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Background/Objectives: Nearly 10% of cancers could be prevented through dietary changes. In addition, breast cancer (BC) is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Inadequate diet may lead to several metabolic abnormalities, including metabolic syndrome (MS). The goal of our study is to evaluate the link between survival after BC and MS, as well as diet lipids and circulating lipids. Methods: This study was performed in an early-stage BC cohort (n = 73): MS, dietary lipids, and circulating biological parameters, including leucocyte expression in cholesterol carriers (ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCA1, ABCG1), were determined before any medication intervention. The data of each patient were analyzed using univariate logistic regression and are expressed by HR, 95%CI [5th–95th]. All these parameters were explored with survival parameters using Cox regression analyses. Results: Overall survival (OS) and invasive disease-free survival (iDFS) were significantly longer for the women without metabolic syndrome with HR 4.7 [1.11–19.92] and p = 0.036, and 3.58 [1.23–10.44] and p = 0.019, respectively. The expression of ABCG1 in peripheral leucocytes, an ATP-binding cassette transporter involved in cholesterol and phospholipid trafficking, is significantly associated with iDFS (1.38 [1.1–1.9], p = 0.0048). MS is associated with more pejorative survival parameters in early-stage breast cancer. Paraoxonase (or PON) activities differ according to PON gene polymorphism, but also diet. A link between PON activities and survival parameters was suggested and needs to be clarified. Conclusions: This study emphasizes the link between survival parameters of early-stage breast cancer, metabolic syndrome, and some parameters related to lipid metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): Jean-Marie Bard [sup.1], Ludovic Drouet [sup.2], Denis Lairon [sup.3], Murielle Cazaubiel [sup.4], Corinne Marmonier [sup.5], Ewa Ninio [sup.6], Claire Bal dit Sollier [sup.2], Jean-Charles Martin [sup.3], Constance Boyer [sup.5], [...], Background Milk has a specific saturated fatty acid profile and its calcium content may change the kinetics of fat absorption. Objective The goal of this study was to compare the effect on LDL Cholesterol and other risk markers of four isolipidic diets differing by their fat food source, vegetable fat, spring milk fat, winter milk fat or winter milk fat supplemented with calcium, in healthy moderately hypercholesterolemic humans. Individuals and methods This double-blind, randomized trial with four parallel arms included 172 healthy adults with plasma LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) from 130 to 220 mg/dL and triglycerides below 300 mg/dL. Individual meal plans ensured a stable energy intake. In the three diets containing milk fat, milk fat provided 38% of energy. Vegetable fat and spring milk fat diets provided the same amount of saturated fatty acids while the winter milk fat diets were slightly richer in saturated fatty acids. Vegetable fat diet and winter milk fat diets provided the same amount of palmitic acid (7.0% EI), while the spring milk fat diet was slightly poorer in this fatty acid (5.1% EI). Cardiovascular risk markers were analyzed after 8 weeks of dietary intervention. Results There was no significant difference in LDL-C and other markers, except total cholesterol (TC), apo C3 and CRP. TC was significantly higher with spring milk fat than with vegetable fat. Conclusions In this trial, the chosen vegetable fat did not have a significant beneficial effect on LDL-C compared to dairy fat. However, sub-group analysis showed differences in TC, apo C3 and CRP. These results need confirmation and long-term studies aiming at cardiovascular endpoints are warranted.

Récemment, l’ANSES a rendu un avis prudent sur la consommation des phytostérols/stanols dans le but de réduire le risque cardiovasculaire. Parmi les principales raisons justifiant la prudence de l’ANSES figurent notamment, d’une part la variabilité inter-individuelle de la réponse à la consommation de phytostérols/stanols, et, d’autre part, les relations entre phytostérolémie plasmatique et risque cardiovasculaire. Ces deux points font l’objet de la présente revue. Il existe une variabilité de la réponse individuelle à l’apport de stérols/stanols végétaux, avec une absence de réponse (baisse LDLC) chez 20 à 42 % des sujets. Parmi les sujets non-répondeurs, certains augmentent le LDLC. La diminution du cholestérol LDLC est proportionnelle à sa concentration initiale en valeur absolue, et constante en pourcentage. La réponse est corrélée négativement au taux de synthèse du cholestérol et positivement au niveau d’absorption. L’effet des facteurs génétiques sur la réponse reste encore à démontrer. Il existe un manque de puissance statistique générale dans toutes les études génétiques publiées à ce jour. Concernant la relation entre phytostérolémie et le risque cardiovasculaire, de nombreux résultats contradictoires ont été publiés. Une méta-analyse montre globalement une absence de relation, mais l’hétérogénéité significative entre ces études ne permet pas de conclure. D’autre part, des études génétiques montrent que les variants qui augmentent la phytostérolémie sont associés à une augmentation du risque. La phytostérolémie est liée à l’absorption du cholestérol. L’absorption pourrait être le facteur causal de la relation entre phytostérolémie et risque cardiovasculaire, mais il n’est pas exclu que les phytostérols circulants aient aussi un effet délétère. L’ANSES estime que des études cliniques sont nécessaires pour conclure sur l’impact cardiovasculaire de la consommation des produits contenant des phytostérols/stanols.

