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Cilj ovog istraživanja je utvrditi karakteristike postignutih golova na Svjetskom prvenstvu u nogometu 2022.g. Istražen je sveukupan broj postignutih pogodaka tokom cijelog turnira, akcije koje su prethodile postizanju pogodaka te načini, odnosno dijelovi tijela kojim su postignuti isti. Metode: uzorak čine sve odigrane utakmice grupne (48) i završne (16) faze natjecanja. Praćene varijable bile su akcije koje su prethodile postizanju pogodaka te dijelovi tijela kojima su isti postignuti. Rezultati su pokazali kako su u sveukupno 64 utakmice postignuta 172 pogotka. Prosječni broj postignutih golova tokom cijelog turnira je 2.7 po utakmici. U završnoj fazi turnira ostvaren je veći prosjećan broj golova negoli u grupnoj fazi natjecanja. Najučestalija akcija koja je vodila do postizanja pogodaka je kontranapad te kontinuirani napad, a najčešći način postizanja pogotka je udarcem unutarnjom stranom stopala desne noge.

Cilj ovoga rada je ustanoviti u kojim se pokazateljima situacijske uspješnosti razlikuje ekipa hrvatskog prvaka u grupnim fazama 2 različita europska natjecanja pod organizacijom UEFA-e te samim time utvrditi koji od pokazatelja više ili manje utječu na prolazak skupine europskih natjecanja. Tijekom istraživanja je analizirano ukupno 11 utakmica, od toga 5 utakmica u grupi Europske lige u sezoni 2018/2019 te 6 utakmica u grupnoj fazi Lige prvaka u sezoni 2019/2020. Varijable koje su bile analizirane su: postignuti pogodak, ključno dodavanje, dribling/finta, dodavanjeukupno, dodavanje naprijed, dodavanje unatrag, dodavanje u stranu, točnost dodavanja, asistencija, centaršut, udarac prema golu, izgubljena lopta, posjed lopte, blokirani udarci, obrana vratara i primljeni pogodak. Za utvrđivanje statističke značajnosti razlika korišten je Studentov t-testa za zavisne uzorke. Pregledom podataka i izvršenom analizom rezultati naznačuju kako se parametri situacijske efikasnosti „GNK Dinamo Zagreb“ u dvije sezone statistički značajno razlikuju u varijabli primljeni pogodak (p=0.04). Iz analiziranih podataka moguće je tvrditi kako je hrvatski nogometni prvak „GNK Dinamo Zagreb“ prošao u daljnju fazu Europske lige u sezoni 2018/2019 jer je prikazao značajno kvalitetniju igru u obrambenoj fazi koja se očitovala kroz manje primljenih pogodaka.

The aim of this study was to determine minimal number of matches needed for obtaining a stable performance profiles of technical-tactical elements of players and teams in defined indicators. Based on the 88 matches of the Croatian First Football League in season 2014/2015, the cumulative arithmetic mean was used to determine stable performance profiles. Results showed that evaluation of the level of competitive performance through situational efficiency indicators requires different minimal number of analysed matches: 7 to 8 matches for the lost balls, 9 to 10 matches for ball possession, 12 to 13 matches for shots on goal, crosses, clearances and throw-ins, 13 to 14 matches for clearances after crosses, 14 to 15 matches for corner kicks, 15 to 16 matches for assists, key passes, blocked shots and crosses, 16 to 17 matches for yellow cards and at least 17 to 18 games for red cards and infringements resulting in penalty kick. Based on the results it can be concluded that a relatively large number of matches needs to be analysed for obtaining objective feedback and drawing conclusions on players’ and teams’ performance profiles, as well as different number of matches considering ranking of the team is needed to stabilize certain performance indicators.

Based on all matches played in the group phase of the World Cup in Russia 2018 we determined the importance of ball passing regarding the qualifying outcome to the knockout phase of the competition. Using T-test for independent samples and descriptive statistics, we collected and analyzed data proving that passing, as a key performance indicator, posed significant difference to the qualifying teams as opposed to the non–qualifying teams. Moreover, when analyzing passes by type and length, we can get a clearer picture of which pass type is more crucial to the final outcome. Statistically significant difference between teams was found in variables: total passes (p=0.015), inaccurate long passes (p=0.012), accurate short passes (p=0.012), key passes: both long (p=0.006) and short (p=0.000) and assists divided into through balls (p=0.003), corners (p=0.018) and crosses (p=0.000). There were no statistically significant differences found in variables regarding accurate long passes (p=0.421), inaccurate short passes (p=0.123) and freekick assists (p=0.363). Finally, these results suggest that passing presents an extremely important role in modern international football teams, especially when qualifying to the knockout phase of the World Cup Championship.

Cilj ovog istraživanja bio je utvrditi razlike između pokazatelja situacijske efikasnosti šutiranja muških rukometnih reprezentacija na Europskom prvenstvu 2018. godine u Hrvatskoj. Osnovne hipoteze u radu bile su: H1 – postoji statistički značajna razlika između pobjedničkih i poraženih rukometnih reprezentacija u pojedinim pokazateljima situacijske efikasnosti, H2 – postoji različit doprinos pojedinih pokazatelja situacijske efikasnosti šutiranja između pobjedničkih i poraženih reprezentacija. Uzorak ispitanika u ovom radu činilo je 16 reprezentacija koje su sudjelovale na spomenutom prvenstvu. Uzorak varijabli predstavljale su frekvencije uspješno i neuspješno izvedenih elemenata tehničko- taktičkog djelovanja tijekom rukometne utakmice u fazi napada. Svi navedeni podaci preuzeti su sa službene stranice Europske rukometne reprezentacije www.eurohandball.com (šut sa šest metara uspješno, šut sa šest metara neuspješno, šut sa devet metara uspješno, šut sa devet metara neuspješno, šut iz protunapada uspješno, šut iz protunapada neuspješno, šut sa sedam metara uspješno, šut sa sedam metara neuspješno, šut sa krila uspješno i šut sa krila neuspješno). Razlike između pobjedničkih i poraženih muških rukometnih ekipa u pokazateljima natjecateljske efikasnosti šutiranja analizirane su primjenom Mann-Whitney U-testa razlika. Od ukupno 10 varijabli u istraživanju, u dvije je dobivena statistički značajna razlika između pobjedničkih i poraženih: šut sa devet metara neuspješno i šut sa šest metara uspješno (na razini značajnosti razlika od 99%, odnosno uz pogrešku zaključivanja na razini p=0, 01). Razlike u pokazateljima natjecateljske efikasnosti šutiranja analiziranih ekipa pokazuju da pobjedničke ekipe dominiraju u varijablama koje pripadaju taktici igre u fazi napada i to u vidu što manje neuspješnih završnica napada uz strogu selekciju i manje neuspješnih šutiranja s vanjskih pozicija. Također, u taktičkom smislu znači da kvalitetnije ekipe u fazi napada provode visoko organiziranu igru s najjednostavnijim rješenjima i odlukama koje najčešće rezultiraju realizacijom napada uspješnim šutiranjem sa šest metara uz kvalitetne asistencije koje im prethode.

Na temelju 88 utakmica prve Hrvatske nogometne lige sezona 2014/2015 utvrđivana je važnost posjeda lopte s obzirom na konačan ishod utakmice i natjecanja. Primjenom t-testa i Pearsonovog koeficijenta korelacije dobiveni su podaci da posjed lopte kao situacijski pokazatelj efikasnosti statistički značajno razlikuje pobjedničke od poraženih ekipa (p=0, 00) te da je pozitivno povezan s kranjim plasmanom u ligaškom sustavu natjecanja (r=0, 82). Dobiveni rezultati ukazuju na važnost kontrole prostorno – vremenskih odnosa u igri, odnosno optimalno provođenje tehničko – taktičkih elemenata tijekom utakmice od strane igrača.

