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Heat shock can be a lethal stressor. Previously, we described a CUL-6/cullin-ring ubiquitin ligase complex in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans that is induced by intracellular intestinal infection and proteotoxic stress and that promotes improved survival upon heat shock (thermotolerance). Here, we show that CUL-6 promotes thermotolerance by targeting the heat shock protein HSP-90 for degradation. We show that CUL-6-mediated lowering of HSP-90 protein levels, specifically in the intestine, improves thermotolerance. Furthermore, we show that lysosomal function is required for CUL-6-mediated promotion of thermotolerance and that CUL-6 directs HSP-90 to lysosome-related organelles upon heat shock. Altogether, these results indicate that a CUL-6 ubiquitin ligase promotes organismal survival upon heat shock by promoting HSP-90 degradation in intestinal lysosomes. Thus, HSP-90, a protein commonly associated with protection against heat shock and promoting degradation of other proteins, is itself degraded to protect against heat shock.

Objective In this multicenter retrospective study, we evaluated the prognostic role of blood eosinophil count on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods We included patients aged 20 to 90 years with a COPD diagnosis. Patients were divided into groups with blood eosinophil count ≤300 or >300 cells/μL and then further classified into 1–99, 100–300, or >300 cells/μL. We compared sociodemographic features and clinical outcomes between groups and identified risk factors associated with mortality in hospitalized patients with COPD and blood eosinophil count ≤300 cells/μL. Results In total, 217 patients were included (82% men, average age 64.3±10.3 years). Patients with eosinophil counts ≤300 cells/μL had significantly longer hospital stays, more admissions to the intensive care unit (22.2% vs. 4.3%), and more frequent mechanical ventilation (21.6% vs. 4.3%) than those with eosinophil counts >300 cells/μL. Mortality only occurred in the group with ≤300 cells/μL; patients with COPD who had eosinophil counts >300 cells/μL had significantly better survival rates (17.0% vs. 0%). Conclusion High blood eosinophil counts at admission were associated with improved short-term outcomes. Our findings reveal the importance of considering eosinophil counts in clinical decision-making to manage hospitalized patients with COPD.

Background: Bladder cancer (BC) is a heterogeneous malignancy, and predicting response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) remains a challenge. Herein, we investigate a high-risk bladder tumor, which developed during anti-BRAF/MEK therapy for a concurrent advanced BRAF-V600E-positive malignant melanoma (MM) and subsequently underwent complete spontaneous necrosis following Nivolumab immunotherapy, only to recur thereafter while still under the same treatment. This unique scenario provided an opportunity to investigate the roles of BRAF gene mutations in BC pathogenesis, respectively, of PD-L1 expression in immunotherapy response prediction. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed BC specimens obtained via transurethral resection at two critical time-points: prior to the complete spontaneous necrosis under Nivolumab (prenecrosis) and after tumor recurrence postnecrosis (postnecrosis). The BRAF gene mutation status was evaluated using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). PD-L1 expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry (IHC), quantified using the combined positive score (CPS), and a cutoff of ≥10 for positivity. Results: Neither pre- nor postnecrosis BC samples harbored BRAF gene mutations. Prenecrosis PD-L1 expression (CPS = 5) indicated a minimal likelihood of response to immunotherapy. However, complete spontaneous necrosis occurred under Nivolumab, followed by recurrence with further reduced PD-L1 expression (CPS = 1). Conclusions: The complete BC regression challenges the conventional role of PD-L1 as a sole predictive biomarker for immunotherapy. This study also highlights the potential role of BRAF/MEK inhibitors in BC oncogenesis and underscores the need for alternative biomarkers, such as tumor mutation burden (TMB) and circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), to guide treatment selection in BC better.

Key Clinical Message Recommendations advise factor IX desensitization before immune tolerance induction in severe hemophilia B, supported by immunosuppression. A child with inhibitor and anaphylaxis to factor IX showed successful immunosuppression‐free immune tolerance induction using very low and slowly increasing doses of a factor IX extended‐half‐life product. Immune tolerance to factor IX based on this protocol merits further study.