OBJECTIVE: The deleterious effects of trans fatty acids (TFAs) on cardiovascular health are well established; however, their impact on type 2 diabetes remains poorly understood. In particular, little is known about the impact of specific TFA types on type 2 diabetes etiology. We aimed to explore the associations between different types of TFAs (total, ruminant, industry produced [iTFAs], and corresponding specific isomers) and risk of type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A total of 105,551 participants age >18 years from the French NutriNet-Santé cohort (2009–2021) were included (mean baseline age 42.7 years; SD 14.6 years); 79.2% were women. Dietary intake data, including usual TFA intake, were collected using repeated 24-h dietary records (n = 5.7; SD 3.1). Associations between sex-specific quartile of dietary TFAs and diabetes risk were assessed using multivariable Cox models. RESULTS: Total TFA intake was associated with higher type 2 diabetes risk (hazard ratio [HR]quartile 4 vs. 1 1.38; 95% CI 1.11–1.73; Ptrend < 0.001; n = 969 incident cases). This association, specifically observed for iTFAs (HR 1.45; 95% CI 1.15–1.83; Ptrend < 0.001), was mainly driven by elaidic acid (HR 1.37; 95% CI 1.09–1.72; Ptrend < 0.001) and linolelaidic acid (HR 1.29; 95% CI 1.04–1.58; Ptrend = 0.07). In contrast, ruminant TFAs were not significantly associated with risk of type 2 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: In this large prospective cohort, higher intakes of total and iTFAs were associated with increased type 2 diabetes risk. These findings support the World Health Organization's recommendation to eliminate iTFAs from the food supply worldwide. Consumers should be advised to limit the consumption of food products containing partially hydrogenated oils (main vector of iTFAs). This may contribute to lowering the substantial global burden of type 2 diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The DD genotype linked with higher concentrations of circulating angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) occurs more often among myocardial infarction patients with low-body mass index and low plasma levels of ApoB than among controls. This indicates that the ACE/ID polymorphism is a powerful risk factor both for myocardial infarction and for coronary heart disease in general. This new risk factor will apply to many people once thought to be in little danger of developing heart problems.

Abstract Background Plant sterols are an established non-pharmacological means to reduce total and LDL blood cholesterol concentrations and are therefore recommended for cholesterol management by worldwide-renown health care institutions. Their efficacy has been proven in many types of foods with the majority of trials conducted in spreads or dairy products. As an alternative to dairy products, soy based foods are common throughout the world. Yet, there is little evidence supporting the efficacy of plant sterols in soy-based foods. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of a soy drink enriched with plant sterols on blood lipid profiles in moderately hypercholesterolemic subjects. Methods In a randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind mono-centric study, 50 subjects were assigned to 200 ml of soy drink either enriched with 2.6 g plant sterol esters (1.6 g/d free plant sterol equivalents) or without plant sterols (control) for 8 weeks. Subjects were instructed to maintain stable diet pattern and physical activity. Plasma concentrations of lipids were measured at initial visit, after 4 weeks and after 8 weeks. The primary measurement was the change in LDL cholesterol (LDL-C). Secondary measurements were changes in total cholesterol (TC), non-HDL cholesterol (non-HDL-C), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C) and triglycerides. Results Regular consumption of the soy drink enriched with plant sterols for 8 weeks significantly reduced LDL- C by 0.29 mmol/l or 7% compared to baseline (p < 0.05). TC and non-HDL-C concentrations decreased by 0.26 mmol/l and 0.31 mmol/l (each p < 0.05), respectively. Mean reductions in total, LDL and non-HDL cholesterol were significantly greater than in the placebo group (p < 0.05). HDL-C and triglycerides were not affected. Compliance was very high (>96%), and products were well tolerated. Conclusion Daily consumption of a plant sterol-enriched soy drink significantly decreased total, non-HDL and LDL cholesterol and is therefore an interesting and convenient aid in managing mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia.