal appendages digitate, with apices rounded; tergum X with truncate apex............................................................................................................................. T. nessimiani Desid��rio & Pes sp. nov. 7. Mesal lobe of inferior appendage with apex acute, pointed, with small, lateral point (see fig. 15c in Holzenthal 1988)............................................................................ T. misionensis Holzenthal, 1988 ��� Mesal lobe of inferior appendage with apex obtuse, rounded, without lateral point........................ 8 8. Apex of mesal lobe of inferior appendage clearly capitate (see fig. 20c in Holzenthal 1988)............................................................................................... T. neotropicus Holzenthal, 1988 ��� Apex of mesal lobe of inferior appendage rounded, not capitate..................................................... 9 9. Hind wing fork I sessile or with very short petiole (see fig. 11b in Holzenthal 1988)..................................................................................................................................... T. gracilis (Burmeister, 1839) ��� Hind wing fork I with distinct petiole (see fig. 1b in Dumas & Nessimian 2010)......................... 10 10. Tergum X with subtruncate apex and apicomesal excision extending anteriorly at half-length of segment (see fig. 2 in Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015)........................................................................................................................................................ T. cipo Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas, 2015 ��� Tergum X with rounded apex and apicomesal excision extending anteriorly to less than half length of segment (see fig. 3 in Dumas & Nessimian 2010)............. T. itatiaia Dumas & Nessimian, 2010, Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Pes, Ana Maria, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik & Hamada, Neusa, 2020, Triplectides Kolenati (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from Brazil: A new species, new records and an identification key, pp. 1-11 in European Journal of Taxonomy 677 on pages 8-9, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2020.677, http://zenodo.org/record/3928391, {"references":["Holzenthal R. W. 1988. Systematics of Neotropical Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae). Annals of the Entomological Society of America 81: 187 - 208. https: // doi. org / 10.1093 / aesa / 81.2.187","Desiderio G. R., Barcelos-Silva P., Souza W. R. M., Pes A. M. & Azevedo C. A. S. 2017. Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhao State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records. Zootaxa 4221 (2): 151 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4221.2.1","Dumas L. L. & Nessimian J. L. 2010. A new long-horned caddisfly in the genus Triplectides Kolenati (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from the Itatiaia Massif, Southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology 39: 949 - 951. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1519 - 566 X 2010000600016","Henriques-Oliveira A. L. & Dumas L. L. 2015. Two new species of Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from South America. Zoologia 32: 66 - 70. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1984 - 46702015000100010"]}

Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) Figs 5–9 Macrostemum brasiliense (Fischer, 1970): 242 [nomen novum for Phryganea maculata Perty, 1833, preoccupied in Phryganea by Phryganea maculata Donovan, 1813, which is now a synonym of Hydropsyche instabilis (Curtis, 1834)]. — França et al. 2013: 309 [♂; wings; status]. — Paprocki & França 2014: 29 [checklist]. — Holzenthal & Calor 2017: 154 [catalog]. Phryganea maculata – Perty 1833: 129 [Type locality: Brazil, inter St. Pauli civitatem et Villam riccam; ZSM; ♂]. Macronema tuberosum – Ulmer 1905: 82 [Type locality: Bahia, Brasilia; NMW; ♂; wings]. — Ulmer 1907a: 78, pl. 3 [♂; wings]. — Ulmer 1907b: 165 [distribution]. — Flint 1966: 7, pl. 1 [lectotype; ♂; wings]. — Ulmer 1913: 408 [distribution]. — Fischer 1963: 199 [bibliography, checklist]. — Burmeister 1983: 273 [to synonym of Macronema maculatum]. Macronema maculatum – Ulmer 1907a: 79, pl. 3 [wings; ♀]. — Ulmer 1913: 395 [♂; distribution]. — Fischer 1963: 190 [bibliography]. — Flint & Bueno-Soria 1982: 358 [to Macrostemum]. — Burmeister 1983: 273 [type situation]. — Burmeister 1989: 259 [lectotype; ♂]. Macrostemum maculatum – Flint et al. 1999: 68 [catalog]. — Paprocki et al. 2004: 8 [checklist]. — Calor 2011: 321 [checklist]. — Barcelos-Silva et al. 2012: 1278 [distribution]. — Dumas & Nessimian 2012: 13 [checklist]. — França et al. 2013: 309 [to synonymy]. Material examined BRAZIL: • 1 ♂; Minas Gerais, Poços de Caldas, Fazenda de Eucalipto, Second-order stream; 21º53′33.2″ S, 46º33′03.8″ W; alt. 1327 m; 14–15 Sep. 2017; G.R. Desidério, E.P. Brandão and L.M. Fusari leg.; INPA • 10 larvae, 1 pharate pupa ♂; São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica Boracéia, Córrego Venerando; 23°39′04.7″ S, 45°53′28.3″ W; alt. 864 m; 22 Sep. 2017; G.R. Desidério, E.P. Brandão and L.M. Fusari leg.; INPA • 4 ♂♂; São Paulo, Salesópolis, Estação Biológica Boracéia, tributary of the Córrego Venerando stream; 23º39′13.2″ S, 45º53′24.4″ W; 20–22 Sep. 2017; G.R. Desidério, E.P. Brandão and L.M. Fusari leg.; INPA. Description Larva (5 th instar) (Figs 6–8) Length 19.6–21.2 mm (mean = 20.3 mm, SD = 0.66 mm, n = 5). HEAD. Subrectangular and flattened in dorsal view, with anterior margin 1.5 × wider than posterior margin (Fig. 6A); dark-brown except for darker anterodorsal region; each stemmata surrounded by a pale-yellow oval spot; muscle scars inconspicuous. Dorsolateral carina prominent passing above eyes, extending to posterior region, diverging from the frontoclypeal suture (Fig. 6A, C). Chaetotaxy consisting of #2, #3, #7, #9, #11, #13, #14, #16, #17 [dorsal setae], #12 [lateral setae], #8, #10 [ventral setae]. Primary setae mostly long, thick and pale brown (Fig. 6 A–C). Frontoclypeus with anterior margin straight, symmetrical (Fig. 6A). Labrum golden-brown, with large membranous basal region bearing 2 transverse sclerites adjacent to frontoclypeus; anterior margin protruding medially, with dense fringe of pale-yellow, hairlike setae over its entire length and a row of short, brown clavate setae; laterally with a pair of pectinate brushes of setae, long, yellowish-brown and anteriorly directed; mesodorsally surface with short, stout brown setae and one pair of long, parallel, submarginal setae (Fig. 6E). Mandibles asymmetrical, each external margin with pale, long, thin setae; left mandible with 1 obtuse molar tooth, 1 bilobed, mesal tooth, 2 subequal acute subapical teeth, 1 acute, apical tooth, 1 apicodorsal tooth; right mandible with 1 obtuse molar tooth, 1 obtuse mesal tooth, 1 obtuse subapical tooth, 1 acute apical tooth, 1 apicodorsal tooth; both mandibles without dorsomesal tuft of thin setae (Fig. 6F). Lateral sides of head with series of pale-brown muscle scars located posteriorly to occipital margin at posterior tentorial pit (Fig. 6C). Genae located ventrally, each with conspicuous patch of strongly marked, transverse stridulatory lines; widely separated at ⅓ anterior, gradually turning more closely-spaced posteriorly; pale-brown mark covering stridulatory lines and slightly narrowing to posterior region; muscle scars oval and pale grouped on posterior half and scarcely discernible (Fig. 6B, D). Submentum trapezoidal, large; anterior margin slightly accentuated medially, with long, dark anterolateral setae (Fig. 6B). Ventral ecdysial suture absent anteriorly on the right side; anterior ventral apotome subtriangular, wider than long; posterior ventral apotome triangular, minute, longer than wide (Fig. 6D). THORAX.Nota sclerotized and covered with short, thin, brown, acuminate peg-like setae, mixed with long, slender, hair-like setae. Pronotum divided by longitudinal ecdysial line, dark-brown, muscle scars barely visible, grouped posterolaterally and with anterolateral pronotal margin slightly concave (Fig. 7 A–B). Meso- and metanotum not divided by ecdysial lines, pale-brown, darker midlaterally, lateral diagonal grooves slightly visible, muscle scars barely visible, grouped posterolaterally (Fig. 7B). Prosternum without gills, broadly transverse, without triangular, posteromesal sclerite (Fig. 7C); mesosternum without gills; metasternum with 2 pairs of ventrolateral gills, each with long stalk and few regularly distributed lateral filaments (Fig. 8). Foretrochantin triangular, tapered to apex with a row of numerous median, stout, brown, acuminate peg-like setae (Fig. 7D 1). Foreleg dark-brown, shorter than mid- and hind legs; foreleg coxae with anterodorsal process slightly pronounced; with four long, dark, thick setae on posterodorsal region, ventral margin covered with numerous short, pale, slender setae and two long dark thick setae posteriorly; trochanters and femora each with numerous pale-yellow, long, slender setae on ventral margin, mixed with row of 11–13 dark, long, slender setae; femora each with slender, digitate basomesal process on internal surface; tibiae and tarsi with dense fringe of pale-yellow, medium-sized, slender setae on dorsal margin and row of thick setae on ventral margin (Fig. 7D 1). Mid- and hind legs paler, similar in size, shape, and structure; femora each with numerous medium-sized, pale-yellowish, slender setae on ventral margin, mixed with 4 dark, long, slender setae, and 2 dark, long apicodorsal setae; tibiae and tarsi with numerous medium-sized pale-yellow, slender setae on ventral margin, and dark, long, slender dorsal setae (Fig. 7D 2 –D 3). ABDOMEN. Abdominal segments densely covered with long, dark, thin, hair-like setae; with slightly depression on cuticle. Lateral fringe of setae absent (Fig. 7A). Ventral gills on abdominal segments I–VII; ventrolateral gills on abdominal segments II–III; lateral gills on abdominal segments I–VII; shape and position of gills as indicated in table of Figure 8. Sternum VIII with 2 small sclerites; each sclerite with 5–6 medium-sized, dark, slender setae (Fig. 7E). Segment IX with small, dorsolateral plate bearing 2 long, dark, slender setae, and with a row of long, dark setae laterally (Fig. 7A). Sternum IX with 2 subrectangular sclerites, longer than wide, bearing moderate-sized, pale-yellowish, spikelike setae with spines emanating from prominent sockets; each sclerite with 12–14 long slender, dark setae on external and posterior margin (Fig. 7E). Anal prolegs each with lateral sclerite bearing tuft of numerous, long, hair-like dorsal setae; anal claws stout, right-angled, each with 1 bent, simple, long, dark, ventrobasal seta (Fig. 7A, E). LARVAL RETREAT. The larval retreat of M. brasiliense is similar to that of Macrostemum sp. described by Sattler (1963, 1968) and illustrated in Pes et al. (2005) from an unidentified species of Brazilian Amazonia, with an elaborate net for fine particle capture. Pupa (Fig. 9) Body length 16.7 mm (n = 1). HEAD. Labrum with anterior margin rounded; anteromesal region without setae; basolateral lobes each with 2 medium-sized setae (Fig. 9B). Mandibles asymmetrical, broad basally, curved mesally, tapering to apex, each with long setal brush basolaterally; inner margin with acute teeth mesally, 3 on both mandibles, and apical half of mandibles finely serrated (Fig. 9C). Frons faces anteriorly with oval protruding lobe, mesally bilobed bearing 9–11 long, dark setae and one medium-sized seta on each lobe, posteriorly with 8 long, dark setae. Basal antennal article with 5 medium-sized, brown setae (Fig. 9B). THORAX. Pale yellow, with dark spots laterodorsally. Tibia and tarsus of midleg broad and flattened, with well-developed lateral fringes of setae (Fig. 9A). ABDOMEN. Numerous moderate-sized, yellowish-brown, spike-like setae covering abdominal terga II, III on its posterior portion, and a file of long, thin, dark, hair-like setae on tergum IV in its entire posterior portion (Fig. 9A). Lateral fringe absent. Abdominal terga with pairs of anterior hook plates (a) on segments III–VIII with hooks directed posterad; pair of posterior hook plates (p) on segment III with hooks directed anterad; hook-plate pair IIIa with 2–3 pointed, stout hooks; hook-plate pair IIIp with 56–60 sharply pointed, small hooks; hook-plate pair IVa each with 2 pointed, stout hooks; hook-plate pair Va with 2 pointed, stout hooks and 1–2 mesal, smaller; hook-plate pair VIa each with 1 bifid hook, 1 pointed, stout hook and 1 minute; hook-plate pair VIIa with 2 pointed, stout hooks and 1 smaller; hook-plate pair VIIIa each with 2 pointed, stout hooks (Fig. 9D). Apical processes of segments IX–X long, slender, widely separated, each with 23–24 long lateral, setae on external margin and 6–9 long subapical setae on internal margin (Fig. 9E). PUPAL RETREAT. Inside the larval retreat, the 5 th instar constructs a tubular case of resistant sand covered with silk, with a small opening in the posterior region; in the anterior region the opening is closed with a cover of sand where the larva weaves the pupal cocoon, it is similar to that of the Amazonian undetermined species described by Sattler (1963). Taxonomic remarks In the larval stage, M. brasiliense is similar to M. ulmeri by the prominent dorsolateral carina extending to posterior region, diverging from the frontoclypeal suture. Both can be distinguished from other species in the genus with known immatures like the Nearctic M. carolina (Banks, 1909), M. transversum (Walker, 1852) and M. zebratum (Hagen, 1861), which have carina closed passing over the posterior region from the frontoclypeal suture. Additionally, M. brasiliense is characterized by the dark-brown head with darker anterodorsal region; frontoclypeus with anterior margin straight; left mandible with 1 obtuse molar tooth and 1 bilobed mesal tooth; right mandible with 1 obtuse mesal tooth and 1 obtuse subapical tooth; genae with transverse stridulatory lines widely separated at anterior ⅓, transition to closely-spaced posterior lines gradual; submentum with anterior margin convex with slight projection medially, with long, dark anterolateral setae; mesosternum without gills; foreleg coxae with anterodorsal process slightly pronounced; ventral gills on abdominal segments I–VII, ventrolateral gills on abdominal segments II–III and lateral gills on abdominal segments I–VII. The pupa of M. brasiliense is similar to that of M. ulmeri by abdominal terga with pairs of anterior hook plates on segments III–VIII, with stout hooks directed posteriorly, and pair of posterior hook plates on segment III with hook directed anteriorly. However, M. brasiliense has hook-plate pair IIIa and IVa each with 2–3 and 2 pointed hooks, respectively, and 56–60 sharply pointed, small hooks directed anteriorly of the posterior hook plates, while M. ulmeri has 3 pointed hooks on each hook-plate pair IIIa and IVa and 23–35 sharply pointed, small hooks on posterior hook plates. Bionomics This species is commonly found in Brazilian Atlantic Forest (Santos et al. 2018). In the present study it was collected in small mountain streams in rain forest reserve (Estação Biológica de Boracéia) in Salesópolis municipality, São Paulo state, at an elevation of 864 m a.s.l. (Fig. 5 A–B) and in an extensive area with Eucalyptus spp. (Myrtaceae) plantations, in Poços de Caldas municipality, Minas Gerais state, at an elevation of 1327 m a.s.l. (Fig. 5A). Distribution Brazil (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, and São Paulo states)., Published as part of Pes, Ana M., Desidério, Gleison R., Barcelos-Silva, Patrik & Hamada, Neusa, 2019, A new species of Macrostemum Kolenati, 1859 from Brazilian Amazon and the immature stages of M. brasiliense (Fischer, 1970) (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae), pp. 1-20 in European Journal of Taxonomy 534 on pages 9-17, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2019.534, http://zenodo.org/record/3261167, {"references":["Fischer F. C. J. 1970. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 11: Philanisidae, Lepidostomatidae, Brachycentridae, Beraeidae, Sericostomatidae, Thremmatidae, Helicopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam.","Perty M. 1833. Insecta brasiliensia. In: Perty M. (ed) Delectus animalium articulatorum quae ex itinere per Brasiliam, annis MDCCCXVII-MDCCCXX jussu et auspiciis Maximiliani Josaephi I. Bavariae Regis augustissimi peracto collegerunt Dr. J. B. de Spix et Dr. C. F. Ph. De Martius: 125 - 224. Friedrich Fleischer, Munchen [Monachii].","Franca D., Paprocki H. & Calor A. R. 2013. The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males. Zootaxa 3716: 301 - 335. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.3.1","Paprocki H. & Franca D. 2014. Brazilian Trichoptera Checklist II. Biodiversity Data Journal 2: e 1557. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 2. e 1557","Holzenthal R. W. & Calor A. R. 2017. Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies). ZooKeys 654: 1 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 654.9516","Ulmer G. 1905. Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des kaiserlich-koniglich naturhistorichen Hofmuseums 20: 59 - 98.","Ulmer G. 1907 a. Trichopteren (Monographie der Macronematinae). Collections Zoologiques du Baron Edm. de Selys Longchamps Catalogue Systematique et Descriptif 6 (2): 1 - 121.","Ulmer G. 1907 b. Trichoptera. In: Wytsman P. (ed.) Genera Insectorum: 1 - 259. Desmet Verteneuil, etc., Bruxelles.","Flint O. S. Jr. 1966. Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, III: Types of some Species Described by Ulmer and Brauer. Proceedings of the United States National Museum 120: 1 - 20. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.120 - 3559.1","Ulmer G. 1913. Verzeichnis der sudamerikanischen Trichopteren, mit Bemerkungen uber einzelne Arten. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift: 383 - 414.","Fischer F. C. J. 1963. Trichopterorum Catalogus. Vol. 4: Hydropsychidae, Arctopsychidae. Nederlandsche Entomologische Vereeniging, Amsterdam.","Burmeister E. G. 1983. A preliminary study on some groups of insects collected by Spix and Martins during their Brazilian expedition, which were described by Perty and are preserved in the Zoologische Staatssammlung, Munich (ZSM). Spixiana 9: 265 - 281.","Flint O. S. Jr. & Bueno-Soria J. 1982. Studies of Neotropical Caddisflies, XXXII: The immature stages of Macronema variipenne Flint & Bueno, with the division of Macronema by the resurrection of Macrostemum (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington 95 (2): 358 - 370.","Burmeister E. G. 1989. Der Lectotypus von Macronema maculatum (Perty 1833) (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae). Spixiana 11: 259 - 262.","Flint O. S. Jr., Holzenthal R. W. & Harris S. C. 1999. Catalog of the Neotropical Caddisflies (Trichoptera). Special Publication, Ohio Biological Survey, Columbus.","Paprocki H., Holzenthal R. W. & Blahnik R. J. 2004. Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I. Biota Neotropica 4 (1): 1 - 22. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032004000100008","Calor A. R. 2011. Checklist of Trichoptera (Insecta) from Sao Paulo State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica 11: 317 - 328. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 1676 - 06032011000500028","Barcelos-Silva P., Pes A. M. O. & Salles F. F. 2012. Annulipalpia (Insecta: Trichoptera) from the state of Espirito Santo, Brazil. Check List 8 (6): 1274 - 1279. https: // doi. org / 10.15560 / 8.6.1274","Dumas L. L. & Nessimian J. L. 2012. Faunistic catalog of the caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Parque Nacional do Itatiaia and its surroundings in southeastern Brazil. Journal of Insect Science 12 (1): 1 - 38. https: // doi. org / 10.1673 / 031.012.2501","Sattler W. 1963. Uber die Korperbau die Okologie und Ethologie der Larve und Puppe von Macronema Pict. (Hydropsychidae), ein als Larve sich von ' Mikro-Drift' ernahrendes Trichopteraus dem Amazonasgebiet. Archiv fur Hydrobiologie 59 (1): 26 - 60.","Sattler W. 1968. Weitere Mitteilungen uber die Okethologie einer neotropischen Macronema - Larve (Hydropsychidae, Trichoptera). Amazoniana 1 (3): 211 - 229.","Pes A. M. O., Hamada N. & Nessimian J. L. 2005. Chaves de identificacao de larvas para familias e generos de Trichoptera (Insecta) da Amazonia Central, Brasil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia 49 (2): 181 - 204. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262005000200002","Santos A. P. M., Dumas L. L., Pes A. M. O, Calor A. R., Souza W. R. M., Henriques-Oliveira A. L. & Camargos L. M. 2018. Trichoptera in Catalogo Taxonomico da Fauna do Brasil. PNUD. Available from http: // fauna. jbrj. gov. br / fauna / faunadobrasil / 278 [accessed 14 Feb. 2018]."]}