Background and Objectives: Bladder cancer in patients under 45 is poorly characterized and rarely described, with variabilities in clinical outcomes and tumor properties. Our study aimed to elucidate the clinical and pathological features and outcomes of bladder cancer in this younger demographic to better inform management strategies. Materials and Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis at the Urology Department of “Pius Brînzeu” County Emergency Clinical Hospital in Timișoara, Romania, on 60 patients aged 18–45 who underwent transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) during a 9-year period. Results: The cohort had a mean age of 38.5 ± 5.6 years with a male predominance (70%). Most tumors were non-muscle-invasive (NMIBC; 80%), with 16.7% being papillary urothelial neoplasms of low malignant potential (PUNLMP), 50% stage pTa, and 30% stage pT1. High-grade tumors were present in 43.3% of the patients. Recurrence occurred in 40% of the patients, while progression was observed in 16.7%. The 3-year overall survival rate was 93.3%, and the progression-free survival rate was 83.3%. Patients with high-grade tumors had a significantly higher recurrence rate (61.5% vs. 23.5%, p = 0.003) and lower survival rates compared to those with low-grade tumors. Conclusions: Young patients predominantly present with low-to-intermediate-stage tumors, yet a significant portion exhibit high-grade tumors associated with poorer outcomes. These findings suggest that while bladder cancer in younger patients tends to be less invasive, aggressive follow-up and treatment are crucial in those with high-grade tumors.

Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer in men and a leading cause of death worldwide. Early detection is vital, as it often presents with vague symptoms such as nocturia and poor urinary stream. Diagnostic tools like PSA tests, ultrasound, PET-CT, and mpMRI are essential for prostate cancer management. The PI-RADS system helps assess malignancy risk based on imaging. While mpMRI, which includes T1, T2, DWI, and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging (DCE), is the standard, bpMRI offers a contrast-free alternative using only T2 and DWI. This reduces costs, acquisition time, and the risk of contrast-related side effects but has limitations in detecting higher-risk PI-RADS 3 and 4 lesions. This study compared bpMRI’s diagnostic accuracy to mpMRI, focusing on prostate volume and PI-RADS scoring. Both methods showed strong inter-rater agreement for prostate volume (ICC 0.9963), confirming bpMRI’s reliability in this aspect. However, mpMRI detected more complex conditions, such as periprostatic fat infiltration and iliac lymphadenopathy, which bpMRI missed. While bpMRI offers advantages like reduced cost and no contrast use, it is less effective for higher-risk lesions, making mpMRI more comprehensive.

A person who dies for his or her religious faith is called a martyr or a martyr, but the term martyr also applies to those who give their lives for another cause considered noble, such as those who die for their country in time of war. Martyrdom is the suffering, torment, torture or death endured by someone for their ideas or beliefs. The term martyr is also used by extension in other forms, martyr of the fatherland, martyr of labour, to honour particular acts of heroism. The word 'martyr' is originally Greek and designates someone who has witnessed to Christ by his own death. At first, the term martyr was used with reference to the apostles still living, then it was extended to all those who gave a demonstration of faith and finally it was used of those who died as a result of persecution.

The rating of the villages of Anbar province, depending on Its spatial distribution, is one of the most important scientific aspects of geographical research, so this research was not found in finding a classification shows spatial distribution patterns of the villages of Anbar province and analyzing the characteristics affecting spatial distribution. The search for the question of the nature of spatial distribution of villages in Anbar province, which is like a research problem. The proliferation of villages in Anbar province has shown different distribution patterns as a result of the impact of natural and human properties. The search used modern statistical methods in the analysis by using the nearest style and the standard distance and the adoption of spaces and deployment measures. Three research results are three patterns of spatial distribution of villages in Anbar province.

The study relied on GIS software represented by the (Arc Map) program ‌based on a corrected satellite imagery captured from the American satellite ‌‌(Quick Bird), with a discriminatory accuracy (0.60 cm) for the year 2010, ‌as it dealt with the analysis of spatial distribution modeling and mapping ‌of urban settlements. Objective, after preparing the geographical database ‌for those layers. The aim of the research is to analyze the spatial ‌distribution modeling of human (urban) settlements in Anbar ‌Governorate and to determine the form of their spatial extension, through ‌the use of modern statistical methods related to the study of these patterns ‌and their analysis through the available technical capabilities represented ‌by the standard distance and the neighborhood link. The research ‌concluded that urban stability in Anbar Governorate is linked to the ‌human relationship with his environment, where stability reflects the ‌control of geographical factors (natural and human) to a large extent in ‌the spatial distribution pattern of urban stability centers, in terms of their ‌spread, distribution and sizes, and that the spatial distribution of them has ‌taken multiple forms and according to the control Geographical ‌conditions in that distribution. The study recommended the need to ‌develop a comprehensive database for human settlements and to expand ‌the use of geographic information systems for the parties concerned with ‌the process of planning human settlements.