PURPOSE: The aim of the research was to determine and analyse differences among the Croatian female pivots of a younger-cadet, cadet and junior age (U14, U16, U18) in several basic and handball-specific physical fitness indicators. METHODS: The sample of 23 participants, female circle runners or pivots was drawn out of the population of members of the Croatian handball clubs recognized as promising players within their respective age group. Eighteen tests, defining four latent dimensions: agility, power, dynamic strength and flexibility, were chosen to assess basic and handball-specific motor abilities of the young pivots. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to establish global and individual differences among the age groups. RESULTS: The significant global age differences were established in three variables: at the level of p

Analizom parametra blokirani udarci i centaršutevi moguće je utvrditi relevantnost navedenog pokazatelja situacijske efikasnosti za konačni ishod utakmice i plasman u ligaškom sustavu natjecanja. Na temelju dobivenih rezultata za varijablu blokirani udarci i centaršutevi moguće je konstatirati da statistički značajno razlikuje pobjedničke od poraženih ekipa, da je značajno negativno povezana s konačnim plasmanom u ligaškom sustavu natjecanja te da ekipe kojih braniči češće blokiraju protivničke udarce prema vratima i centaršuteve pokazuju niži stupanj tehničko-taktičkog znanja na terenu u pojedinim podfazama igre u obrani.

Istraživanje je provedeno radi utvrđivanja povezanost između pokazatelja situacijske efikasnosti i konačnog rezultata utakmica ženskih rukometnih ekipa u skupini A olimpijskog turnira u Riju 2016. godine. Povezanost između pokazatelja situacijske efikasnosti u igri utvrđena je regresijskom analizom. Od ukupno 17 primijenjenih varijabli (14 varijabli napada i 3 varijable obrane) u 5 varijabli prediktorskog skupa dobivena je statistički značajna povezanost s kriterijskom varijablom konačnog rezultata na utakmicama skupine A olimpijskog turnira 2016. godine u Riju. Zaključno se može konstatirati da, imajući u vidu sve aspekte natjecateljske izvedbe uspješnih momčadi, ekipe koje pobjeđuju ostvaruju veći broj protunapada, manji broj neuspješnih realizacija s vanjskih pozicija, veći broj blokiranih lopti i, što je posebno važno, veći broj asistencija i uspješnih realizacija sa 7m.

Cilj rada je bito utvrditi relevantnost izbijenih lopti nakon centaršuta kao parameta situacijske efikasnosti u nogometu u odnosu na konačni ishod utakmice i plasman u ligaškom sustavu natjecanja. Na temelju rezultata koeficijenta korelacije (r=-0, 70) i razlika između aritmetičkih sredina pobjedničkih i poraženih ekipa koja nije statistički značajna (p=0, 55) uočena je relativno visoka negativna povezanost varijable izbijene lopte nakon centaršuta s konačnim plasmanom na tablici u ligaškom sustavu natjecanja dok nema statistički značajne razlike između pobjedničkih i poraženih ekipa u analiziranom parametru. Analiziranjem promatranog parametra vidljivo je da ekipe slabije kvalitete i nižeg plasmana imaju značajno veći broj izbijenih lopti nakon centaršuta.

Based on 88 matches of 2014/2015 First Croatian football league we established the importance of yellow cards considering the final outcome of the match and the competition. Using Mann- Whitney test and Pearson correlation coefficient we concluded that yellow cards as situational efficacy indicators do not pose a statistically significant difference between the winning and the defeated team (p=0, 93), nor is there a relation to final placement in league system of competition (r=-0, 25). These results show that warning the players, especially in the case of yellow card which does not exclude them from the game, has no influence on the game outcome, but there is a need to control the mentioned segment of the game.

Osnovni cilj istraživanja je utvrditi postoji li razlika između individualnih i grupnih taktičkih sredstava nogometne igre u fazi napada.Uzorak entiteta čine 93 taktička sredstva nogometne igre u fazi napada. Uzorak u ovom istraživanju izveden je od 15 varijabli u fazi napada Razlike između individualnih i grupnih taktičkih sredstava u ukupnom značaju i po varijablama testirane su Mann – Whitney U testom. Analizom aritmetričkih sredina ocjena između individualnih i grupnih napadačkih taktičkih sredstava utvrđeno je da se od ukupno 19 varijabli statistički značajno razlikuju u 16 varijabli osim u varijablama: krilnih veznih napadača (PKVN), progresirajućem napadu – kontinuiranom napadu (PNKON) i progresirajućem napadu – kontranapadu (PNKTR).

Strength training can improve neuromuscular function in athletes. Most of previous researches have shown that heavy resistance training (55 – 80% of 1RM) influence morphological characteristics of adolescents. The goal of this study was to examine if 12 weeks of heavy resistance training (80 – 95% of 1RM) affects morphological characteristics of adolescents, in particular, voluminosity, body mass and subcutaneous fat tissue. Fifteen males participated in this study. Anthropometrics (body height, body weight, chest circumference, abdominal circumference, relaxed upper arm circumference, flexed upper arm circumference, upper leg circumference, abdominal skin fold thickness, m.tricepsbrachii skin fold thickness) and body composition(fat mass, fat free mass, muscle mass, intracellular and extracellular water) were measured before and after training program. Results has shown that there was significant differences (p

Based on 88 matches in 2014/2015 first Croatian football league we established the importance of key passes as a situational efficacy indicator of final outcome of the match and the league competition system. Applying Mann-Whitney test showed that key passes bring a statistically significant difference for the defeated team (p=0, 02). On the other hand, observing the correlation coefficient (0, 33) we can see a very low positive correlation of key passes and final placement in league system of competition. Teams which create more situations for goal scoring in a longer time period probably have a higher degree of technical and tactical quality, but a key pass indicator does not mean much if the efficiency of this type of cooperation is not high as well – meaning if the key pass does not turn into assisting. According to this, we need to keep track of key passes as situational efficacy indicators in order to eventually see the differences between winner team and defeated team and connect it to final placement.

Based on 88 matches in 2014/2015 first Croatian football league we established the importance of assisting as a situational efficacy indicator of final outcome of the match and the league competition system. Applying Mann-Whitney test showed that assisting brings a statistically significant difference for the defeated team (p=0, 00). Also, observing the correlation (0, 84) we can see a high positive relation of assisting to end result in league system of competition. Teams that have a greater number of assisting through a longer time period exhibit a higher degree of technical and tactical quality both in a match and in that time period.

The goal of this research is to establish differences in situational efficacy indicators between teams who passed the group phase of U-17 World football championship in Chile and those who did not. Situational efficacy indicators used in analysis were downloaded from FIFA's official website. Analyzed were the differences in 12 variables between teams who passed the group phase of championship and those who did not. T-test and Mann-Whitney test results showed that teams who passes and those who did not had a significant difference in these variables: ball possession (p=0.016), goals given (p=0.016) and goals received (p=0.001). Also, based on the results we established that these variables did not differ between teams who passed and those who did not: goal kicks (p=0.544), kicks within frame (p=0.241), kicks outside of frame (p=0.442), corner kicks (p=0.749), free kicks (p=0.676), offside (p=0.053), fouls (p=0.789), yellow card (p=0.101) and red card (p>0.5).

Based on 88 matches in the 2014/2015 season of the first Croatian football league, a difference was determined to exist between the match place (hosts and guests) and ball possession. The results of t-test determined that the match place does not influence ball possession (p=0, 38). This data shows that technical and tactical quality does not depend on the place that the match was played ; more specifically, the teams do not adjust according to the place of match, because changes in the play need to be practiced over a longer time period.