Chimarra (Chimarrita) heppneri Blahnik 1997 Chimarra (Chimarrita) heppneri Blahnik 1997: 225 (Type locality: Peru, Loreto, Callicebus Res. Station, Mishana, Río Nanay, 25 km SW Iquitos; NMNH; ♂; ♀; in the C. simpliciforma Group); Desidério et al. 2017: 167 (checklist); Holzenthal & Calor 2017: 384 (catalog). Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manicoré, Campos Amazônicos National Park, Igarapé da Anta, 08°26'56.3''S, 61°45'01.2''W, 80 m a.s.l., 1 male, 03–04.vii.2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J.O. Silva legs., Pennsylvania trap (INPA); Igarapé da Onça, 08°37'50.6''S, 61°25'53.4''W, 138 m a.s.l., 1 male, vii–viii.2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J.O. Silva legs., Malaise trap (INPA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Maranhão), PERU (Loreto). Remarks. This species can be easily distinguished from other species in the C. simpliciforma Group by the shape of the inferior appendages of the male, each of which has a prominent dorsal hook-like process and an apex mesally curved and dorsoventrally flattened, and by the very short phallothecal spine. Chimarra (Chimarrita) heppneri was previously known only from its type locality. Recently, it was reported for the first time from Brazil, in Maranhão state (Northeast Region) (Desidério et al. 2017). Here we provide the first records of this species from Amazonas state, northern Brazil., Published as part of Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik & Hamada, Neusa, 2018, New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil, pp. 258-270 in Zootaxa 4500 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5297615, {"references":["Blahnik, R. J. (1997) Systematics of Chimarrita, a new subgenus of Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Systematic Entomology, 22, 199 - 243. https: // doi. org / 10.1046 / j. 1365 - 3113.1997. d 01 - 39. x","Desiderio, G. R., Barcelos-Silva, P., Souza, W. R. M. de, Pes, A. M. & Azevedo, C. A. S. (2017) Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhao State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records. Zootaxa, 4221 (2), 151 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4221.2.1","Holzenthal, R. W. & Calor, A. R. (2017) Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (caddisflies). ZooKeys, 654, 1 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 654.9516"]}

Chimarra (Curgia) jugescens Flint 1998 Chimarra (Curgia) jugescens Flint 1998: 24 (Type locality: Brazil, E.D.O. Pará, stream at Caverna do Tatajuba, ~ 22 km SE Altamira, MZUSP; ♂; in the C. aurivittata Group); Santos & Nessimian 2009: 25 (distribution); Paprocki & França 2014: 76 (checklist); Desidério et al. 2017: 167 (checklist); Holzenthal & Calor 2017: 385 (catalog). Material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Manicoré, Campos Amazônicos National Park, Igarapé da Onça, 08°37'50.6''S, 61°25'53.4''W, 138 m a.s.l., 1 male, 3 females, 04–08.vii.2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J.O. Silva legs., Malaise trap (INPA); 3 males, vii–viii.2017, N. Hamada, G. R. Desidério, P. V. Cruz, J.O. Silva legs. (INPA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Pará, Piauí, Maranhão). Remarks. This species differs from all other species in the C. aurivittata Group due to its shallowly divided eighth tergal lobe, inferior appendages fused mesally in the basal third of their length, with apices pointed and distinctly curved outward, and phallus with 26 to 29 short, dark internal spines. Chimarra (Curgia) jugescens is commonly found in Central Amazonia, Brazil. However, it was recently reported to the Northeast region, in Maranhão (Desidério et al. 2017) and Piauí (Takiya et al. 2016) states. With the specimens collected in the present study, the species distribution is extended to the southern-most part of Amazonas state., Published as part of Desidério, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik & Hamada, Neusa, 2018, New species, records, and immature stages of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae) from Campos Amazônicos National Park, northern Brazil, pp. 258-270 in Zootaxa 4500 (2) on page 261, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4500.2.6, http://zenodo.org/record/5297615, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1998) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, LIII: A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Curgia of the genus Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 594, 1 - 131. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.594","Santos, A. P. M. & Nessimian, J. L. (2009) New species and records of Chimarra Stephens (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae) from Central Amazonia, Brazil. Revista Brasileira de Entomologia, 53, 23 - 25. https: // doi. org / 10.1590 / S 0085 - 56262009000100006","Paprocki, H. & Franca, D. (2014) Brazilian Trichoptera checklist II. Biodiversity Data Journal, 2 (e 1557), 1 - 109.","Desiderio, G. R., Barcelos-Silva, P., Souza, W. R. M. de, Pes, A. M. & Azevedo, C. A. S. (2017) Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranhao State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records. Zootaxa, 4221 (2), 151 - 171. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4221.2.1","Holzenthal, R. W. & Calor, A. R. (2017) Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (caddisflies). ZooKeys, 654, 1 - 566. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 654.9516","Takiya, D. M., Santos, A. P. M., Pinto, A. P., Henriques-Oliveira, A. L., Carvalho, A. L., Sampaio, B. H. L., Clarkson, B., Moreira, F. F. F., Avelino-Capistrano, F., Goncalves, I. C., Cordeiro, I. R. S., Camara, J. T., Barbosa, J. F., Souza, W. R. M. & Rafael, J. (2016) Aquatic Insects from the Caatinga: Checklists and diversity assessments of Ubajara (Ceara State) and Sete Cidades (Piaui State) National Parks, Northeastern Brazil. Biodiversity Data Journal, 4, e 8354. https: // doi. org / 10.3897 / BDJ. 4. e 8354"]}

