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Background: Cutaneous nerve blockade may improve analgesia after hip surgery. Anaesthesia after the lateral femoral cutaneous (LFC) nerve block is too distal for complete coverage of most hip surgery incisions, which requires additional anaesthesia of the adjacent, proximal area. The transversalis fascia plane (TFP) block potentially anaesthetises the iliohypogastric and subcostal nerves. The primary aim of the present study was to investigate, if the TFP block provides cutaneous anaesthesia adjacent to the LFC nerve block.Methods: Active vs placebo TFP blocks were compared in a paired randomised controlled trial (RCT) in 20 volunteers, who all had bilateral LFC nerve blocks. The day preceding the RCT, the area anaesthetised by a novel selective ultrasound guided subcostal nerve block was identified bilaterally in order to assess the contribution of the subcostal nerve to the area anaesthesia by the TFP block.Results: Anaesthesia of the lateral hip region after TFP block was 80%. The cutaneous anaesthesia after active TFP block was in continuity with the LFC nerve block in 65%. Combined TFP and LFC nerve blockade significantly increased the coverage of hip surgery incisions compared to LFC nerve block alone. The success rate of blocking the subcostal nerve was 50% with the TFP block.Conclusion: The TFP block anaesthetises the skin proximal to the LFC nerve block by anaesthetising the iliohypogastric and subcostal nerves. TFP block as a supplement to LFC nerve block improves the coverage of the proximal surgical incisions used for hip surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical trials have used antibiotic impregnated impacted bone allograft in revisions of infected arthroplasties. By this method high local antibiotic concentration and good control of infection was achieved. Toxicity studies, however, suggest that high local antibiotic concentration can impair osteoblast replication. We therefore asked whether impregnating morselized allograft bone with different quantities of tobramycin before impaction would impair implant fixation. We implanted three cylindrical (10 mm × 6 mm) porous-coated titanium implants into the distal femurs of 12 dogs. The implants were surrounded by a circumferential gap of 2.5 mm into which a standardized volume of morselized allograft bone, with or without tobramycin, was impacted. In each animal, the bone graft was impregnated with either 0 mg (control), 50 mg (low dose), or 200 mg (high dose) of tobramycin per 1 mL of bone graft. At the end of the 4 weeks experimental period, the implants with surrounding bone were evaluated by histomorphometric analysis and mechanical push-out test. We found no difference between the treatment groups regarding new bone formation, bone graft resorption, or implant fixation. There was, however, a tendency toward a decrease in implant fixation with higher tobramycin dose. The present study is unable to provide evidence on whether the use of topical tobramycin with allograft is safe or whether it indeed can impair implant fixation. The tendency toward an impaired implant fixation warrants further preclinical studies. Its current clinical use should be weighed against its possible positive effects on preventing infection in complicated revisions. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 102B: 173-180, 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Information on data validity is essential for understanding the precision of studies based on data from the Danish National Patient Registry (DNPR). Thus, the aim of this study was to validate the quality of ankle fracture data in the DNPR., Methods: We identified all patients from four hospitals with a surgically treated ankle fracture between 1 January 2018 and 31 December 2018. The positive predictive value (PPV) was estimated for a random sample of 10% of patients with both a relevant ankle fracture diagnosis code and a relevant procedure code, as well as for patients with only a relevant ankle fracture diagnosis code or a relevant ankle fracture procedure code. We collected data from medical records and X-rays. Two consultants independently validated the ankle fracture diagnosis and procedure codes reported to the DNPR., Results: Among the four centres, 651 patients were identified with both an ankle fracture diagnosis and a procedure code. Among these, data from 65 (10%) patients were extracted for validation. For these patients, the PPV for an ankle fracture was 0.95 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.88-0.99). The PPV for the diagnosis code was 0.89 (95% CI: 0.79-0.95), and for the procedure code, the PPV was 0.82 (95% CI: 0.70-0.90). For patients with only an ankle fracture diagnosis code or only a surgical procedure code, the PPV for an ankle fracture was 0.77 (95% CI: 0.64-0.87)., Conclusion: This study showed that ankle fracture diagnosis and procedure codes registered in the DNPR are of a high quality and thus constitute a valuable data source for research on ankle fractures., Funding: none., Trial Registration: The Danish Data Protection Agency approved the study (journal number 2015-18/62866)., (Articles published in the DMJ are “open access”. This means that the articles are distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial License, which permits any non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author(s) and source are credited.)

Traumatic dislocation of the hip in children is rare. Immediately closed reduction is important but contains a risk of tissue becoming intertwined in the joint space, and a risk of development of avascular femoral head necrosis. In this case report, we present two cases of traumatic hip luxation in an 11-year-old boy and a nine-year-old boy, where intertwined labral tears were recognised immediately following closed reduction in one case and after two weeks in the other. They were treated with safe surgical dislocation of the femoral head. Blood flow to the femoral head was ensured by perioperative monitoring, and both boys had complete recovery.