Basic goal of this paper was to establish differences between teams depending on their final rankings in a group phase of competition. 32 teams were analyzed throughout 96 total games in group phase of 2014/2015 Football Championship League. Variables compared were ball passes ; ball passes considering field zone, distance, and direction ; goal strikes ; dribbling ; center shots ; corners ; taking the ball ; aerial duels ; and fouls. T-testing independent samples showed that teams who were better positioned in the end of group phase had greater values in number of passes, number of passes in the last third of the field, and the number of successful passes in the last third of the field

The goal of this work is to research the influence of preventive training program on football players (n=19 ; 22.61 +/- 4, 3 age) of NK Belišće from third national croatian league. Measures were conducter in two time stamps : initial measuring at the begining of preparation period and the second 5 weeks after. Other than descriptine parameters (age, height, weight) for etablishing motorical and functional status of players wich should influence on lower rate and intensity of injuries.Folowing tesr are chosen: 30 meters sprtint ; 60 seeconds abb crounch test ; push ups for maximal repetition ; 4 types of „plunk“ isometric endurance test, frontal, back, lateral (left), lateral (right) ; lateral movement agility test ; specific test with ball for coordination ; beep test for aerobic endurance. T-test for dependent samples showed diferences between the initial and final mesures. Given results show that grup improwed resuilts in three test resoult: 30 meeters sprint, push up maximal repetition and back plunk isometric endirance test

The aim of this investigation was to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference during small-sided games with different field size and demands of the game. Ten soccer players (17.8 ± 0.6 years) voluntarily participated in this study. Players completed four different conditioned small- sided 5 vs. 5 games: 28x28m free play (28FP), 28x28m 2 ball touches (28T2), 39x39m free play (39FP) and 39x39m 2 ball touches (39T2). Each small-sided game lasted for 5 minutes, with a 10-min passive rest period between them. Total number of passes (TNP), number of correct passes (NCP), number of incorrect passes (NIP), ball possession (BP), average number of ball touches (ANT), lost balls (LB), number of duels (ND), rating of perceived exertion (RPE) and total distance covered (TDC) were analyzed. The ANOVA analysis and Bonferroni post hoc test were used to determine whether there is a statistically significant difference between small-sided games. Level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Significantly greater values were in the game 28T2 in variables TNP, NCP and BD, then in the 38FP. For variable ANT there were significantly lower values in games 28T2 and 39T2, compared with 28FP and 39FP. For variable ND there was significantly higher value in 28FP, compared with game 39T2, while the variable RPE resulted in statistically significantly higher value in game 39T2. The TDC variable obtained significantly higher values in the small- sided games with larger size and demand of 2 ball touches. The results of the present study indicated that there are significant differences between small-sided games with different field size and demands in some situational parameters in football

Nogometna igra je kompleksna agonistička kineziološka aktivnost koja pripada grupi polistrukturalnih acikličkih gibanja, a obilježava je visok varijabilitet motoričkih radnji kojima se igra realizira i kojima igrači postižu osnovne ciljeve igre: postizanje pogotka i pobjedu (Barišić, 2007). Tim se istim motoričkim radnjama razvijaju karakteristike igrača, a igra se kvalitetno unapređuje. Nogomet nosi obilježja dinamične igre kontaktnog tipa u kojoj se dvije momčadi suprotstavljaju jedna drugoj s intencijom osvajanja glavnog kanala komunikacijske mreže, kojim se realizira protok lopte i pogodak kao finalni smisao igre (Barišić, 2007). U nogometnoj igri postoji niz složenih i nepredvidivih situacija, pa je nemoguće apsolutno predvidjeti razvoj događaja. S jedne strane tijekom igre prisutna je konstrukcija i suradnja u organizaciji i realizaciji napada, dok druga strana (protivnik) pokušava destruirati protivničke akcije u napadu (igra u obrani) i pokušava oduzeti loptu, čime čuva svoja vrata od primanja pogotka. Aktivnost u nogometnoj igri ima i svoje specifičnosti s obzirom na intenzitet i trajanje rada. Potrebna je vrlo visoka razvijenost tjelesnih sposobnosti ; optimalna tjelesna građa, razvijenost aerobnog i anaerobnog sustava, visok stupanj mišićne jakosti, visoko razvijena brzina

Nogomet je jedan od najpopularnijih sportova na svijetu, te se igra na različitim razinama kvalitete. Karakteriziraju ga jednostavna i složena gibanja. Prema fiziološkoj klasifikaciji je aerobno-anaerobni sport gdje dominiraju miješani energetski procesi (Dujmović, 2000). Krustrup i sur. (2006) opisuju nogomet kao sport intervalne i acikličke prirode, gdje je prisutan veliki broj kretnji kao što su hodanje, trčanje, skokovi, ubrzanja, sprintovi, okreti i dr. Najveći dio tih kretnji otpada na hodanja i trčanja različitim tempom u različitim smjerovima, te se stoga kao pokazatelj fizičkih zahtjeva nogometne igre uzima ukupna prijeđena udaljenost tijekom utakmice, koja kod vrhunskih nogometaša iznosi između 10 i 13 kilometara (Marković i Bradić, 2008). Nogometaš se ne kreće ciklički konstantnom brzinom, već neprestano mijenja smjer i brzinu kretanja, tj. kreće se acikličkim oblikom kretanja, i to u skladu s taktičkom ulogom u igri i trenutačnom situacijom na terenu. Jedna od najvažnijih kondicijskih sposobnosti relevantna za uspjeh u nogometu je specifična izdržljivost. Željaskov (2003) govori kako je specifična izdržljivost sposobnost izvedbe zadataka različitih intenziteta u produženom trajanju u skladu sa strukturalnim, biomehaničkim i kinetičkim karakteristikama sportske aktivnosti. Isti autor govori kako je jedna od temeljnih pričuva za povišenje razine specifične izdržljivosti sportaševo ekonomično korištenje energetskih potencijala, tj. povećanje koeficijenta učinkovitosti mišićnog rada u specifičnim uvjetima motoričke aktivnosti. Za nogomet nije toliko važno razvijati ciklički oblik specifične izdržljivosti, već aciklički jer se nogometaš neprestano kreće različitom brzinom u različitim smjerovima. Korištenjem dijagnostičkih postupaka moguće je dobiti uvid u stanje treniranosti izdržljivosti nogometaša, odnosno u razinu njegove radne sposobnosti. Dijagnostika izdržljivosti ili energetskih kapaciteta provodi se kao inicijalno, tranzitivno i finalnomjerenje tijekom trenažnog procesa s ciljem da se utvrdi učinkovitost aerobnih i anaerobnih funkcionalnih mehanizama ili kontroliraju učinci koji se programiranim treningom postižu (Vučetić, 2009). Dijagnostikom treniranosti nogometaša dobivamo detaljan uvid u trenutačno stanje treniranosti nogometaša, što omogućava kontrolu trenažnog procesa i stanja sportske forme (Mikulić, 2003). Dujmović (2000) govori kako dijagnosticiranje stanja nogometaša ima dva osnovna cilja, a to su uspješna selekcija, tj. odabir nogometaša, te praćenje efekata nogometnog trenažnog procesa. Komes (2009) govori kako se u praksi često događa da igrači s boljim vrijednostima funkcionalnog sustava, dijagnosticiranoga u laboratoriju, nisu uspješniji na terenu, te kako razlog leži u slabijoj razvijenosti ostalih sustava funkcionalnog statusa koji na razini prakse imaju veliku ulogu. Postoje različiti laboratorijski testovi za mjerenje izdržljivosti nogometaša, ali u praksi se često koriste terenski testovi kao jednostavniji i prihvatljiviji način procjene specifične izdržljivosti nogometaša