Leptonema pallidum Gu��rin-M��neville 1844 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07��06'59.8''S, 47��21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l.: 1 male, 01���15.vii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA); 1 male, 21���30.viii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Bahia, Cear��, Distrito Federal, Esp��rito Santo, Goi��s, Minas Gerais, Rio de Janeiro, S��o Paulo). Remarks. Previously recorded in the Northeast Region for Bahia and Cear�� states (Costa et al. 2014), the known distribution of this species is extended and this study provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Carolina Municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 159, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Guerin-Meneville, F. E. (1844) Species et iconographie generique des animaux articules ou representation des genres, avec leur description et celle de toutes les especes de cette grande division du regne animal. Ouvrage formant une serie des monographies complete, 3 b. Author, Paris."]}

Oecetis punctipennis (Ulmer 1905b) Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Soledade, 04��53'40.8"S, 43��25'18.9"W, 384 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre I, 04��53'28.1"S, 43��25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 1 male, 21���25.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Bahia, Cear��, Minas Gerais, Par��, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, S��o Paulo), COSTA RICA, ECUADOR, GUYANA, NICARAGUA, PANAMA, PERU, SURINAME, VENEZUELA. Remarks. This known range of this species is extended in the Northeast Region and this study provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias Municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 166, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 b) Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Konigliches Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 20, 59 - 98."]}

Marilia guaira Flint 1983 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 12 males, 07.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Goi��s, Roraima), COLOMBIA, PARAGUAY, VENEZUELA. Remarks. This work presents the first record of this species from the Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 166, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 377, i - vi, 1 - 100."]}

Chimarra (undetermined) usitatissima Flint 1971 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranhão: Caxias, Fazenda Pé da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05°07'49.5"S, 43°33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 2 males, 05.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desidério, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Pará, Rondônia), SURINAME. Remarks. This is the first record of this species for the Northeast Region, Brazil.

Nectopsyche splendida (Nav��s 1917) Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 06.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Bahia, Minas Gerais, Piau��, Paran��, Roraima), COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, GUYANA, PARAGUAY, PERU, VENEZUELA. Remarks. Newly recorded for the Northeast Region in the states of Bahia and Piau�� (Quinteiro et al. 2014), this study presents the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 165, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Navas, L. (1917) Neuropteros nuevos o poco conocidos. Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, Serie 3, 13, 393 - 406."]}

Cyrnellus arotron Flint 1971 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 28.i.2012, G.R. Desid��rio, C.A.S. Azev��do legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Mato Grosso do Sul, Par��), URUGUAY. Remarks. The presence of this species in this study represents the first record for the Northeast Region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1971) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XII: Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Philopotamidae, and Psychomyiidae from the Amazon River (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 3 (1), 1 - 67."]}

Chimarra (Chimarrita) heppneri Blahnik 1997 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Soledade, 04��53'40.8"S, 43��25'18.9"W, 384 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre I, 04��53'28.1"S, 43��25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 3 males, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre II, 04��53'23.6"S, 43��25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. PERU. Remarks. Previously recorded only from its type locality, in this study its presence represents the first record from Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Blahnik, R. J. (1997) Systematics of Chimarrita, a new subgenus of Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Systematic Entomology, 22, 199 - 243."]}

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) roraimense Albino, Pes, & Hamada 2011 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Igarap�� S��o Jos��, 4��51'19.00"S, 43��21'55.73"W, 48 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20.x.2015, S.R. Nascimento, D. Sousa cols., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Esp��rito Santo, Pernambuco, Roraima). Remarks. Previously recorded only for the state of Pernambuco (Souza et al. 2013b) in the Northeast Region. This study provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Albino, J. L. D., Pes, A. M. & Hamada, N. (2011) Smicridea (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) from 3 Brazilian Amazonian States: New species, larval taxonomy and bionomics. Zootaxa, 3113, 1 - 35.","Souza, W. R. M., Lima, L. R. C., Pes, A. M. O. & Pinheiro, U. (2013 b) Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 1, 1 - 10."]}

Nectopsyche punctata (Ulmer 1905b) Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 6 males, 06.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA), Caxias, MA-034, Igarap�� Riach��o, 04��56'8.59"S, 43��21'26.65"W, 53 m a.s.l., 1 male, 02���03.vi.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Minas Gerais, Par��, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima, S��o Paulo), COLOMBIA, COSTA RICA, ECUADOR, GUYANA, MEXICO, PANAMA, PARAGUAY, PERU, SURINAME, VENEZUELA. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from the Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 165, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 b) Neue und wenig bekannte aussereuropaische Trichopteren, hauptsachlich aus dem Wiener Museum. Annalen des Kaiserlich-Konigliches Naturhistorischen Hofmuseums, 20, 59 - 98."]}