Abstract Utilizing Glutaraldehyde crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-GA) hydrogel and its nanographene oxide composite (CMC-GA-GOx), an effective carboxymethyl cellulose-graphene oxide biobased composites adsorbent was developed for the adsorption removal of methylene blue (MB) cationic dye contaminate from industrial wastewater. The CMC-GA-GOx composites developed were characterized using FTIR, RAMAN, TGA, SEM, and EDX analysis instruments. Through batch experiments, several variables affecting the removal of MB dye, including the biocomposites GO:CMC composition, adsorption time, pH and temperature, initial MB concentration, adsorbent dosage, and NaCl concentration, were investigated under different conditions. The maximum dye removal percentages ranged between 93 and 98%. They were obtained using biocomposites CMC-GA-GO102 with 20% GO weight percent, adsorption time 25 min, adsorption temperature 25 °C, MB concentrations 10–30 ppm, adsorption pH 7.0, and 0.2 g adsorbent dose. The experimental data of the adsorption process suit the Langmuir isotherm more closely with a maximal monolayer adsorption capacity of 76.92 mg/g. The adsorption process followed the kinetic model of pseudo-second order. The removal of MB was exothermic and spontaneous from a thermodynamic standpoint. In addition, thermodynamic results demonstrated that adsorption operates most effectively at low temperatures. Finally, the reusability of the developed CMC-GA-GO102 has been proved through 10 successive cycles where only 14% of the MB dye removal percentage was lost. These results suggest that the developed CMC-GA-GO102 composite may be an inexpensive and reusable adsorbent for removing organic cationic dyes from industrial wastewater.

In the vast field of medical scientific research, few topics have managed to attract as much attention and mobilise academic resources as the use of dermal matrices in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. In this study, we used bibliographic metrics such as co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, and citations per document to analyse the relationship between the use of dermal matrices to reconstruct soft tissue defects caused by burns, tumours, and trauma. In addition, keyword analysis has highlighted the crucial role of technology in recent studies and the innovation brought about by the use of dermal matrices in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. Keywords used in recent studies have revealed the critical role of technology in the development of the field. We extracted a set of 1329 research papers from the Web of Science Core Collection database between 2010 and 2024 that met our criteria. Through keyword analysis, we identified technology as a significant factor in recent studies. Our results showed that there is very little collaboration between authors on the topic and that most of them are from Asia. A significant number of articles on this topic come from the USA, China, Japan, Germany, the UK, and France. We discovered the top ten most cited sources analysing the use of dermal matrices in the reconstruction of soft tissue defects. Finally, we think that this study will be beneficial for our further research.

In this work, using the spin coating method to create polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF)/polyethylene oxide (PEO) thin films, the effects of nano-tungsten oxide (WO2) doping were investigated. The novelty of this research lies in its investigation of varying weight concentrations of WO2 nanoparticles (NPs) within the composite films. Comprehensive characterization techniques were employed, including structural analysis via X-ray diffraction (XRD), which revealed a clear and prominent peak in the XRD of the PVDF/PEO films, and the films' polycrystalline nature with tetragonal structures. The grain size was noted to increase with higher WO2 NPs doping. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed hexagonal-like α-phase PVDF crystals and uniform distribution of WO2 NPs. Furthermore, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) confirmed the characteristics of PVDF/PEO and identified specific doping compounds, confirming successful incorporation. The optical transmittance spectra unveiled the films' optical band gap energy, optical transition types, and absorption characteristics, where novelty emerged as the band gap energy significantly increased from 3.0 eV to 3.64 eV with an increased WO2 NPs weight doping percentage, signifying profound electronic structure modifications and potential applications in optoelectronics and sensors.