Soccer players in most world leagues have very condensed schedule and these games are played at high intensity. Dupont with his coworkers (2010) showed that recovery time between two soccer matches appears to be sufficient for maintaining the level of physical performance but is not long enough to secure a low injury rate. The injuries in soccer appear to be more frequent and even more dangerous. The aim of this study was to identify the specific soccer circumstances and immediate technical and tactical causes of injuries in training process and competition of elite Croatian soccer players. Methods The study was conducted on the sample of 175 players from seven soccer clubs of the First Croatian Soccer Division at the beginning of the season 2010/2011 Croatian Championship. Soccer players were tested just before the start of regular practice through the written questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of general questions about number of training sessions per week and their duration, number of games played in last two seasons and number and character of the injuries in the same period. Results and discussion The results show that 40% off all injuries occur during autumn competitive period. Significantly more injuries were sustained due to exposure to training load (60%). The highest percentage of injuries was recorded in the phase of defence set (26%). According to the ball possession, the highest injury risk was recorded during immediate contact with the ball or fight for her possession. In 70% of all injuries, recorded injuring mechanism was the physical contact with an opponent. The most vulnerable parts of the body were ankles and knees, and the ligaments and muscles were the most affected tissues. As prevention, implementation of training process should take place under conditions of controlled load in order to reduce the number of training caused injuries. The number of injuries caused by direct physical duel with an opponent is significantly higher than in Western European leagues, and indicates the need to raise the player body’s hardiness and tactical maturity of team trainers

Futsal kao sport koji na visokim natjecateljskim razinama ima vrlo intenzivan tempo igre zahtijeva od sportaša pripremljenost da podnosi ovakve napore. Kineziološkom analizom utvrđuju se karakteristike same igre, i osnovom toga dobiva se temelj kako dalje usmjereno trenirat prema tome da se unaprijede i poboljšaju energetske i tehničko-taktičke osobine igrača. Situacijske vježbe najbolja su osnova sličnosti sa samom igrom te je vrlo poželjno primjenjivati u što većem volumenu ovakav tip treniranja koji objedinjuje igračevu kondiciju, tehničko taktičke elemente treniranosti te podiže kognitivno funkcioniranje na višu razinu. Brzina kao pojam u svim svojim oblicima (brzina pokreta, brzina razmišljanja, brzina regeneracije i oporavka nakon intenzivne aktivnosti...) temeljni je preduvjet za razvoj kvalitetnog futsal igrača.

Soccer players in most world leagues have very condensed schedule and these games are played at high intensity. Dupont with his coworkers (2010) showed that recovery time between two soccer matches appears to be sufficient for maintaining the level of physical performance but is not long enough to secure a low injury rate. The injuries in soccer appear to be more frequent and even more dangerous. The aim of this study was to identify the specific soccer circumstances and immediate technical and tactical causes of injuries in training process and competition of elite Croatian soccer players. Methods The study was conducted on the sample of 175 players from seven soccer clubs of the First Croatian Soccer Division at the beginning of the season 2010/2011 Croatian Championship. Soccer players were tested just before the start of regular practice through the written questionnaire. The questionnaire consisted of general questions about number of training sessions per week and their duration, number of games played in last two seasons and number and character of the injuries in the same period. Results and discussion The results show that 40% off all injuries occur during autumn competitive period. Significantly more injuries were sustained due to exposure to training load (60%). The highest percentage of injuries was recorded in the phase of defence set (26%). According to the ball possession, the highest injury risk was recorded during immediate contact with the ball or fight for her possession. In 70% of all injuries, recorded injuring mechanism was the physical contact with an opponent. The most vulnerable parts of the body were ankles and knees, and the ligaments and muscles were the most affected tissues. As prevention, implementation of training process should take place under conditions of controlled load in order to reduce the number of training caused injuries. The number of injuries caused by direct physical duel with an opponent is significantly higher than in Western European leagues, and indicates the need to raise the player body’s hardiness and tactical maturity of team trainers.

Soccer game requires players ownership of technical quality, tactical knowledge, development of physical and mental abilities, etc. To be able to do great work throughout the match considering the position in the game, the tactical role, the players need a great deal of energy. The largest part of that energy derives from the aerobic system. Coaches are constantly looking for specific tests to assess aerobic endurance, which well simulate the demands of the game. Equally, they are tending that in training aimed at developing specific aerobic endur-ance include movement patterns that are present in the game. In order to better simulate the demands, but also motivate the players, trainers in the training and testing of specific aerobic endurance include specially designed dribbling tracks. One of the most commonly used tracks is the Hoff track or Hoff test.

Cilj istraživanja bio je identificirati specifične okolnosti te neposredne tehničko- taktičke uzročnike ozljeda u procesu sportskog treninga i elitnog natjecanja hrvatskog nogometa. Istraživanje je provedeno na uzorku od 175 nogometaša iz 7 klubova Prve hrvatske nogometne lige početkom sezone 2010/2011 Prvenstva Hrvatske. Nogometaši su ispitivani neposredno prije početka redovitih treninga putem pisanih anketnih upitnika. Rezultati ukazuju da se 40% svih ozljeda pojavljuje tijekom jesenskog natjecateljskog perioda. Pojava ozljede u dominantnom se postotku od 60% se veže uz trenažno opterećenje. Najviši postotak ozljeđivanja igrača tijekom ekipnog djelovanja zabilježen je u fazi postavljene obrane (26%). Sa stajališta posjeda lopte, igrači su u najvećem riziku od ozljeđivanja za vrijeme neposrednog kontakta s loptom ili direktne borbe za nju. U 70% slučajeva ozljeda je nastala uslijed različitih tipova tjelesnog sraza sa protivnikom. U okviru preventivnih mjera, provedba trenažnog procesa trebala bi se odvijati u uvjetima kontroliranog opterećenja s ciljem smanjenja udjela treningom prouzročenih ozljeda. Broj ozljeda nastalih direktnim tjelesnim srazom s protivnikom značajno je viši u odnosu na zapadnoeuropske lige te ukazuje na potrebu podizanja razine tjelesne otpornosti nogometaša i taktičkog sazrijevanja stručnih timova.

The Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb is organising the International Conference on Kinesiology for the sixth time. Everything began more than 15 years ago when the initiators – Prof. Milanović, still bursting with new ideas, and the late Prof. Mraković, started to advocate the idea of an international conference as a forum for kinesiologists or sport scientists, as a place where their research findings could be presented and discussed, as a meeting point of globally recognized scientists, or authorities in their field of research and research novices. In those days, in 1997, before the First Conference in Dubrovnik, it all seemed so surreal. However, this conference is alive; it grows and becomes ever more sophisticated. Therefore, it is feasible to expect that the forthcoming discussions, talks, dialogues, or whatever kind of idea exchange will result, as they have until now, with new research ideas, insights, research teams and projects the eventual outcome of which is further advances in kinesiology and the cognate and adjacent scientific areas. The motto of this year’s conference is the “Integrative Power of Kinesiology“. It indicates the close relationships among various scientific fields when they contribute to the promotion of physical exercise and various kinds of physical activities in the areas of kinesiological education, high performance sports, kinesiological recreation, health-enhanced kinesiology, kinesitherapy and rehabilitation, sport for physically and mentally challenged persons, school sports, military kinesiology, and many others. Simultaneously with the organisation of the 6th Conference, the Faculty of Kinesiology is celebrating the 40th anniversary of the publication of the scientific journal KINESIOLOGY. Nowadays it is a recognized international scientific journal with an IF of 0.525 for the year 2010. The Conference and the journal KINESIOLOGY have contributed considerably to the affirmation of the name “kinesiology” in the neighbouring European areas. Although both are focused on science, the Conference and the accompanying regular KINESIOLOGY International Editorial Board meetings have also been opportunities for scholars and institution delegates from all over the world to establish close personal contacts, thus opening doors for joint research projects. The basic scientific concept of the Conference, with the working sections that cover the fundamental and applicative disciplines of kinesiology, has been kept from the beginning. This year’s conference will have 12 oral and poster sections in the framework of which the delegates will present 220 full text contributions and abstracts written by 300 authors from 32 countries. Each presented and published paper or abstract has been subjected to a review process performed by at least two prominent referees. For the first time the Conference is hosting a satellite symposium HEPA (Health Enhanced Physical Activity). The purpose of the symposium is to inform delegates from the neighbouring countries, which have not yet become HEPA association member countries, with the basic principles and directives of the movement and to encourage them to become promoters of the idea of health-oriented physical activity in their communities. The World Health Organization has stimulated the design of the Croatian National Action Plan for the implementation and improvement of HEPA in the Republic of Croatia. A presentation of the Action Plan and the planned round table should also be stimulating to colleagues to undertake similar steps in their communities. From the very beginning the Croatian Academy of Sciences and Fine Arts has given its highly respected patronage to the Conference, thus underpinning the recognition of kinesiology in the structure of sciences. The organisation of such conferences would not be viable without the powerful support from the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport and the University of Zagreb. The patronage and support are indicators of a notable position the Conference and its organiser, the Faculty of Kinesiology University of Zagreb (established in 1959), have in the Croatian academic and research community. We wish to express much gratitude to all the authors of the papers, reviewers, conference participants, members of the Organisation Committee, Section Leaders, Section Secretaries, technical support staff, and sponsors for their contributions, time and effort inbuilt in the quality of the 6th Conference on Kinesiology and its Proceedings. Our special gratitude goes to the Croatian Office of the World Health Organization. We wish success in the conference work to all the participants and enjoyable time in Opatija. We are convinced the Conference will give the expected impetus to further cooperation between scholars and institutions. Looking forward in advance to meeting you again at the 7th International Conference on Kinesiology in 2014.

An important factor in the system of physical conditioning represent training aids. The task of these tools is most effectively improve athletes’ abilities . One of the novelties in soccer training is Corpus ball. Corpus is a non-circular training device that provides a groundbreaking method of soccer training to increase reaction, coordination and concentration. This practice routine is by far more difficult because Corpus continuously generates new and suprising situations in training. Corpus can be used in limitless possible training exercises whichare usually performed with the standard round ball. The hardly predictable role and bounce of the Corpus forces player to execute alternative motions to those he would have predicted in advance, placing high demands on the athlete’s coordination, concentration and reaction. Corpus adds variety and enjoyment to everyday training routines. This paper describes the application of Corpus ball for development of reaction, coordination and concentration.

Rekreacijske aktivnosti i sadržaji predstavljaju važan segment življenja. U vrijeme ubrzanog i stresnog načina života, pojave velikoga broja osoba s prekomjernom tjelesnom težinom, kao i sa lošim prehrambenim navikama, sve više dobivaju na važnosti. Čovjek počinje više vremena i pažnje posvećivati samome sebi, imajući na umu misao o važnosti tjelesnog i mentalnoga zdravlja. Rekreaciju možemo općenito definirati kao skup sadržaja i aktivnosti kojima se čovjek bavi u slobodnom vremenu radi zadovoljavanja različitih osobnih interesa i potreba, dok sportska rekreacija predstavlja dio širokoga područja rekreacije, pri čemu se tjelesnim aktiviranjem zadovoljavaju opće ljudske potrebe (Andrijašević, 2010). Relac (1975), smatra da je sportska rekreacija u suvremenom društvu kulturan način korištenja slobodnim vremenom sportskim i tjelesnim aktiviranjem, svjesno djelujući na očuvanje i unapređivanje zdravlja. Možemo reći da se ni jednim drugim sadržajima rekreacije ne može utjecati na očuvanje i unapređenje zdravlja osim sportskim sadržajima. Sportskom rekreacijom se postižu brojni ciljevi koji čovjekov život čine kvalitetnijim i smislenijim. Odabir određene aktivnosti ovisi o zdravstvenim, socijalnim i ekonomskim prilikama. Tijekom života, čovjek mijenja i izabire različite sportske aktivnosti te ih prilagođava svojim interesima i željama. U tome kontekstu nogomet kao jedna od najrasprostranjenijih igara na svijetu privlači veliki broj ljudi obaju spolova te različitih dobnih skupina. Kada govorimo o nogometu kao rekreacijskom sadržaju ne mislimo samo na oblik igre jedanaest protiv jedanaest, već na veliki broj njegovih pojavnih oblika i modifikacija, te kao takav predstavlja važan i često korišten segment sportske rekreacije.

The aim of this study was to determine the differences between groups of tactical elements in the phases of attack and defense in soccer. It was defined 117 tactical elements of soccer game whose importance was estimated with 30 variables that indicate the basic segments of the football game. The sample of entities in this study is represented by 93 offensive and 24 defensive tactical elements that are described with 15 variables for the phase of attack and 15 variables for the phase of defense. For the determination of entities through a total of 30 variables, it was used an expert knowledge of ten competent soccer experts. Relying on their own experience and using the assessment system with grades ranging from 0 to 5 the experts graded the impact of tactical techniques on the properties (attributes) of soccer, attack and defense. In the phase of the attack there were identified three homogeneous groups of tactical elements, and several subgroups at a lower level and in the phase of defense, four groups were identified. The first discriminant function had a higher discriminative power in relation to the second discriminant function. The results have shown statistically significant difference between groups of entities (tactical elements of attack) at the level of significance p