Triplectides maranhensis sp. nov. Desidério, Barcelos-Silva, & Pes (Figures 2A–2 B; 3A–3E) Diagnosis. This new species is similar to T. nevadus Holzenthal 1988 and T. qosqo Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015 by the midlaterally produced posterior margin of segment IX and by the pointed apices of the mesal lobes of the inferior appendages bent laterad. Additionally, all three species have virtually the same wing venation. Furthermore, T. maranhanensis sp. nov. and T. nevadus are the only species that share a 0:2:2 or 0:2:3 tibial spur formula. However, the new species can be easily distinguished from these species by having dorsum IX with sclerotized posterior margin broadly rounded to angulate; mesal lobes of inferior appendages each bearing 4–5 ventral stout setae in middle region and its apex wrinkled. Triplectides maranhanensis sp. nov. also shares with T. tepui Holzenthal 1988 features of the phallic apparatus of the male genitalia, such as its apex with the phallotremal sclerite well developed and a pair of wide flanges directed dorsolaterad. Although somewhat similar to T. tepui, the new species differs from it and other congeners by the presence of prominent phallic membranes that are striate and seashell-like and by the phallotremal sclerite which, in dorsal view, has its median tip exposed between a pair of apical lobes. Material examined. Holotype male. BRAZIL: Maranhão: Mirador, Parque Estadual Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06°35’58”S, 45°40’49”W, 402 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20–28.iii.2014, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, L.S. Santos legs., Malaise trap (CZMA). Paratypes. Same data as holotype, except 1 male, 01–10.xii.2013, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, T.L. Rocha legs. (INPA); Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07°06'59.8''S, 47°21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l., 20–31.viii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Malaise trap (CZMA), same data, except Riacho Sucuruiu, 07°07'05.6''S, 47°18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 1 male, 15–31.vii.2013 (INPA). Description. Adult male. General color brown (in alcohol). Antennae with scapes and pedicels brown, flagella pale yellow and palps brown. Forewings each 9.0– 11.1 mm (n = 4) long, brown, with small pale spots; with forks I and V present; discoidal cell about as broad as apical cells, nearly parallel-sided distally; crossvein s long, straight, distance from curved r -m crossvein less than its length (Fig. 2A). Hind wings with forks I, III, and V present; fork I with distinct petiole (Fig. 2 B). Legs pale brown. Tibial spur formula 0:2:2 or 0:2:3. Male Genitalia. Segment IX annular, in lateral view (Fig. 3A) longitudinally short, longest dorsally, with anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin produced in middle; dorsum IX with sclerotized posterior margin sharply rounded to slightly angulate (Fig. 3 B). Preanal appendages slightly longer than dorsum X, setose; in dorsal view clavate, apices rounded (Fig. 3 B). Tergum X, in lateral view, with basal half less sclerotized than apical half, tall at base, narrowing apically (Fig. 3A), with ventral margin straight; in dorsal view bearing short, apical and lateral setae, apex rounded, with deep apicomesal incision extending anteriorly one-third of length of segment (Fig. 3 B). Inferior appendages long, slightly surpassing tergum X, bearing long setae (Fig. 3A); each with 1st article, in lateral view, enlarged basally, with constriction at mid-length (Fig. 3A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond second article, with long setae (Fig. 3 C); basoventral lobe digitate, long, apex rounded, bearing long setae; in ventral view (Fig. 3 C), mesal lobe shorter than basoventral lobe, broad basally to mid length, bearing 4–5 stout ventral setae in middle, wrinkled and tapering in apical half, apex pointed, bent laterad (Fig. 3 C); 2nd article short, slender, with pointed apex, directed apicomesad (Fig. 3 C). Phallic apparatus elongate, complex, in lateral view basal portion of phallobase subtriangular with ventral trough, middle portion straight and slender, apex with pair of wide, semimembranosus flanges directed dorsolaterad; phallic membranes prominent, striate, seashell-like (Fig. 3 D); phallotremal sclerite well developed, trident-shaped in dorsal view, with median tip exposed between pair of apical lobes (Fig. 3 E). Etymology. The specific epithet, maranhensis, refers to the state of Maranhão, where the type specimens were collected. Distribution. BRAZIL (Maranhão). Remarks. Triplectides Kolenati 1859, with about 80 species worldwide, is the most species-rich genus within Triplectidinae (Leptoceridae) (Morse 2016). Its highest diversity is concentrated in the Australian Region, with 15 and 25 species recorded from New Caledonia and Australia, respectively (Malm & Johanson 2008). In the Neotropical Region there are 16 species described, distributed from southern Mexico to southern Chile (Holzenthal 1988; Dumas & Nessimian 2010; Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015). Currently, seven species are recorded from Brazil, of which only T. gracilis (Burmeister 1839) has been recorded for the Northeast Region (Santos et al. 2016). Triplectides maranhanensis sp. nov. is the second species recorded for the region.

Smicridea (Smicridea) palifera Flint 1981 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Balne��rio Seixo Caxias, Igarap�� Itapecuruzinho, 04��53'40.51"S, 43��20'12.67"W, 74 m a.s.l., 1 male, 26.v.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA); Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 05.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA); Caxias, MA-034, Igarap�� Riach��o, 04��56'8.59"S, 43��21'26.65"W, 53 m a.s.l., 8 males, 20.vi.2013, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA); Caxias, S��tio Tarum��, Igarap�� Itapecuruzinho, 04��53'42.30"S, 43��20'31.30"W, 62 m a.s.l., 4 males, 28.v.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Espirito Santo, Mato Grosso, Pernambuco, Rio de Janeiro, Roraima), VENEZUELA. Remarks. Previously recorded only for the state of Pernambuco (Souza et al. 2013b) in the Northeast region. This study provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1981) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXVIII: The Trichoptera of the Rio Limon Basin, Venezuela. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 330, i - v, 1 - 61.","Souza, W. R. M., Lima, L. R. C., Pes, A. M. O. & Pinheiro, U. (2013 b) Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 1, 1 - 10."]}

Macronema paliferum Flint 1974 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07��06'59.8''S, 47��21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l., 2 males, 15���30.vi.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA). Known distribution. SURINAME. Remarks. Previously recorded only from its type locality in Suriname, this study provides the first record from Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1974) The Trichoptera of Surinam: Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 55, 1 - 151. [pls. 1 - 4.]"]}

Synoestropsis furcata Flint 1974 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 06.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Par��, Mato Grosso), GUYANA, SURINAME, VENEZUELA. Remarks. This specimen represents the first record of the species for the Northeast Region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1974) The Trichoptera of Surinam: Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 55, 1 - 151. [pls. 1 - 4.]"]}

Polyplectropus hamulus Flint 1972 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 05.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA. Remarks. Previously recorded only from its type locality, this species is recorded for the first time from Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 168, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1972) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XIV: On a collection from northern Argentina. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 85 (17), 223 - 248."]}

Synoestropsis pedicillata Ulmer 1905a Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 6 males, 06.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Esp��rito Santo, Minas Gerais, Pernambuco, Santa Catarina, S��o Paulo). Remarks. Previously recorded in the Northeast Region only for the state of Pernambuco (Souza et al. 2013b). The range of his species is extended and this study provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias Municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 163, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 a) Zur Kenntniss aussereuropaischer Trichopteren. Stettin Entomologische Zeitung, 66 (1), 3 - 392. [pls. 1 - 4.]","Souza, W. R. M., Lima, L. R. C., Pes, A. M. O. & Pinheiro, U. (2013 b) Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 1, 1 - 10."]}

Achoropsyche duodecimpunctata (Nav��s 1916b) Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Soledade, 04��53'40.8"S, 43��25'18.9"W, 384 m a.s.l., 4 females, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Esp��rito Santo, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Par��, Paran��, Rio de Janeiro, Rond��nia, Roraima, Santa Catarina, S��o Paulo), COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, GUYANA, PARAGUAY, PERU, SURINAME, URUGUAY, VENEZUELA. Remarks. Widely distributed in Brazil, this species has been recorded previously only for the state of Bahia (Quinteiro et al. 2014) in the Northeast Region. This study extends its known distribution and provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias Municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 164, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Navas, L. (1916 b) Neuropteros Sudamericanos, Serie 03: Neuropteros del Brasil recogidos por el R. P. Joaquin da Silva Tavares S. J. Broteria, Serie Zoologica, 14, 14 - 35."]}

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) helenae Albino, Pes, & Hamada 2011 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 25 males, 07.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with light (CZMA); Caxias, MA-034, Igarap�� Riach��o, 04��56'8.59"S, 43��21'26.65"W, 53 m a.s.l., 2 males, 02���03.vi.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with light (CZMA); Caxias, S��tio Tarum��, Igarap�� Itapecuruzinho, 04��53'42.30"S, 43��20'31.30"W, 62 m a.s.l., 1 male, 28.v.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Roraima). Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Albino, J. L. D., Pes, A. M. & Hamada, N. (2011) Smicridea (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) from 3 Brazilian Amazonian States: New species, larval taxonomy and bionomics. Zootaxa, 3113, 1 - 35."]}

Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) paprockii Johanson & Malm 2006 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranhão: Caxias, Área de Proteção Ambiental Inhamum, Igarapé Soledade, 04°53'40.8"S, 43°25'18.9"W, 384 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20–21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desidério, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA); Caxias, Área de Proteção Ambiental Inhamum, Igarapé Sumidouro do Padre I, 04°53'28.1"S, 43°25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20–21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desidério, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA); Caxias, Área de Proteção Ambiental Inhamum, Igarapé Sumidouro do Padre II, 04°53'23.6"S, 43°25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20– 25.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desidério, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Minas Gerais). Remarks. Previously recorded only in its type locality (Southeast Region), in this study we report its presence for the first time for the Northeast Region, Brazil.