Prostate cancer (PCa) remains one of the leading causes of cancer mortality in men worldwide, currently lacking specific, early detection and staging biomarkers. In this regard, modern research focuses efforts on the discovery of novel molecules that could represent potential future non-invasive biomarkers for the diagnosis of PCa, as well as therapeutic targets. Mounting evidence shows that cancer cells express an altered metabolism in their early stages, making metabolomics a promising tool for the discovery of altered pathways and potential biomarker molecules. In this study, we first performed untargeted metabolomic profiling on 48 PCa plasma samples and 23 healthy controls using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QTOF-[ESI+]-MS) for the discovery of metabolites with altered profiles. Secondly, we selected five molecules (L-proline, L-tryptophan, acetylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine C18:2 and spermine) for the downstream targeted metabolomics and found out that all the molecules, regardless of the PCa stage, were decreased in the PCa plasma samples when compared to the controls, making them potential biomarkers for PCa detection. Moreover, spermine, acetylcarnitine and L-tryptophan had very high diagnostic accuracy, with AUC values of 0.992, 0.923 and 0.981, respectively. Consistent with other literature findings, these altered metabolites could represent future specific and non-invasive candidate biomarkers for PCa detection, which opens novel horizons in the field of metabolomics.

The research concluded that the development of educational services is related to the growth of the population of the district on the one hand and the growth of its administrative units on the other, and there is a relational connection between population growth and the growth and expansion of administrative units and the growth and development of educational services in the countryside of Habbaniyah district.Educational services are divided into several stages (kindergartens, primary schools, middle schools, middle schools, secondary schools), through Table (1) and Figure (1) showing that the number of educational institutions for the academic year (2020-2021) in the study area amounted to ( 1 (101) was distributed between kindergartens and schools of all levels of study, and primary schools came to form the highest percentage of educational institutions, amounting to (65.3%), because this stage attracts the broad base of the population in addition to being obligatory, while the lowest percentage is middle schools, as it reached (2.0%) of the total number of educational institutions, while institutions of other educational stages ranged between the two previous percentages. The following is the spatial distribution of educational institutions and their components in the study area.

BackgroundSocial media platforms (SMP) are an emerging resource that allows physicians, patients, and families to converse on cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. We aimed to characterize penile cancer (PC) content shared on SMP.MethodsWe searched PC posts on Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram from July 1st, 2021, through June 30th, 2022. Two independent, blinded reviewers analyzed the hashtags: #PenileCancer, #PenileCancerAwareness, and #PenileNeoplasm. Descriptive statistics were used for posts characterization, Pearson´s correlation coefficient for associations, and Cohen’s weighted kappa coefficient for inter-rater agreement rate.ResultsA total of 791 posts were analyzed, with Twitter accounting for 52%, Facebook for 12.2%, and Instagram for 35.5%, and. Most posts originated from high-income countries, such as the United Kingdom (48.8%). We found no correlation between the number of posts with PC incidence (p = 0.64) or users on SMP (p = 0.27). Most accounts were classified as “support and awareness communities” (43.6%) and “physicians and clinical researchers” (38.2%). Urology was the most common medical specialty to post (60.9%), followed by oncology (11.3%). Most posts were classified as “prevention and awareness for users” (45.1%). Global inter-reviewer agreement rate was almost perfect (k=0.95; p ≤ 0.01). On Twitter, “physicians and clinical researchers” shared more content on “treatment updates and medical papers published in medical journals,” while on Facebook and Instagram, “support and awareness communities” focused on “personal and support comments.”ConclusionOverall, the number of PC posts was low compared to other neoplasms across the SMP evaluated in this study. “Physicians and clinical researchers” shared more content on Twitter, while “support and awareness communities” on Facebook and Instagram. Encouraging the use of a common SMP among the medical community and general users could lead to a more effective communication between physicians, patients, and support groups, and to increased awareness of PC.