Osnovni problem ovog rada svodi se na analizu strukture važnosti taktičkih sredstava i definiranju načina za korištenje dobivenih rezultata u planiranju, programiranju i organizaciji treninga nogometaša. Na temelju definiranog problema određen je opći cilj istraživanja – utvrđivanje strukture i važnosti taktičkih sredstava u nogometnoj igri (njihovo razvrstavanje u homogene skupine te utvrđivanje razlika među dobivenim skupinama na temelju ocjena eksperata). Budući da su taktička sredstva napada i taktička sredstva obrane u pogledu važnosti opisana potpuno nezavisnim varijablama, navedeni će ciljevi biti realizirani zasebno za fazu napada i za fazu obrane. Za rješavanje postavljenog cilja izrađen je mjerni instrument (upitnik) za utvrđivanje važnosti taktičkih sredstava u nogometnoj igri. Uzorak entiteta u ovom istraživanju predstavljaju 93 napadačka i 24 obrambena taktička sredstva koja su opisana s 15 varijabli faze napada i 15 varijabli faze obrane. Za određivanje karakteristika entiteta kroz ukupno 30 varijabli, korišteno je ekspertno znanje desetorice kompetentnih nogometnih stručnjaka. Eksperti su ocjenama 0– 5 na temelju vlastitih spoznaja procijenili utjecaj svakog entiteta (taktičkog sredstva) na pojedine varijable koje opisuju nogometnu igru u fazi napada i fazi obrane. Za realizaciju postavljenog općeg, te parcijelnih ciljeva primijenjene su metode za analizu podataka: analiza objektivnosti, faktorska analiza, klaster analiza, diskriminacijska analiza i Kruskal– Wallisova metoda za testiranje razlika među skupinama entiteta. Utvrđena je visoka objektivnost za svaku varijablu pomoću Cronbachovog koeficijenta (Cronbach's alpha). Utvrđena je hijerarhija taktičkih sredstava prema ocjenama važnosti u svim segmentima igre zajedno (škola nogometa), potvrdila je pretpostavku o višoj vrijednosti općih, odnosno nižoj vrijednosti specifičnih tehničko-taktičkih znanja u treningu nogometaša početnika. U hijerarhiji napadačkih i obrambenih tehničko– taktičkih znanja u treningu formiranih nogometaša utvrđeno je da najviši položaj prema ocjenama važnosti u svakom pojedinom segmentu igre imaju specifična taktička sredstva, a najniži položaj sredstva karakteristična za one segmente koji su prema prostornoj i vremenskoj komponenti igre relativno udaljeniji od analiziranog segmenta. Faktorskom analizom pod komponentnim modelom, uz GK kriterij, dobiveno je ukupno pet značajnih latentnih dimenzija: faktor efikasnosti završnice napada, faktor uspješnosti posjeda lopte, faktor efikasnosti kontranapada, faktor uspješnosti kombinirane obrane, faktor ometanja i &raquo ; usmjeravanja&laquo ; pripreme protivničkog napada. Prema jednom od parcijalnih ciljeva rada, utvrđena je hijerarhijska struktura napadačkih i obrambenih taktičkih sredstava prema važnosti na latentnoj razini (na svakom od značajnih faktora). Za utvrđivanje karakterističnih taksona (napadačkih i obrambenih taktičkih sredstava) prema srodnosti u odnosu na atribute nogometne igre sa stajališta napada i obrane upotrijebljena je klaster analiza po Wardovoj metodi. Prvo su dobivene tri relativno homogene skupine napadačkih taktičkih sredstava u manifestnom prostoru, a kod obrambenih taktičkih sredstava identificirane su četiri homogene skupine s pripadajućim obilježjima. Diskriminacijskom analizom u prostoru osnovnih atributa igre u fazi napada na uzorku triju dobivenih skupina entiteta, ustanovljeno je postojanje dviju diskriminacijskih funkcija koje statistički značajno razlikuju skupine dobivene klaster analizom. U svrhu testiranja razlika između grupa obrambenih taktičkih sredstava upotrijebljena je Kruskal– Wallisova metoda. Dokazano je da se i grupe taktičkih sredstava obrane statistički značajno razlikuju prema svim varijablama pojedinačno, kao i prema zbirnim varijablama. Rezultati provedenih analiza omogućili su oblikovanje većeg broja zaključaka koji mogu biti važni u znanstvenom utemeljenju nogometne igre, a u praktičnom pogledu mogu poslužiti nogometnim stručnjacima u odabiru najefikasnijih sadržaja taktičke pripreme (kreiranje trenažnih operatora kojima će se ciljano utjecati na formiranje najznačajnijih motoričkih znanja u nogometu).

The research regarding the influence of morphological characteristics on soccer performance is particularly complex because the success in soccer in part depends upon the individual characteristics and team position of every player. It is necessary to have knowledge of these characteristics in order to establish their importance as key factors of success in competitive sports such as soccer. This is one reason why the authors decided to determine the morphological differences of elite Croatian female soccer players according to their respective team positions, a logical extension of an earlier article focusing on male soccer players. The sample consisted of soccer players who were current members of first league clubs in Croatia (n=24) and who were tested at the end of the 2005/06 competition season (prior to the European championship). According to the instructions issued by the International Biological Program, the following anthropometrical variables were measured: body height, body mass, leg length, arm length, biacromial and bicristal diameters, knee and elbow diameters, upper arm girth, forearm girth, thigh girth and calf girth. The body fat percentage and relative body fat mass in female soccer players were determined using the Sloan and Siri equations. The differences in team position (goalkeepers, defenders, forwards and midfielders) were analyzed using a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The statistical significance was set at p

High tempo of football game form the players request maximum developed persistence ability. In order to develop their aerobic capacity maximally, players should duly be involved in training process. For the purpose of achieving given goal, that is, to maximally develop player’s aerobic capacity, training process should be carried out continuously and progressively. Accordingly, players are going through age categories gradually raising their endurance level.

Nogomet u Hrvatskoj po mnogim je kriterijima vodeći sport. Sprega između turizma i nogometa postoji, ona je pozitivna, ali još uvijek nedovoljna. U ovom su radu samo napomenute neke najvažnije mogućnosti razvoja, a institucije nogometnog sporta (predstavnici klubova i saveza) i turističke institucije (predstavnici hotela, turističkog saveza, javnog prijevoza i dr.) trebali bi razraditi strategiju suradnje nogometnog sporta i turizma, a zatim i operativno-marketinški plan i njegovu realizaciju.

Hotellingovom metodom kanoničke korelacijske analize utvrđena je povezanost situacijsko-motoričkih varijabli, preciznosti pogađanja cilja, baratanja loptom, brzine vođenja lopte, snage udarca po lopti i brzina krivocrtnog trčanja s kriterijem uspjeha u nogometu, definiranim kao varijable tehnika napada i obrane, stvaralaštva, angažiranosti i odgovornosti. Dobivena su dva para kanoničkih faktora. Pri faktor definiraju tehnike: napad, obrana i stvaralaštvo, snaga udaraca nogom, elevacijska preciznost i brzina vođenja nogom pod pravim kutem. Drugi faktor je bipolaran. Na pozitivnom polu definiraju se odgovornost i ponašanje, a negativnom stvaralaštvo. Ovaj faktor definiran je pravolinijskim odbijanjem po podlozi, slalom loptom, slalom bez lopte i snaga udarca loptom u skoku. Za potrebe selekcije, praćenja i kontrole treniranosti preporučuju se sljedeći testovi: snaga udarca s nogom iz mjesta (SNESMO), brzina vođenja na 20 m (SNBV20), horizontalno odbijanje od podloge (SNKUPO), elevacijska preciznost na 25 m (SNRE25) i brzina vođenja pod pravim kutem (SNBUPP)., By means of Hotelling method of canonical correlation analysis we have established the correlation of situation-related motor variables, accuracy of hitting the target, handling the ball, speed of running with the ball, strength with which the ball is hit and the speed of curvilinear running, with the criterion concerning the achievements in football. This criterion has been defined as the variables of attack and defense technique, creativity, commitment and responsibility. The results of the research are two pairs of canonical factors. The first factor is defined by the following techniques: attack, defense and creativity, the strength of hitting the ball with the leg, elevation accuracy and the speed of running with the ball at the right angle. The second factor has a bipolar character. The positive pole carries the definition of responsibility and behaviour, whereas the negative pole carries the definition of creativity. This factor has been defined by rectilinear bouncing, dribble with the ball, dribble without the ball and the strength of kicking the ball in the jump. The following tests are recommended as suitable for selection and control of the level of training: strength of kicking the ball while standing (SNESMO), the speed of running with the ball along the 20m track (SNBV20), horizontal bouncing off the surface, elevation accuracy at the distance of 25m (SNRE25) and the speed of running with the ball at the right angle (SNBUPP)., Mit Hilfe von Hotellings kanonisch-korrelativer Analyse wurde die Beziehung zwischen den situativ-motorischen Variablen (Genauigkeit bei dem Zieltreffen, Ballbehandlung, die Schnelligkeit bei der Ballführung, Schuβkraft und Schnelligkeit beim Zickzack-Laufen) und dem Erfolgskriterium, das im Fußball als eine Variable der Angriffs- und Verteidigungstechnik, der Kreativität, des Engagements und Verantwortung definiert wurde, festgestellt. Als Resultat bekamen wir zwei Paare der kanonischen Faktoren. Der erste Faktor wurde durch folgende Techniken definiert: Angriff, Verteidigung und Kreativität, Schuβkraft, Elevationsgenauigkeit, Schnelligkeit der Ballführung unter dem rechten Winkel. Der zweite Faktor ist bipolar. Auf dem Pluspol werden die Verantwortung und das Verhalten, und auf dem Minuspol die Kreativität definiert. Dieser Faktor wird durch das geradlinige Prellen, Dribbeln mit dem Ball, Dribbeln ohne Ball und Schuβkraft im Sprung definiert. Zur Selektion und Kontrolle des Trainingszustands werden folgende Tests empfohlen: Schuβkraft aus dem Stand (SNESMO), Schnelligkeit der Ballführung auf 20m (SNBV20), horizontales Prellen (SNKUPO), Elevationsgenauigkeit auf 25m (SNRE25) und Schnelligkeit der Ballführung unter dem rechtecn Winkel (SNBUPP).

