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Bulgaria ruffled Yugoslavia's feathers for including Macedonia as part of its historic territory, and Greece's and Turkey's for laying claim to Thrace. Such nations, she persuasively demonstrates, were not just puppets of their affiliate superpowers; they established and carried out cultural (and, she implies, economic and even military) policy separate from and sometimes even in conflict with the dominant nation. But for a girl growing up in Bulgaria in the 1970s, the only anniversary of real importance was "1300 Years Bulgaria", the expansive commemoration of the 681 CE founding of the medieval Bulgarian state. [Extracted from the article]

Over the past three decades, a "new Cold War history" movement has flourished, fed by the declassification of Western records and the opening of archives in the former Soviet bloc. In I We Begin Bombing in Five Minutes: Late Cold War Culture in the Age of Reagan i , Andrew Hunt of Waterloo University attempts to remedy this. [Extracted from the article]

James Laughlin, the founder of New Directions Books, was also a poet whose artistic evolution ran almost precisely counter to that of the modernism he did so much to promote. Originally a juvenile imitator of Pound and Eliot, Laughlin abruptly rejected their model while studying under adamant anti-modernists at Harvard, and developed a style much closer to that of Williams or even Catullus. Ironically, even as he swerved away from their influence, Laughlin's teachers still could only see in his poetry the taint of the high modernists. A t the same time, Laughlin had begun working with and publishing the writing of nascent "Middle Generation" poets such as John Berryman and Randall Jarrell. Reading Laughlin's work in the context of the 1950s modernist vs. anti-modernist struggle shows that Laughlin should be considered apart of the Middle Generation, rather than a belated modernist imitator and impresario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the relation of literary modernism to politics during the Cold War, highlighting the magazine "Encounter," published by the anti-communist organization Congress for Cultural Freedom (C.C.F.). Topics include the relation of modernism to the individualism associated with Western bourgeois culture, the association of "Encounter" with the U.S. Central Intelligence Agency (C.I.A.), and the role of Irving Kristol as an editor of the magazine.

Students in a senior English class examined the question of whether the 'wisdom of experts' or 'the wisdom of crowds' is more reliable and useful in a writing course by engaging in a parallel Wikipedia project. Each student either created a new entry or made significant changes to an existing Wikipedia entry, tracked changes to their contributions, and then wrote a paper and gave a presentation reflecting on what they learned; simultaneously, the class as a whole collaborated on a Wikipedia entry about a local landmark's controversy. Background readings familiarizing students with Wikipedia's procedures, as well as critical and philosophical interpretations of Wikipedia's significance, provided students perspective on Wikipedia's utility. While the instructor expected students to enter with an uncritical understanding of Wikipedia's reliability and then to see Wikipedia's fundamental untrustworthiness, students' work demonstrated that they entered the class skeptical about Wikipedia and that their projects showed them that Wikipedia was mostly reliable and useful. In this experiment, students showed that they were at an intermediate stage of "personal epistemology" and still had not achieved the level of reflective judgment sought by the school's information-literacy competency goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study conducted in Duquesne University in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, which integrates process-based writing pedagogy outside of writing classes to improve student writing in first-year learning communities. It states various underlying objectives of learning communities including social, academic, and pedagogical. Several goals of Duquesne University's Learning Community program were mentioned including helping first-year college students find friends and study companions, connecting the classroom with the community through service, and helping students learn how topics in different courses are related.

The article focuses on the effect of Cultural Cold War on modernism projects in the U.S. The project played a key role in redefining modernism as being characterized primarily by style, in directing modernism away from collectivist/Utopian origins and toward bourgeois individualism, and in constructing a coalition of elites. According to Intercultural Publication Inc. (IP) and its journal "Perspectives USA," headed by James Laughlin, the Cultural Cold War has significance in the domestication of literary and artistics modernism in the country.

Presents information on American poet Ezra Pound. Career information on Pound; Indication that Pound was captured in 1945 by Italian partisans and held in a detention camp; Discussion on the image of Pound as a traitor and a bigot; In-depth look at Pound's work; Discussion on anti-Semitism.