Background: Globally, breast cancer is a widespread malignancy among women, ranking as the second leading cause of female mortality. This study investigates risk factors for breast cancer in AL-Anbar province, Iraq, emphasizing their significance in disease development. Methods: An investigation was carried out at Al-Anbar Cancer Center in Al-Anbar province, Iraq, employing a case-control design. The study comprised 60 confirmed breast cancer cases and 120 controls without breast issues. Data was collected through direct interviews using a semi-structured questionnaire, and subsequent analyses included descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate approaches. Results: About 48.0% aged 41-49, and 25% aged 50-59. Case and control groups were matched in age, but varied in marital, education, occupation, menopausal status. Women with benign breast diseases have a 1.7 times higher breast cancer risk (OR=1.7, CI=0.063-4.53). Positive family history triples the risk (OR=3, CI=1.21-7.80, P=0.002), and the sedentary lifestyle exhibits 5 times higher risk of breast cancer (OR=5.67, CI=2.89-4.13, P < 0.001). Menstrual age, parity, and reproductive factors influence breast cancer risk. Menarche at ≤12 years triples the risk (OR=3.05, CI=1.82-5.05, P

The Community Land Model (CLM) is the land component of the Community Earth System Model (CESM) and is used in several global and regional modeling systems. In this paper, we introduce model developments included in CLM version 5 (CLM5), which is the default land component for CESM2. We assess an ensemble of simulations, including prescribed and prognostic vegetation state, multiple forcing data sets, and CLM4, CLM4.5, and CLM5, against a range of metrics including from the International Land Model Benchmarking (ILAMBv2) package. CLM5 includes new and updated processes and parameterizations: (1) dynamic land units, (2) updated parameterizations and structure for hydrology and snow (spatially explicit soil depth, dry surface layer, revised groundwater scheme, revised canopy interception and canopy snow processes, updated fresh snow density, simple firn model, and Model for Scale Adaptive River Transport), (3) plant hydraulics and hydraulic redistribution, (4) revised nitrogen cycling (flexible leaf stoichiometry, leaf N optimization for photosynthesis, and carbon costs for plant nitrogen uptake), (5) global crop model with six crop types and time-evolving irrigated areas and fertilization rates, (6) updated urban building energy, (7) carbon isotopes, and (8) updated stomatal physiology. New optional features include demographically structured dynamic vegetation model (Functionally Assembled Terrestrial Ecosystem Simulator), ozone damage to plants, and fire trace gas emissions coupling to the atmosphere. Conclusive establishment of improvement or degradation of individual variables or metrics is challenged by forcing uncertainty, parametric uncertainty, and model structural complexity, but the multivariate metrics presented here suggest a general broad improvement from CLM4 to CLM5.

The quick process of digitalization has proven to be a significant component in the structural transformation of the local public space during the last two decades, notably after Romania’s accession to the European Union. This has been the case notably since the advent of social media applications. Significant societal shifts have occurred because of recent developments in Internet access and mobile broadband usage, as well as in the technological architecture of communication networks. These advancements, along with a paradigm change in communication that alters the conventional notion of political and media communication, have also contributed to these societal shifts. The democratization of access to information as well as the means of information production has been accompanied by changes in the function of civic associations as well as the emergence of new kinds of digital activism, opening new opportunities for democratic engagement. Moreover, the elimination of exclusionary effects produced by the digital divide, and the promotion of digital literacy as a method of resolving major concerns linked to the social and political functions of digital communication and as a means of encouraging the development of growth-enhancing elements in the networked information economy are the main sources of challenges that Romania is currently facing. Our study provides a map of the difficulties associated with adjusting to global trends and the impact of social media on Romanian politics and society in general, as identified by the studies that were selected; however, it does not critically consider the empirical approach and results that were obtained by those studies.

This article explores the role of entrepreneurial foreign students in the entangled informal networks of the second economy in Romania during the 1980s by questioning an underexplored part of the distribution chain, namely the provision of commodities missing or in short supply which further fueled the black market. Using a network analysis that traced improbable connections, we identified an unexpected channel in the form of international trade fairs, seen here as potential occasions where informal links are most likely to be first realized. The case study figured the second economy as a transnational place where various actors competed in the generation of hard currency.