Temeljni cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi razlike u pokazateljima situacijskih parametara između reprezentacija koje su prošle grupnu fazu natjecanja na svjetskom nogometnom prvenstvu u Kataru 2022. godine i reprezentacija koje su ispale u grupnoj fazi istog natjecanja. Uzorak ispitanika sastojao se od 32 reprezentacije koje su u grupnoj fazi odigrale 48 utakmica. Kako bi se utvrdile razlike između reprezentacija, analizirane su razlike u sljedećim varijablama: postignuti pogodci, primljeni pogodci, udarci prema vratima, udarci u okvir vrata, udarci izvan okvira vrata, počinjeni prekršaji, pretrpljeni prekršaji, pokušaj dodavanja, uspješna dodavanja, uspješni ubačaji, udarci iz kuta, zaleđa, obrane vratara, žuti kartoni i crveni kartoni. Statistička značajnost razlika između reprezentacija utvrđena je t-testom za nezavisne uzorke za parametrijske varijable, odnosno Mann-Whitney testom za neparametrijske varijable. Rezultati ovog istraživanja pokazali su da su reprezentacije koje su prošle grupnu fazu natjecanja postigle statistički značajno više pogodaka u odnosu na reprezentacije koje nisu prošle grupnu fazu. S druge strane, reprezentacije koje nisu prošle grupnu fazu natjecanja primile su statistički značajno više pogodaka te su kažnjene s većim brojem žutih kartona. Rezultati ovog istraživanja mogu pomoći trenerima u planiranju i programiranju treninga te u kvalitetnoj pripremi utakmica. The main goal of this study was to determine the differences in situational parameter indicators between the teams that advanced to the knockout stages of the Qatar 2022 World Cup and the teams that were eliminated in the group stages of the same competition. The sample consisted of 32 teams that played 48 matches in the group stages. In order to determine the differences between the teams, the following variables were analyzed: goals scored, goals conceded, shots on goal, shots on target, shots off target, fouls committed, fouls suffered, attempted passes, successful passes, successful crosses, corner kicks, offsides, goalkeeper saves, yellow cards and red cards. The statistical significance of the differences between the teams was determined by t-test for independent samples for parametric variables, and Mann-Whitney test for non-parametric variables. The results of this study showed that the teams that advanced to the knockout stages of the competition scored significantly more goals than the teams that were eliminated in the group stages. On the other hand, the teams that were eliminated in the group stages of the competition conceded significantly more goals and received more yellow cards. The results of this study can help coaches in planning and programming trainings and preparing for the matches.

U ovom diplomskom radu analizirana je koordinacija kao jedna od najvaţnijih sposobnosti u nogometu. Razvojem ove sposobnosti u senzitivnim razdobljima mladih nogometaša uvelike se moţe pridonijeti u njihovom daljnjem sportskom razvoju. Metodski postupak u trenaţnom procesu, kao i načela po kojima se on provodi od velikog je značaja i omogućit će treneru i sportašu brţi i kvalitetniji način u dolasku do njihovog zajedničkog cilja. Kompleksnost koordinacije primjećuje se u njezinom utjecaju na ostale motoričke sposobnosti. Ova motorička sposobnost moţe se rasporediti u više podjela, a jedna od podjela je bazična i specifična. Bazična koordinacija omogućuje sportašu svestrani razvoj i pridonijet će brţem unapreĎivanju sportske specijalizacije. Specifična koordinacija odreĎena je sportskom granom i ima njezine specifične ciljeve te se moţe nazvati i tehnika sportske discipline. Razvoj koordinacije kao motoričke sposobnosti moguć je i u kasnijim godinama bavljenja nogometom, a opisanim metodskim vjeţbama utjecat će se na razvoj koordinacije u ovoj sportskoj grani. In this thesis, coordination is analyzed as one of the most important abilities in football. The development of this ability in the sensitive periods of young footballers can greatly contribute to their further sporting development. The methodical procedure in the training process, as well as the principles by which it is carried out, is of great importance and will allow the coach and the athlete a faster and better way to reach their common goal. The complexity of coordination is observed in its impact on other motor skills. Basic coordination allows the athlete to develop versatilely and will contribute to faster improvement of sports specialization. Specific coordination is determined by the sports branch and has its specific goals and can also be called the technique of sports discipline. This motor ability can be divided into several divisions, and one of them is basic and specific. The development of coordination as a motor skill is also possible in the later years of playing football, and the described methodical exercises will influence the development of coordination in this sport.

U današnje vrijeme kada je nogomet na glasu kao najvažnija sporedna stvar na svijetu, zanimljivo je pozabaviti se samim sportašima koji treniraju ovaj sport. Stoga je vrlo važno da svaki nogometaš bude kvalitetno pripremljen za izazove koji se pred njega stavljaju. Kada spominjemo kvalitetnu pripremu nogometaša, prvenstveno se osvrćemo na kondicijsku pripremu koju vode osobe koje su stručne za taj dio pripreme. Po pitanju kondicijske pripremljenosti igrača, potrebno je djelovati na razvoj motoričkih sposobnosti kao što su startna brzina, agilnost, brzina reakcije i eksplozivna snaga u vidu sprinta. Postoji niz faktora koji utječu na razvoj brzinskih sposobnosti kod nogometaša, a svakako treba istaknuti i vježbe koje pridonose razvoju brzine kod nogometaša, od juniorskog pa sve do seniorskog uzrasta. In modern times when sport like football has a reputation as the most important sideline in the world it is interesting to do a research of the athletes who practice that sport. Therefore, it is very important that every player is well prepared for the challenges that lie ahead. When we talk about the quality of preparation of football players, we primarily refer to conditioning preparation led by people who are experts in that part of the preparation. Regarding conditioning preparation, it is necessary to work on development of the motor skills such as starting speed, agility, reaction speed, explosive power in the form of sprints. There are a number of factors that affect the development of speed skills of football players and we should point out the exercises that contribute to the development of speed in football from junior players to senior age.

Nogomet je igra koja osvaja milijarde ljudi diljem svijeta. Jednostavna ideja igre, lako razumljiva pravila i posebna atmosfera čine dio velike popularnosti. Da bi igra na terenu bila atraktivna potrebna je visoka razina utreniranosti elemenata primanja i dodavanja lopte sa ciljem postizanja pogotka. U ovom završnom radu ću objasniti osnove tehnike nogometa, taktička sredstva i primopredaju lopte te prikazati vježbe i primjere za usavršavanje dodavanja lopte u nogometu. Football is a game that captivates billions of people around the world. The simple idea of the game, easy to understand rules and special atmosphere are part of its grat popularity. That game on the field could be attractive, a high level of training in the elemets of receiving and passing the ball with aim of scoring a goal is required. In this final paper, I will explain the basics of football technique, tactical means and passing the ball, and show exercises and examples for perfecting passing the ball in football.