Macronema pertyi Banks 1924 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Cancela, 07��06���44.2���S, 47��17���56.8���W, 225 m a.s.l., 1 male, 01���10.x.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA); Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Sucuruiu, 07��07'05.6''S, 47��18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���30.iv.2014, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.L. Rocha, G.A. Reis legs., Malaise trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Mato Grosso, Par��), PERU. Remarks. The presence of this species in this study represents the first record for the Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on pages 160-161, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Banks, N. (1924) Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 65, 421 - 455. [pls. 1 - 4, with explanations.]"]}

Triplectides cipo Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Sucuruiu, 07��07'05.6''S, 47��18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 1 male, 01���10.iv.2014, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.L. Rocha, G.A. Reis legs., Malaise trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Minas Gerais). Remarks. Previously recorded only from its type locality, this species is reported the first time for the Northeast Region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 166, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Henriques-Oliveira, A. L. & Dumas, L. L. (2015) Two new species of Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from South America. Zoologia (Curitiba): an international journal for zoology, 32 (1), 66 - 70."]}

Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) vergelana Ross 1956 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07��06'59.8''S, 47��21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l., 1 male, 15���31.vii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA); Caxias, MA-034, Igarap�� Riach��o, 04��56'8.59"S, 43��21'26.65"W, 53 m a.s.l., 3 males, 02���03.vi.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BELIZE, BRAZIL (Cear��, Pernambuco, Piau��), COSTA RICA, GUATEMALA, HONDURAS, MEXICO, PANAMA, PARAGUAY, PERU, SURINAME, TRINIDAD, VENEZUELA. Remarks. Previously recorded in the Northeast Region only for the states of Pernambuco (Souza et al. 2013b) and Cear�� and Piau�� (Takiya et al. 2016), the known distribution of this species is extended in this study, providing the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias Municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Ross, H. H. (1956) New species of Helicopsyche from the western hemisphere (Trichoptera, Helicopsychidae). Journal of the Washington Academy of Sciences, 46, 397 - 401.","Souza, W. R. M., Lima, L. R. C., Pes, A. M. O. & Pinheiro, U. (2013 b) Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 1, 1 - 10."]}

Leptonema columbianum Ulmer 1905a Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 20 males, 06���07.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Bahia, Distrito Federal, Goi��s, Mato Grosso do Sul, Minas Gerais, Par��, Rond��nia, S��o Paulo), COLOMBIA, GUYANA, PARAGUAY, PERU, SURINAME, VENEZUELA. Remarks. This species is widely distributed in Brazil and in the Northeast Region, having been recorded previously only from Bahia State. In this study the known distribution is extended and provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias Municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1905 a) Zur Kenntniss aussereuropaischer Trichopteren. Stettin Entomologische Zeitung, 66 (1), 3 - 392. [pls. 1 - 4.]"]}

Nectopsyche quatuorguttata (Nav��s 1922) Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Soledade, 04��53'40.8"S, 43��25'18.9"W, 384 m a.s.l., 8 females, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 2 males, 07.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Mato Grosso) GUYANA, SURINAME, PERU. Remarks. Previously recorded only for the Mato Grosso State in the Midwest Region of Brazil (Nogueira & Cabette 2011), the range of this species is extended and this study provides the first record for the Northeast Region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 165, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Navas, L. (1922) Insectos exoticos. Broteria, Serie Zoologica, 20, 49 - 63.","Nogueira, D. S. & Cabette, H. S. R. (2011) New records and notes on geographic distribution of Trichoptera Kirby, 1813 (Insecta) from Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Biota Neotropica, 11 (2), 1 - 9."]}

Polyplectropus inarmatus Flint 1971 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 02.ii.2014, G.R. Desid��rio, C.A.S. Azev��do legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas), ECUADOR, PERU. Remarks. Previously recorded only in the North Region, Brazil, this species is recorded for the first time from the Northeast Region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 169, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1971) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XII: Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Philopotamidae, and Psychomyiidae from the Amazon River (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 3 (1), 1 - 67."]}

Chimarra (undetermined) usitatissima Flint 1971 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 2 males, 05.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Par��, Rond��nia), SURINAME. Remarks. This is the first record of this species for the Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1971) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XII: Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Philopotamidae, and Psychomyiidae from the Amazon River (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 3 (1), 1 - 67."]}

Leptonema maculatum Mosely 1933 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07��06'59.8''S, 47��21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20���31.viii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA); Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Soledade, 04��53'40.8"S, 43��25'18.9"W, 384 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA); Mirador, Parque Estadual do Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06��35���58���S, 45��40���49���W, 402 m a.s.l., 2 males, 10���20.x.2013, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, T.L. Rocha legs., Malaise trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Mato Grosso, Par��), SURINAME. Remarks. This report provides the first record for the Northeast Region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 158, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Mosely, M. E. (1933) A revision of the genus Leptonema (Trichoptera). British Museum (Natural History), London, 69 pp."]}

Chimarra (Curgia) jugescens Flint 1998 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre I, 04��53'28.1"S, 43��25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre II, 04��53'23.6"S, 43��25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20���21.xii.2014, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas, Par��). Remarks. Previously recorded only in the North Region of Brazil and in the Northeast Region only for the state of Piau�� (Takiya et al. 2016), this study provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1998) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, LIII: A taxonomic revision of the subgenus Curgia of the genus Chimarra (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 594, i - v, 1 - 131."]}

Cyrnellus rianus Flint 1983 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 06.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, URUGUAY. Remarks. The presence of this species in this study represents the first record from Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 168, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1983) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXXIII: New species from austral South America (Trichoptera). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 377, i - vi, 1 - 100."]}

Smicridea (Smicridea) obliqua Flint 1974 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre I, 04��53'28.1"S, 43��25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 3 males, 05.ix.2014, S.R.S. Nascimento leg., white sheet with light (CZMA); Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre II, 04��53'23.6"S, 43��25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Amazonas), SURINAME. Remarks. Previously recorded only for the Northern Region in Amazonas State (Flint 1978, Albino et al. 2011). This study provides the first record for the Northeast Region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1974) The Trichoptera of Surinam: Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XV. Studies on the fauna of Suriname and other Guyanas, 55, 1 - 151. [pls. 1 - 4.]","Flint, O. S. Jr. (1978) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XXII: Hydropsychidae of the Amazon basin (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 6, 373 - 421.","Albino, J. L. D., Pes, A. M. & Hamada, N. (2011) Smicridea (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae) from 3 Brazilian Amazonian States: New species, larval taxonomy and bionomics. Zootaxa, 3113, 1 - 35."]}

Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) paprockii Johanson & Malm 2006 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Soledade, 04��53'40.8"S, 43��25'18.9"W, 384 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA); Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre I, 04��53'28.1"S, 43��25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA); Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre II, 04��53'23.6"S, 43��25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20��� 25.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Minas Gerais). Remarks. Previously recorded only in its type locality (Southeast Region), in this study we report its presence for the first time for the Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 157, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Johanson, K. A. & Malm, T. (2006) Seven new Helicopsyche (Feropsyche) Johanson, 2002 from the Neotropical region and Nearctic Mexico (Insecta: Trichoptera: Helicopsychidae). Zootaxa, 1208, 1 - 24."]}

Macronema hageni Banks 1924 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre I, 04��53'28.1"S, 43��25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 1 male, 04���06.ix.2014, S.R.S. Nascimento leg., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA); Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre II, 04��53'23.6"S, 43��25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BOLIVIA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso, Par��, Roraima), COLOMBIA, ECUADOR, PARAGUAY, PERU, SURINAME, VENEZUELA. Remarks. This is the first record of this species from Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 160, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Banks, N. (1924) Descriptions of new neuropteroid insects. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 65, 421 - 455. [pls. 1 - 4, with explanations.]"]}

Phylloicus brevior Banks 1915 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07��06'59.8''S, 47��21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l.: 1 male, 01���10.xii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA); 2 males, 15���31.vii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA); 1 male, 20���31.viii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Par��, Rond��nia), GUYANA, and SURINAME. Remarks. Previously recorded in Brazil only for the North Region, the known distribution of this species is extended and this study provides the first record from the Northeast Region, Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 156, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Banks, N. (1915) New neuropteroid insects, native and exotic. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1914, 608 - 632. [pl. 28.]"]}