Background: The anti-osteoporotic drug raloxifene reduces the risk of vertebral fractures by increasing bone mass density. We investigated whether raloxifene offers any benefits in augmenting early fixation of orthopedic implants in the setting of impaction bone grafting., Methods: 24 non-weight-bearing grafted gap implants were inserted bilaterally into the tibia of 12 dogs. The 2.5-mm peri-implant gap was filled with either raloxifene-impregnated or untreated bone allograft. Implants were harvested after 28 days. Implant fixation was assessed by mechanical testing and histomorphometric evaluation., Results: Raloxifene-treated allograft reduced early implant fixation compared to untreated allograft, as measured by inferior maximum shear strength (p < 0.001) and apparent shear stiffness (p = 0.001). We found that the raloxifene group had more newly formed bone in the gap around the implant (p = 0.02), but also less allograft (p = 0.03)., Interpretation: The accelerated allograft resorption in the raloxifene group explained the impaired early fixation, despite its stimulation of new bone formation. Our results with local and possible high-dose treatment are not consistent with current theory regarding the mechanism of how systemic raloxifene administration counteracts the decrease in BMD in postmenopausal women. Instead of being solely anti-resorptive as generally held, our results indicate a possible anabolic side of raloxifene.

Loosening of an artificial joint prosthesis is a painful and debilitating condition that can be treated only by re-operation. Re-operations accounted for approximately 15% of all hip replacement operations performed in Denmark between the year 1995 and 2010. The process of loosening is often accompanied by destructive inflammation and osteolysis, which leads to insufficient bone stock that often requires extensive bone grafting. Impacted morselized bone graft is a well-established method for improving the amount and quality of bone stock that ensures sufficient stability and anchorage of the revision implants. Among bone graft options, the autologous bone graft is considered the gold standard. It is naturally biocompatible, but its use in revision surgery is curtailed by its limited volume and by considerable donor site morbidity. Allograft bone is readily available and is the most commonly used graft material. However, it has been shown that the incorporation of allograft bone into the host bone is not always complete, and substantial fibrous tissue formation has been described. A reason for this may be that allograft bone is a foreign tissue, which, contrary to autogenic bone, may induce an immunogenic response that leads to increased fibrous tissue formation. Furthermore, the fresh-frozen allograft has minimal osteoinductive and no osteogenic capacity. The studies in this thesis have investigated ways of improving the incorporation of allograft bone by adding osteoinductive cells from the periosteum and reducing the immunogenic load of the allograft bone by rinsing. Furthermore, the impact of antibiotic protection of the bone graft has been evaluated. The same experimental implant model was used in all three studies. This model enables evaluation of early implant fixation and osseointegration of an uncemented implant surrounded by impacted morselized bone graft. Unloaded gap implants were inserted into the metaphysis of the proximal tibia (Study I) and distal femur (Study II and III) in dogs. The observation period was four weeks and the bone-implant specimens were evaluated by mechanical tests and histomorphometry. Study I compared the fixation of grafted implants where the morselized allograft bone was either rinsed in saline or not. Since the majority of immunogenic factors in allograft bone are present in the blood, the marrow and fat, the objective of this study was to investigate whether rinsing of the allograft bone would lower the immunogenic load and thereby improve osseointegration and bone graft incorporation. We found no statistically significant difference in the histomorphometric or the mechanical evaluations between the two groups. Study II investigated the addition of minced periosteal tissue to the allograft bone. The objective of this study was to investigate whether adding autologous tissue containing bone-forming cells could augment the bioactivity of allograft bone and thereby improve bone graft incorporation. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found no benefit of adding autologous periosteum to the allograft bone. No differences in mechanical fixation were observed, and the periosteum-treated implants had reduced new-bone ongrowth and increased amounts of fibrous tissue. Study III evaluated the impact of antibiotic impregnation of the allograft bone prior to impaction. Antibiotic-impregnated bone graft has been used in one-stage septic revisions and in cases where potential infection is suspected, but its potentially harmful effect on bone graft incorporation has not been studied. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of Tobramycin impregnation of bone-grafted implants by mechanical testing and histomorphometric assessment. We hypothesized that Tobramycin impregnation would impair implant fixation. Under the conditions of the present study, Tobramycin impregnation of allograft bone did not appear to impair implant fixation or tissue in-growth. In conclusion, under the premises of the present studies, no benefits of periosteal augmentation or rinsing of the bone graft prior to impaction were found. Antibiotic impregnation seems safe in terms of osseointegration, but surgeons should weigh the potentially cytotoxic effect of Tobramycin against its beneficial anti-microbial effect in joint arthroplasty revisions until further basic data on toxicity are available.