Nogomet karakterizira izrazita dinamičnost koja se očituje u stalnim izmjenama napada i obrane. Dolazi do stalne promjene posjeda lopte odnosno do tranzicije. Trenutak osvajanja lopte predstavlja početak pozitivne tranzicije, a gubitak lopte početak negativne tranzicije. Za postizanje uspješnih rezultata ekipe moraju težiti usavršavanju obje faze igre. Kvalitetna tranzicija nakon osvojene lopte ključna je za uspješno ugrožavanje protivničkih vrata dok tranzicija nakon izgubljene lopte važna je u sprječavanju suparnika u postizanju pogodaka. Football is characterized by distinct dynamism, which is manifested in costant changes of attack and defense. There si constant change in possession of the ball, i.e. transition. The moment of winning the ball represents the beginning of a positive transition and losing the ball reperesents the beginning of a negative transition. To achive successful results, teams must strive to improve both phases of the game. Quality transiton after winning the ball is key to successfuly threatening the opponent's goal, while transition after losing the ball is important role in preventing opponents from scoring goals.

Cilj ovoga istraživanje bio je utvrditi postoje li razlike u vrstama dodavanja s obzirom na rang natjecanja kod nogometaša GNK Dinamo Zagreb kadetskoga uzrasta u dvama različitim natjecanjima. Istraživanje je obuhvatilo drugu polusezonu 2020./2021. u NL-u Središte te prvu polusezonu 2021./2022. u HNL-u. Analizirano je ukupno 30 utakmica, 17 u NL-u Središte i 13 u HNL-u. Varijable koje su analizirane su: progresivna dodavanja, dodavanja unazad, lateralna dodavanja, dodavanja ukupno, progresivna dodavanja – točnost (%), dodavanja unazad – točnost (%), lateralna dodavanja – točnost (%) i ukupno dodavanja – točnost (%). Za statističku obradu rezultata korištene su metode Studentova t-testa za zavisne uzorke. Rezultati testiranja pokazali su u dvije različite sezone statistički značajnu razliku u jednoj varijabli: lateralna dodavanja – točnost (%) uz pogrešku p = 0,0333. Ostali rezultati također ukazuju na razlike i u preostalim varijablama, ali bez statistički značajne razlike: progresivna dodavanja (uz pogrešku p = 0,3160), dodavanja unazad (uz pogrešku p = 0,1216), lateralna dodavanja (uz pogrešku p = 0,5256), ukupno dodavanja (uz pogrešku p = 0,7053), progresivna dodavanja (%) (uz pogrešku p = 0,4310), dodavanja unazad (%) (uz pogrešku p = 0,3044), ukupno dodavanja (%) (uz pogrešku p = 0,2515). Za dobivanje rezultata i obradu podataka korišteni su podaci Wyscout platforme i Statistica 13.0. The aim of this research was to determine whether there are differences in the types of passes considering the ranking of competitions among GNK Dinamo Zagreb cadet football players in two different competitions. The research covered the second half of the 2020./2021. season in NL Središte and the first half of the season 2021./2022. in the HNL. A total of 30 matches were analyzed, 17 in NL Središte and 13 in HNL. The variables analyzed were: progressive passes, backward passes, lateral passes, total passes, progressive passes - accuracy (%), backward passes - accuracy (%), lateral additions - passes (%) and total passes - accuracy (%). Student's t-test for dependent variables was used for statistical processing of results. The test results showed a statistically significant difference in one variable in two different seasons: lateral passes - accuracy (%) with p-value = 0.0333. Other results also indicate differences in the remaining variables, but without statistically significant differences: progressive passes (p-value = 0.3160), backward passes (p-value = 0.1216), lateral passes (p-value = 0.5256) ), total passes (p-value = 0.7053), progressive passes (%) (p-value = 0.4310), backward passes (%) (p-value = 0.3044), total passes (%) (p-value = 0.2515). Wyscout platform and Statistica 13.0 were used to obtain results and process data.

Cilj ovog rada bio je utvrditi je li došlo do napretka u pojedinim motoričkim sposobnostima nakon provedenog trenažnog procesa u izabranim kategorijama, kao i utvrditi postoji li razlika između samih uzrasnih kategorija. Sudionici istraživanja su bili igrači „MNK Futsal Dinamo“. Uzorak ispitanika se sastojao od 44 igrača, 15 U - 19 igrača ( juniori ), 16 U - 17 igrača ( kadeti) i 13 U - 15 igrača ( stariji pioniri ). Za procjenu motoričkih sposobnosti ispitanici su podvrgnuti testiranju koje se sastojalo od 7 testova, sprint 10 i 30 metara, skok u dalj s mjesta, test 93639 bez okreta, T- test i 30 sekundi trbušnjaci i čučnjevi. Deskriptivnom analizom došli smo do prosječnih vrijednosti koje su uspoređene, a Studentovim T- testom do rezultata p - vrijednosti. Zaključak je kako su u prosjeku sve tri generacije napredovale nakon 5 mjeseci trenažnog procesa i ostvarile bolje rezultate u testovima. Također, iz rezultata je vidljivo kako su juniori imali bolje rezultate od kadeta i starijih pionira, dok su kadeti imali bolje rezultate od starijih pionira. The aim of this study was to determine whether there was an improvement in certain motor skills after the training process in the selected categories, as well as to determine whether there is a difference between the age categories themselves. The participants in the research were the players of "MNK Futsal Dinamo". The sample of respondents consisted of 44 players, 15 U-19 players, 16 U - 17 players and 13 U - 15 players. To assess motor skills, subjects underwent a testing consisting of 7 tests, a 10- and 30-meter sprint, a long jump, a 93639 no - turn test, a T-test, and 30 seconds of sit-ups and squats. By descriptive analysis, we came up with average values that were compared, and with Student T - test we found the p - value. The conclusion is that on average all three generations progressed after 5 months of the training process and achieved better test results. Also, the results show that U - 19 had better results than U - 17 and U - 15, while U - 17 had better results than U - 15.

Uživanje velike popularnosti ovoga sporta uvelike je razvila i sam nogomet. Nogomet je danas sport koji zahtijeva visoku psihološku, kondicijsku i tehničko-taktičku vještinu kako bi sportaš bio konkurentan. Kada gledamo nogomet kao igru ona zahtijeva visoku spremnost po pitanju izdržljivosti. Izdržljivost je u jednadžbi specifikacije motoričkih sposobnosti nogometaša na prvom mjestu. Cilj diplomskog rada je pomoći nogometnim trenerima kako primijeniti pomoćno-nastavne igre u razvoju aerobno-anaerobne izdržljivosti nogometaša, te kako ih uskladiti u svoj plan i program u trenažnom periodu. Ovaj rad će pomoći nogometni trenerima da kroz pomoćno-nastavne igre razvijaju ili održavaju izdržljivost kod nogometaša koristeći se raznim parametrima vezanim za nogometu igru. The enjoyment of the great popularity of this sport has greatly developed football itself. Today, football is a sport that requires high psychological, fitness and technical-tactical skills in order to be competitive. When we look at football as a game it requires high readiness in terms of endurance. Endurance is in the equation of the specification of motor skills of football players in the first place. The aim of the diploma thesis is to help football coaches how to apply auxiliary-teaching games in the development of aerobic-anaerobic endurance of football players, and how to harmonize them in their curriculum in the training period. This work will help football coaches to develop or maintain endurance in football players through auxiliary-teaching games using various parameters related to the football game.