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Examined prevalence and correlates of courtship violence in 202 male Canadian college students. Results showed that over 42 percent of respondents had engaged in some form of courtship violence, although more extreme forms of violence were not evident. Six significant interactions between vulnerability factors and precipitating factors explained 14 percent of variance in physical dating violence. (Author/NB)

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.10.010 Byline: Robert P. Murray (a), Suzanne L. Tyas (b), Wanda Snow (a), Okechukwu Ekuma (a), Ruth Bond (a), Gordon E. Barnes (c) Keywords: Alcohol drinking; Heavy episodic drinking; All-cause mortality; Morbidity; Cohort study Abstract: We sought to identify a level of alcohol consumption representing the boundary between health protective and hazardous drinking. The Winnipeg Health and Drinking Survey began in 1990-91 (n =1257). Seven years later, a third wave of interviews (n =785) expanded questions on heavy episodic drinking (HED) and assessed the consumption of [greater than or equal to]3, [greater than or equal to]5, [greater than or equal to]8, and [greater than or equal to]12 drinks at a sitting for each of wine, beer and liquor (equivalent to about 40g, 65g, 105g and 155g of ethanol). Cox proportional hazards models were based on seven years of illness and mortality data following the Wave 3 interview, and were stratified by gender and HED definition. For HED of [greater than or equal to]40g, [greater than or equal to]65g, [greater than or equal to]105g, or [greater than or equal to]155g per occasion, the hazard ratios for morbidity and mortality from all causes were 1.06, 1.09, 1.17, and 1.16 respectively in women, and 1.00, 0.98, 1.02, and 1.02 in men. Most of these hazard ratios were significant in women, whereas none was significant in men. This study did not provide support for a definition of HED that could divide protective from hazardous alcohol consumption. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada (b) Department of Health Studies and Gerontology and Department of Psychology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada (c) School of Child and Youth Care, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC, Canada

A study to assess the personality mediator in a relationship between alcohol consumption and cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality is presented. The models of hypertension and other cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes were significantly of individual personality, which affected the personality covariates.

A LARGE NUMBER of prospective studies have now demonstrated a reduced risk of death from coronary heart disease (CHD) among moderate drinkers as compared to nondrinkers (Anderson, 1994; Holman et [...], Objective: To date there are many studies describing the protective and risk factors associated with alcohol consumption and cardiovascular health (the U- or J-shaped curve). These studies have only accounted for part of the effects. One hypothesis is that personality differences may account fur some of the unexplained variance. It is also unclear if wine, beer and distilled spirits have equivalent effects on health. The purpose of this study is to describe the differences in personality among users of wine, beer and spirits. Method: Data were from a community sample of 1,257 men and women in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada. that was first enrolled in 1989-90. We examined and compared the demographic and personality characteristics of wine, beer and spirits drinkers in this sample. Results: The groups differed significantly on the dimensions of extraversion, psychoticism and reducer-augmenter in univariate tests. In multivariate models, for the total sample and for females, predominant drinking of wine was associated with low scores on the Vando scale (augmenters). Higher consumption of beer among males was associated with higher levels of neuroticism. Conclusions: In these instances, personality does contribute to the characterization of groups.

This article discusses the relationship between poverty, unemployment, and alcohol dependence. Topics include depression, coping, and structural equation modelling.

Results do not support a relationship between changes in smoking and changes in drinking. The structural equation model incorporating data from 344 adults suggests that changes in the drinking behavior are not related to changes in smoking behavior.

Ward's hierarchical clustering algorithm was used to formulate a personality profile of smokers. The study, based on scores of 346 smokers on 10 personality measures, found a weak relationship between personality and smoking. However, it also found that smokers tend to be extroverts, tense, anxious and are more anti-social than non-smokers. The findings point to the existence of a sub-group of smokers who have higher levels of anti-social characteristics.

A community survey of 1,257 adult men and women, involving the application of measures of alcohol abuse or dependence, revealed only one meaningful factor concerned with drinking behavior and social problems. Reasonable responsiveness and specificity to DIS-III-R were evident for high maximum levels of drinking and social problems. These links differed in subgroups of age and gender.

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