This paper presented a brief analysis of the evolution of the foreign trade of the Republic of Moldova with the states of the European Union (EU) and with the states of the Eurasian Economic Union (EUEA) for the period 2015-2020. The period selected for analysis was determined by several reasons. Firstly, the ratification of the Association and Free Trade Agreement of the Republic of Moldova with the EU in 2014, which marked the beginning of a new era of economic relations between both parties and manifested itself in an unprecedented boom in trade, on the other hand, the emergence of a new economic and political entity, the EAEU. With the latter, consisting of 5 former Soviet states, the Republic of Moldova has established economic relations since the USSR and then the CIS. Within this organization, the Republic of Moldova has the status of an observer state, which, to a certain extent, would facilitate trade. Last but not least, the paper is an attempt to give a prompt answer on the place of the Republic of Moldova in the family of European nations and in the regional and international economic architecture. The paper presents a brief history of the beginning and evolution of political and economic cooperation with both unions. The article presents and examines statistical data on the main partner states and the main categories of goods exported and imported by both parties, as well as the states with the highest export and import rank in both unions.

Pregnancy complications associated with thrombophilia represent significant risks for maternal and fetal health, leading to adverse outcomes such as pre-eclampsia, recurrent pregnancy loss, and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR). They are caused by disruptions in key physiological processes, including the coagulation cascade, trophoblast invasion, angiogenesis, and immune control. Recent advancements in epigenetics have revealed that non-coding RNAs, especially microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and extracellular vesicles (EVs) carrying these RNAs, play crucial roles in the regulation of these biological processes. This review aims to identify the epigenetic biomarkers that are the best candidates for evaluating thrombophilia-related pregnancy complications and for assessing the efficacy of anticoagulant and antiaggregant therapies. We emphasize their potential integration into personalized treatment plans, aiming to improve the risk assessment and therapy strategies for thrombophilic pregnancies. Future research should focus on validating these epigenetic biomarkers and establishing standardized protocols to enable their integration into clinical practice, paving the way for a precision medicine approach in obstetric care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Clinical Message Clinicians should consider central venous thrombosis (CVT) as a differential diagnosis in young adolescents with persistent headaches. It is essential to assess for concurrent CVT and dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), particularly in those with a history of CVT. Abstract Cerebral venous thrombosis (CVT) and dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF) are uncommon vascular disorders with diverse clinical presentations. The coexistence of CVT and DAVF is a rare but important association that may impact the management and prognosis of affected patients. Prothrombotic conditions generally ranging from acquired to genetic, oral contraceptives, malignancy, puerperium, infection, and head injury are the common risk factors for cerebral venous thrombosis. Here, we present a case of 18 years males who developed recurrent cerebral thrombosis on the background of the presence of an arteriovenous fistula.

This research aims to study the size of unemployment (number of the unemployed population) in Anbar province and the spatial variation of crude unemployment rates at the level of the administrative units of the province, in addition to studying the variation of unemployment rates according to the environment (urban and rural) and by gender (males and females) at the level of the province's districts, as well as On the study of the distribution of crude unemployment rates for the unemployed population according to age groups. The study of the distribution of the geographical phenomenon in the place is one of the things that the geographer attaches special importance to because of the discrepancies that may appear in the distribution of the size of the unemployed population at the level of the administrative units of Anbar Governorate, which reveals the dimensions of the studied phenomenon within its spatial space

Biodegradable cellulose based on sugarcane bagasse is produced using alkaline treatment followed by bleaching method for dye removal. FTIR, Raman, SEM, EDS, XRD, and N2 adsorption–desorption isotherm analysis were utilized to characterize the surface morphology and functional groups of the sugarcane bagasse (SCB) and treated sugarcane bagasse (TSCB). The TSCB was investigated to remove of Crystal violet (CV) and Methylene blue (MB). Different factors influence the adsorption processes such as contact time, adsorbent dose, dye concentration, temperature, pH, and NaCl dose were studied. The Langmuir model was investigated to study the adsorption equilibrium behavior of CV and MB dyes by TSCB. A maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of 107.5 and 112.9 mgg−1 was calculated for CV and MB-dyes, respectively. Also, the adsorption processes are physiosorption with average energy values of E = 1.151 and 1.101 KJmol-1 for CV and MB-dyes, respectively. The kinetic data of the investigated processes were controlled by the pseudo-second order (PSO) model with qe,cal (mgg−1) values of 59.3 and 58.9 mgg−1 for CV and MB-dyes, respectively. Suggesting that chemical mechanisms may influence the removal of CV and MB dyes. Overall, TSCB was found to be an effective, environmentally friendly, and low-cost material to remove of cationic dyes in this research.