Triplectides maranhensis sp. nov. Desid��rio, Barcelos-Silva, & Pes (Figures 2A���2 B; 3A���3E) Diagnosis. This new species is similar to T. nevadus Holzenthal 1988 and T. qosqo Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015 by the midlaterally produced posterior margin of segment IX and by the pointed apices of the mesal lobes of the inferior appendages bent laterad. Additionally, all three species have virtually the same wing venation. Furthermore, T. maranhanensis sp. nov. and T. nevadus are the only species that share a 0:2:2 or 0:2:3 tibial spur formula. However, the new species can be easily distinguished from these species by having dorsum IX with sclerotized posterior margin broadly rounded to angulate; mesal lobes of inferior appendages each bearing 4���5 ventral stout setae in middle region and its apex wrinkled. Triplectides maranhanensis sp. nov. also shares with T. tepui Holzenthal 1988 features of the phallic apparatus of the male genitalia, such as its apex with the phallotremal sclerite well developed and a pair of wide flanges directed dorsolaterad. Although somewhat similar to T. tepui, the new species differs from it and other congeners by the presence of prominent phallic membranes that are striate and seashell-like and by the phallotremal sclerite which, in dorsal view, has its median tip exposed between a pair of apical lobes. Material examined. Holotype male. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Mirador, Parque Estadual Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06��35���58���S, 45��40���49���W, 402 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���28.iii.2014, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, L.S. Santos legs., Malaise trap (CZMA). Paratypes. Same data as holotype, except 1 male, 01���10.xii.2013, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, T.L. Rocha legs. (INPA); Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07��06'59.8''S, 47��21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l., 20���31.viii.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Malaise trap (CZMA), same data, except Riacho Sucuruiu, 07��07'05.6''S, 47��18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 1 male, 15���31.vii.2013 (INPA). Description. Adult male. General color brown (in alcohol). Antennae with scapes and pedicels brown, flagella pale yellow and palps brown. Forewings each 9.0��� 11.1 mm (n = 4) long, brown, with small pale spots; with forks I and V present; discoidal cell about as broad as apical cells, nearly parallel-sided distally; crossvein s long, straight, distance from curved r -m crossvein less than its length (Fig. 2A). Hind wings with forks I, III, and V present; fork I with distinct petiole (Fig. 2 B). Legs pale brown. Tibial spur formula 0:2:2 or 0:2:3. Male Genitalia. Segment IX annular, in lateral view (Fig. 3A) longitudinally short, longest dorsally, with anterior margin nearly straight, posterior margin produced in middle; dorsum IX with sclerotized posterior margin sharply rounded to slightly angulate (Fig. 3 B). Preanal appendages slightly longer than dorsum X, setose; in dorsal view clavate, apices rounded (Fig. 3 B). Tergum X, in lateral view, with basal half less sclerotized than apical half, tall at base, narrowing apically (Fig. 3A), with ventral margin straight; in dorsal view bearing short, apical and lateral setae, apex rounded, with deep apicomesal incision extending anteriorly one-third of length of segment (Fig. 3 B). Inferior appendages long, slightly surpassing tergum X, bearing long setae (Fig. 3A); each with 1st article, in lateral view, enlarged basally, with constriction at mid-length (Fig. 3A); apicodorsal lobe digitate, long, extending beyond second article, with long setae (Fig. 3 C); basoventral lobe digitate, long, apex rounded, bearing long setae; in ventral view (Fig. 3 C), mesal lobe shorter than basoventral lobe, broad basally to mid length, bearing 4���5 stout ventral setae in middle, wrinkled and tapering in apical half, apex pointed, bent laterad (Fig. 3 C); 2nd article short, slender, with pointed apex, directed apicomesad (Fig. 3 C). Phallic apparatus elongate, complex, in lateral view basal portion of phallobase subtriangular with ventral trough, middle portion straight and slender, apex with pair of wide, semimembranosus flanges directed dorsolaterad; phallic membranes prominent, striate, seashell-like (Fig. 3 D); phallotremal sclerite well developed, trident-shaped in dorsal view, with median tip exposed between pair of apical lobes (Fig. 3 E). Etymology. The specific epithet, maranhensis, refers to the state of Maranh��o, where the type specimens were collected. Distribution. BRAZIL (Maranh��o). Remarks. Triplectides Kolenati 1859, with about 80 species worldwide, is the most species-rich genus within Triplectidinae (Leptoceridae) (Morse 2016). Its highest diversity is concentrated in the Australian Region, with 15 and 25 species recorded from New Caledonia and Australia, respectively (Malm & Johanson 2008). In the Neotropical Region there are 16 species described, distributed from southern Mexico to southern Chile (Holzenthal 1988; Dumas & Nessimian 2010; Henriques-Oliveira & Dumas 2015). Currently, seven species are recorded from Brazil, of which only T. gracilis (Burmeister 1839) has been recorded for the Northeast Region (Santos et al. 2016). Triplectides maranhanensis sp. nov. is the second species recorded for the region., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on pages 154-156, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Henriques-Oliveira, A. L. & Dumas, L. L. (2015) Two new species of Triplectides (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from South America. Zoologia (Curitiba): an international journal for zoology, 32 (1), 66 - 70.","Kolenati, F. A. (1859) Genera et species Trichopterorum, Pars Altera. Nouveaux Memoires de la Societe Imperiale des Naturalistes de Moscou, 11, 141 - 296.","Morse, J. C. (2016) Trichoptera World Checklist. Available from: http: // entweb. clemson. edu / database / trichopt / index. htm. (accessed 0 8 April 2016)","Malm, T. & Johanson, K. A. (2008) Description of eleven new Triplectides species (Trichoptea: Leptoceridae) from New Caledonia. Zootaxa, 1816, 1 - 34.","Dumas, L. L. & Nessimian, J. L. (2010) A new long-horned caddisfly in the genus Triplectides Kolenati (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae) from the Itatiaia massif, southeastern Brazil. Neotropical Entomology, 39 (6), 949 - 951.","Burmeister, H. (1839) Handbuch der Entomologie, vulgo Neuroptera, 2 (2, second half). Theod. Chr. Friedr. Enslin, Berlin."]}

Cyrnellus mammillatus Flint 1971 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre I, 04��53'28.1"S, 43��25'52.3"W, 448 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���21.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre II, 04��53'23.6"S, 43��25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20���25.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 05.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Amazonas, Minas Gerais, Mato Grosso do Sul, Par��, Pernambuco, Paran��, Rio de Janeiro, S��o Paulo), ECUADOR, PARAGUAY, PERU, URUGUAY. Remarks. Previously recorded only for the state of Pernambuco (Souza et al. 2013b) in the Northeast Region, the range of this species is extended and this study provides the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 168, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Flint, O. S. Jr. (1971) Studies of Neotropical caddisflies, XII: Rhyacophilidae, Glossosomatidae, Philopotamidae, and Psychomyiidae from the Amazon River (Trichoptera). Amazoniana, 3 (1), 1 - 67.","Souza, W. R. M., Lima, L. R. C., Pes, A. M. O. & Pinheiro, U. (2013 b) Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 1, 1 - 10."]}

Macrostemum hyalinum (Pictet 1836) Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Estiva, 07��06'59.8''S, 47��21'21.0''W, 265 m a.s.l., 6 males, 20���31.x.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Malaise trap (CZMA); Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Sucuruiu, 07��07'05.6''S, 47��18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���30.iv.2014, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.L. Rocha, G.A. Reis legs., Malaise trap (CZMA); Mirador, Parque Estadual do Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06��35���58���S, 45��40���49���W, 402 m a.s.l., 2 males, 20���28.ii.2014, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, L.S. Santos legs., Malaise trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Acre, Bahia, Cear��, Esp��rito Santo, Mato Grosso, Par��, Para��ba, Pernambuco, Paran��, Rio de Janeiro, S��o Paulo), COLOMBIA, GUYANA, PERU, VENEZUELA. Remarks. Widely distributed in Brazil. This study extends the known distribution of this species to the state of Maranh��o [Carolina and Mirador municipalities]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 161, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Pictet, F. J. (1836) Description de quelques nouvelles especes de Nevropteres du Musee de Geneve. Societe de Physique et d'Histoire Naturelle de Geneve, 7, 396 - 403."]}

Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) palmar Sganga 2005 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, MA-034, Igarap�� Riach��o, 04��56'8.59"S, 43��21'26.65"W, 53 m a.s.l., 1 male, 02���03.vi.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. ARGENTINA, BRAZIL (Esp��rito Santo, Pernambuco). Remarks. Previously recorded only from Pernambuco State (Souza et al. 2013b) in the Northeast Region. This study represents the first record for the state of Maranh��o [Caxias municipality]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 162, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Sganga, J. V. (2005) A new species of Smicridea from Argentina (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina, 64, 141 - 145.","Souza, W. R. M., Lima, L. R. C., Pes, A. M. O. & Pinheiro, U. (2013 b) Trichoptera (Insecta) from Pernambuco State, northeastern Brazil. Journal of Natural History, 1, 1 - 10."]}

Phylloicus sallesi sp. nov. Barcelos-Silva, Desidério, & Pes (Figs 1–3) Examined material. Holotype male. BRAZIL: Espírito Santo: Fundão, Timbuí, Hotel Fazenda Monte Sião, 19°56’02.0”S, 40°24’45.0”W, ix.2014, P. Barcelos-Silva leg. (alcohol, INPA). Paratypes: Same data as holotype, 1 male and 1 female (CZNC). Diagnosis. Phylloicus sallesi sp. nov. is similar to P. bidigitatus Prather 2003 and P. obliquus Navás 1931, all three of which have a median hollow in the apex of tergum X and the shape of the apical article of each inferior appendage is elongate, triangular, and with three stout setae at the apex. The new species can be distinguished from those by (1) the presence of ventropleural setae (absent in P. bidigitatus and P. obliquus), (2) midventral longitudinal ridges of sternum IX that are fused on the midline (widely separated in the other species), and (3) the presence of a distinctive and unique globose expansion of the apicoventral margin of the phallobase. (4) The base of tergum X in dorsal view has a convex prominence (prominence absent in P. bidigitatus), (5) the lateral arms around the apical notch of tergum X are nearly pointed apically (larger and rounded in P. bidigitatus), and (6) the inferior appendages of P. sallesi sp. nov. are relatively longer than in P. bidigitatus. Description. Adult. Forewing length 8.54–8.56 mm (n = 3). General body color orangish yellow, dorsal portion of head with dark brown median longitudinal band covered by dark brown setae; antennae, maxillary and labial palps pale yellow to light brown, covered by dark brown setae (Fig. 1 A). Antennae twice as long as forewings, brown. Dorsal pterothorax orangish yellow (Fig. 1 A); ventrolateral thorax pale yellow. Legs golden brown. Metathoracic legs of male each with posterior fringe of long setae. Tibial spur formula 2, 4, 4. Forewings held flat when at rest, chestnut brown and without markings (Fig. 1 A). Forewing venation similar in male and female except that R1 vein fused with R2 subapically in male (Fig. 1 B1), but free to apical margin in female; forks I, II, III, IV, and V present, all sessile; discoidal, median, and thyridial cells closed (Fig. 1 B1). Hind wings each with forks II, III, and V; thyridial cell closed (Fig. 1 B2). Male genitalia. Abdominal terga I–VIII without anteromesal notches, corematic structures, or other modifications; sternum VII without posteromesal process. Sternum VIII similar to anterior sterna. Sternum IX not elongate (Fig. 2 C). Tergum IX without mesal ridge; posterior margin with truncate mesal projection; dorsomesal lobe absent; lateral ridges absent; each side with 12 to 14 dorsopleural setae, two to three ventropleural setae (Fig. 2 A); sternum IX with pair of parallel midventral longitudinal ridges abutted and fused on the midline (Fig. 2 C). Preanal appendages digitate, about 3/ 4 as long as tergum X, slightly narrower basally, setae long, but not longer than appendage (Figs. 2 A, 2B). Tergum X covered with setae; in dorsal view with a convex prominence basally, tapering and notched apically with lateral arms nearly pointed; depth of notch about 1/3 as long as tergum X; basodorsal and basolateral processes absent; base in lateral view, with oblique ventrolateral ridges slightly sclerotized (Fig. 2 A). Inferior appendages each with basal article enlarged apically, longer than apical article, and covered by long setae; apical article sharply tapered, with five short, stout, midlateral, peg-like setae and three similar subapicomesal setae (Figs. 2 A, 2C). Phallobase long, curved posteroventrad in middle, with apicoventral portion globose (Fig. 2 D); phallic endotheca with paired apicolateral lobes upturned, directed laterad and then anterad; phallotremal sclerites average size, longest dimension less than diameter of phallobase; dorsal sclerite, in lateral view, triangular, in ventral view horseshoe-shaped (Figs. 2 D, 2E). Female genitalia. Sternum VIII with anterior margin concave and slightly angulate, posterior margin with deep notch mesally to anterior ridge, transverse band of setae present on posterior 1/3rd (Fig. 3 C). Sternum IX with anterior and posterior lobes smooth, distinct, and obliquely striate, with pair of distinct glandular openings between these lobes on each side (Fig. 3 A). Tergum X lateral appendages triangular, longer than its mesal lobe, margined by long setae, bases indistinct; mesal lobe slightly sclerotized, projecting over shallow notch in middle of posterior margin and with pair of rounded ridges beside it (Figs. 3 A, 3B). Vaginal apparatus with posterior sclerite elongate, vasiform, ring-shaped structure present anteriorly with pointed projection posteriorly; anterior sclerite broadest at midlength, tapered anteriorly and posteriorly, posterolateral projections absent; ventral lobe triangular and slightly sclerotized (Fig. 3 A). Habitat. The specimens described here were collected in a narrow stream with dense vegetation cover in an Atlantic Forest fragment. Etymology. The specific name honors the great entomologist Frederico Falcão Salles, from CEUNES/ UFES, who strongly improved our knowledge of aquatic insects in Espírito Santo State. Distribution. Brazil (Espírito Santo).

Chimarra (Chimarra) bidens Ulmer 1909 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Caxias, ��rea de Prote����o Ambiental Inhamum, Igarap�� Sumidouro do Padre II, 04��53'23.6"S, 43��25'53.2"W, 363 m a.s.l., 1 male, 21���25.xii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, S.R.S. Nascimento legs., Pennsylvania trap (CZMA), Caxias, Fazenda P�� da Serra, Rio Itapecuru, 05��07'49.5"S, 43��33'0.40"W, 60 m a.s.l., 1 male, 06.vii.2014, D. Sousa, G.R. Desid��rio, G. Sousa, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA), Caxias, MA-034, Igarap�� Riach��o, 04��56'8.59"S, 43��21'26.65"W, 53 m a.s.l., 1 male, 02���03.vi.2014, D. Sousa, S.R.S. Nascimento, M.A.G. Almeida legs., white sheet with mixed light (CZMA). Known distribution. VENEZUELA, SURINAME. Remarks. This species is reported for the first time from Brazil., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on pages 166-167, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Ulmer, G. (1909) I. Trichopterenimagines aus Venezuela. In: Ulmer, G. & Thienemann, A. (Eds.), Sudamerikanische Trichopteren aus dem Kopenhagener Museum. Deutsche Entomologische Zeitschrift, 1909, 305 - 308."]}

Macrostemum bravoii Fran��a, Paprocki, & Calor 2013 Material examined. BRAZIL: Maranh��o: Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Cancela, 07��06���44.2���S, 47��17���56.8���W, 225 m a.s.l., 2male, 01���10.x.2013, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.T. Silva legs., Suspended trap (CZMA); Carolina, Parque Nacional Chapada das Mesas, Riacho Sucuruiu, 07��07'05.6''S, 47��18'31.6''W, 240 m a.s.l., 3 males, 20���30.iv.2014, J.A. Rafael, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, T.L. Rocha, G.A. Reis legs., Malaise trap (CZMA); Mirador, Parque Estadual do Mirador, Base da Geraldina, 06��35���58���S, 45��40���49���W, 402 m a.s.l., 1 male, 20���28.ii.2014, F. Limeira-de-Oliveira, L.M. Santos, L.S. Santos legs., Malaise trap (CZMA). Known distribution. BRAZIL (Bahia, Mato Grosso). Remarks. With the record in the Northeast Region only in the Bahia State (type locality) (Fran��a et al. 2013), the known distribution of this species is extended and this study provides the first record from Maranh��o State [Carolina and Mirador municipalities]., Published as part of Desid��rio, Gleison Robson, Barcelos-Silva, Patrik, De Souza, Wagner Rafael M., Pes, Ana Maria & De Azev��do, Carlos Augusto S., 2017, Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) from Maranh��o State, Northeast Region, Brazil: A new species, checklist, and new geographical records, pp. 151-171 in Zootaxa 4221 (2) on page 161, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.248618, {"references":["Franca, D., Paprocki, H. & Calor, A. R. (2013) The genus Macrostemum Kolenati 1859 (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae) in the Neotropical Region: Description of two new species, taxonomic notes, distributional records and key to males. Zootaxa, 3716 (3), 301 - 335. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 3716.3.1"]}